Date: November 4, 2025

Topic: HOMEOSTASIS

WELLBEING CHECK:
 HOMEOSTASIS
Learning Objectives : We are learning to;

Define homeostasis.

Describe the control of the glucose concentration of the

blood by
the liver and the pancreas

Outline the symptoms and treatment of Type 1

Diabetes
 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

What is
Homeostasis?
Homeostasis - involves
maintaining a constant
A series of automatic control systems ensures that
environment in athe
the body maintains body
constant temperature, and
steady levels of water, ions and blood sugar
• Homeostasis makes sure our body has the
correct levels of.......

Temperature Water Oxygen

Carbon
Blood sugar
November 4, 2025 dioxide
 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Why is homeostasis so important?

Enzyme activity – Enzymes operate best over a specific range of

conditions. By maintaining pH and temperature in the body all enzyme-
linked reactions proceed efficiently.
Cell size – Changes in the water potential of the blood will
affect the amount of water in the tissue fluid and cells. This could
cause animal cells to desiccate, or swell and burst.

Independence from external conditions –

Animals with a constant internal environment can
maintain a constant level of activity regardless of
their environment.
 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

What is Negative Feedback Mechanism?

To maintain their internal environment organisms need a self
regulating mechanism. In most animals this is achieved by
negative feedback.
Negative feedback works by initiating corrective mechanisms
whenever the internal environment deviates from its normal or
acceptable level.
Thermoregulation: an example of a negative feedback loop
body temperature corrective
increases mechanisms

normal body normal body

temperature temperature

body temperature corrective

decreases mechanisms
 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Let’s discuss another such example.

Regulating the glucose concentration of the blood.

Some key words to remember

- Pancreas
- Liver
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Glycogen
 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

What is blood glucose?

Glucose is a type of sugar used by the body to provide energy.

Sometimes there is too much glucose in the body and sometimes there isn’t
enough.

What affects the levels of blood glucose?

Eating causes the glucose levels to rise

Vigorous exercise causes glucose levels to drop.

 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Blood Glucose and Pancreas

Blood glucose levels are monitored and

controlled by the pancreas.

The pancreas produces and releases different

hormones depending on the levels of glucose.

INSULIN- released when glucose levels are high- the liver stores excess
glucose as glycogen

GLUCAGON- released when glucose levels are low- liver converts stored
glycogen to glucose and releases it into the blood.
 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Watch this video to understand the regulation of glucose by the pancreas.

 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Check your understanding

Refer to this image and

try constructing a
pathway for;
1) When glucose
conc. is high.
2) When glucose
conc. is low.
 Date:
Date:November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
Topic:HOMEOSTASIS
HOMEOSTASIS the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Check your understanding

 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

i) When blood glucose concentration is high, the liver

converts the excess glucose to glycogen and stores it.
Task 1 to be
done in the
ii) When blood glucose concentration increases, the notebook.
pancreas produce a hormone called insulin. Insulin causes
the cells to uptake glucose for energy and sends the
excess glucose to the liver. The liver converts it to glycogen
and stores it.
iii) Same as above
 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Task 2 to be done in the notebook.

i) Glucagon causes the liver cells to convert glycogen back to

glucose and release it into the cells.

ii) Through the blood

 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Task 3 to be done in the notebook.

When blood glucose concentration increases, the pancreas produce a

hormone called insulin. Insulin causes the cells to uptake glucose for
energy and sends the excess glucose to the liver. The liver converts it to
glycogen and stores it.
But when glucose concentration decreases, the liver converts the
glycogen back to glucose and releases it to the cells.
Negative feedback works by initiating corrective mechanisms whenever
the internal environment deviates from its normal or acceptable level.
Hence, glucose concentration is an example of negative feedback.
 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Real Life Application

What happens if glucose is not regulated.

If the body does not regulate blood glucose concentration,

it can become too high or too low, causing serious problems.

When the blood glucose concentration becomes too high, it can

lower the water potential of the blood, which can create
osmotic problems that can cause dehydration. Symptoms
include thirst, frequent urination, glucose in the urine and
ultimately coma.
When the blood glucose concentration becomes too low, it
can result in cells being deprived of energy. Symptoms
include nausea, loss of concentration and ultimately coma.
 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Type-1 Diabetes- Autoimmune Disease

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder that affects the

body’s ability to regulate blood glucose levels. There
are two different types – type 1 and type 2.

Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin-

dependent diabetes, normally occurs suddenly in
childhood.
The body is not able to produce its own
insulin. This is thought to be caused by the
immune system attacking the insulin-
producing cells.

Type 1 diabetes can be controlled with regular insulin injections and

the careful management of diet and exercise.
 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Watch this video to understand the symptoms and treatment of Type-1 Diabetes.

Task 4
1) Write the cause, symptoms and treatment of
Type 1 Diabetes

2) Define an autoimmune disease

 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

PLENARY

https://wordwall.net/resource/31895556/biology/blood-glucose-control-basic

https://wordwall.net/resource/31895254/biology/control-of-blood-glucose-levels

https://wordwall.net/resource/10107557/science/blood-glucose-definitions
 Date: November 4, 2025 L.O: Define homeostasis/ Describe the control of the glucose
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS concentration of the blood by the liver and the pancreas/ Outline
the symptoms and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Lesson Outcome: Have we achieved the learning objectives?

I can I am not clear I am a bit confused I can do the

on this and need more help​​ tasks confidently​​

Define homeostasis and list the organs

involved in homeostasis

Define negative feedback mechanism

Describe the mechanism of glucose

regulation by the liver and pancreas

Identify the hormones involved and their

role

Explain Type 1 diabetes as an

autoimmune disease and write its
symptoms and treatment.
Date: November 4, 2025
Topic: HOMEOSTASIS

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11/04/2025