Introduction to Cloud Computing

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Introduction To Cloud Computing

Before Cloud
• Computers were invented to achieve simplicity in performing
different complex operations
• Early computers were huge and costly
– Achieved economic feasibility through console and CPU time sharing
• With innovations in electronics, computers became smaller, and
eventually, Personal computers became the next big thing.
• Development of digital networks and emergence of Internet helped
in further development of computing technology/industry.
• While computer’s physical infrastructure and use of digital networks
continued to be simpler and affordable, the software continued to
grow complex in terms of deployment, configuration and use.
– This was in conflict with the main objective of computers (simplicity).

Different Issues
• Virus Attacks
• Limited disk space
• Cost of software and growing complexity in
terms of usability, number of features and
maintenance
• Complexity in software development, testing
and scalability

Virtualization
• Virtualization technique allowed physical computer
infrastructure to act as host for multiple virtual
computer systems.
• Every virtual computer system acts as an independent
real computer.
– Thus, it can have it’s own virtual storage and operating
system.
– Also, as it sits inside host system just like any other file or
application, new machines could be created simply by
copying an existing virtual machine file/configuration.
• This is much more simpler than building a new physical system

Direct Benefits Of Virtualization
• Since virtual machines can be created easily, backed up and
cloned on-demand, we could perform following activities
without any risk:
– Trying out new software
– Editing files from external sources which can be prone to viruses
• Since virtual machines rely on virtual storage, memory and
processing power, they can be created with minimal
required configurations which can be upgraded to next
level simply by making changes in configuration file
– Thus is much more faster and simpler as compared to upgrading
a physical system
– In some cases, virtual machines can be upgraded at run time

Virtualization of storage
• Development of virtual file systems,
distributed file systems, logical volumes and
HTTP extensions like WebDAV resulted in an
abstract file system that can work on top of
different physical disks and storage systems.
– This can be used to create an illusion of infinite
storage.

Emergence of Cloud Computing
• Hypervisors allowed us to dynamically create new
virtual machines with ability to upgrade them quickly
and easily.
• Virtual file systems made it possible to create virtually
infinite storage system.
• Internet, had already made it possible to build a
virtually infinite information system.
• Together, these technologies helped to build a system
that can scale to demands with little or no downtime.
• Such systems are now grouped under an umbrella
term, Cloud.

Cloud Services
• Servers
• Applications
• Platforms

Cloud Servers
• Cloud Servers are similar to VPS (Virtual Private
Servers), but they start from minimum usable
configurations (disk space and RAM) with an interface
or API to upgrade them instantly, whenever required.
• Often, the cloud server providers also support a service
to accessvirtually infinite storage space which could be
purchased separately and mounted inthevirtual server.
• Examples:
– Rackspace (Cloud Servers and Cloud Files)
– Amazon (EC2 and S3)

Cloud Applications
• These applications can be accessed without any installation directly
from web browsers.
• They try to provide the same set of features as compared to their
standalone alternative.
• With the help of technologies like HTML5, Cloud applications can
now support better RUA (Rich User Interface) and in some cases,
can prove to be more easy in terms of use as compared to their
standalone alternative.
• Most of these application provide their own cloud data store. Thus,
the files created can be accessed from different computer systems.
• Example:
– Google docs:
• Similar to Microsoft Office.
• Can be used directly without any installation
• Support for live collaboration

Platform As A Service
• These services are similar to cloud servers, however:
– They are pre-configured to execute certain type of
applications (Java EE, Ruby on rails, PHP, Node.JS)
– They limit the direct access to core OS features or console,
but provide interface to deploy the applications.
• These services handle the configurations required to
achieve load balancing and backups in background.
Thus, users can focus only on the development of their
applications.
• Example:
– Heroku
– Engine Yard

Cloud Deployment Strategies
• Public Cloud
– Cloud services are exposed on a public network
(Internet).
• Private Cloud
– Cloud infrastructure is managed within an
organization. Unlike public cloud, private clouds incur
huge initial costs.
• Hybrid Cloud
– Utilizes the private cloud infrastructure along with
public cloud services.

Economics
• Cloud computing allows sharing of physical
resources between multiple users and
applications.
• If the resources are allocated as per their needs
and modified as per the change in demand for
infrastructure, then it can prove to be highly cost
effective.
• Cloud services are available in different pricing
plans. In most cases, they start with minimum
usable configuration with little or no cost and bill
users for every unit of additional use.

Things To Remember
• The main purpose of computer system is to achieve
simplicity
– No matter how great your software is, it won’t become
successful if it does not satisfy the main purpose –
Simplicity
• Similarly, the main purpose of cloud computing
technologies is to introduce “Agility” in allocation of
computing resources
– Your virtualization can be great in terms security and other
aspects, but it would not serve its purpose if your entire
cloud infrastructure cannot scale instantly/quickly with
respect to the demand for computing resources.

Resources Used During the Session
• VirtualBox (https://www.virtualbox.org/)
• JoliOS (http://www.jolicloud.com/jolios)
• Ubuntu (http://www.ubuntu.com/)
• RackspaceCloud Servers
(http://www.rackspace.com/cloud/servers/)
• Google Drive (https://drive.google.com/)
• Google Apps (http://apps.google.com/)
• DropBox (https://www.dropbox.com/)
• Nitrous.io (https://www.nitrous.io/)
• BrowserStack (http://www.browserstack.com/)
• Heroku (https://www.heroku.com/)
• Sales Force (http://www.salesforce.com)

Contacts
Name: Anay Kamat
Email: anay@presentsoft.co.in
Company Website: http://www.presentsoft.co.in
Personal Blog: http://www.anaykamat.com

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Introduction to Cloud Computing

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