Machine Modelling
Model of PMSG Wind Turbine
• Structure of PMSG Wind Turbine.
• The basic of PMSG wind turbine structure shown on Figure 1 .
• The wind turbine generates torque from wind power. The torque is
transferred through the generator shaft to the rotor of the generator.
• The generator produces an electrical torque, and the difference
between the mechanical torque from the wind turbine and the
electrical torque from the generator determines whether the
mechanical system accelerates or decelerates or constant speed.
current from the generator to charge a DC-link 𝑈𝑑𝑐 capacitor.
The generator is connected to a three-phase inverter which rectifies the
The DC-link 𝑈𝑑𝑐 feeds a second three-phase inverter which is connected
to the grid through a transformer.
Model of Wind Turbine.
• The wind turbine is used for the conversion of wind kinetic energy to mechanical work.
On the basis of relationships for the calculation, it is possible to express the value of
power (Pm) of the aero dynamic wind turbine power ,
Model of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator.
The generator model is implemented entirely in 𝑑𝑞-coordinates.
It means that there are no AC-states in the model. The generator is
modelled with DC voltages and currents in a rotor-fixed rotating
coordinate system
Structure of the Permanent Magnet
Machine
Synchronous Machine Modelling
1,5,19,22,24,32,33
35,37,
Le 1,4,5,6,10,11,12
18,19,25,26,29,30
Permanent Magnet Synchronous
Generator
• The mathematical model of a PMSG is developed in the direct-
quadrature (d-q) reference frame. The modeling of the PMSG in state
equation is expressed as,
where, Rs is the stator resistance,
id and iq are the currents,
Ld and Lq are the inductances of the generator along the d and q axis,
Lls is the leakage inductance of the generator and
ωe is the electrical rotating speed (rad/s) of the generator
Dq0 Transformations
Modelling of Wind Turbine with DFIG
A more advanced and flexible version of the traditional induction generator
used in large wind turbines is the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). In
a standard induction generator, the stator is directly connected to the grid,
while the rotor is a closed-loop coil.
In contrast, the DFIG features a rotor with three-phase windings that are
connected to the grid through power electronic converters (DC/AC).
These converters enable the generation of a magnetic field in the rotor, which
interacts with the magnetic field in the stator to produce torque. This torque
is influenced by the strength and phase angle of both magnetic fields.
• This technology is widely used in modern wind turbines, supporting
generation capacities up to 5 MW.
Modelling of Wind Turbine with DFIG
• Fig. depicts the DFIG connected to the electrical grid. In
this case, the stator is connected directly to the grid.
The rotor of DFIG is connected to the mains by means of
a back-to-back power electronics converter.
• This converter is composed by two DC–AC converters
that share the same DC link.
• The turbine rotor is -connected to the DFIG through a
shaft system. The generator rotor is fed from the grid
through a back-to-back converter which handles only
the slip power (up to 30% of the rated power).
• A portion of rotor AC power (slip power) is converted into DC by a
diode bridge. The smoothing reactor is provided to smoothen the
rectified current.
• The output of the rectifier is then connected to the DC terminals of
the inverter. The inverter inverts the DC power to the AC power and
feeds it back to the AC source.
Model of Wind Turbine.
• The wind turbine is used for the conversion of wind kinetic energy to mechanical work.
On the basis of relationships for the calculation, it is possible to express the value of
power (Pm) of the aero dynamic wind turbine power ,
Equivalent Circuit
