Heat in the City | Bruxelles - 10 décembre 2019

District Heating – an Important
part of a Sustainable Future
Lars Hummelmose
Managing Director
DBDH

Promote District Energy for a
Sustainable City Transformation
• Established in 1978
• 75+ members
– Leading actors in Denmark
– 2/3 Manufacturers, Consulting
Engineers
– 1/3 Utilities
• Magazine HOT|COOL
• Seminars, training, exchanges of
know-how in DK and abroad
• www.dbdh.dk

Future Targets
• National
– 70% CO2 2030 reduction vs 1990
– 2035 Carbon Neutral Heat
– 2035 Carbon Neutral Electricity
– 2050 Transport ??
• Copenhagen and many other cities
– 2025 Carbon Neutral

GAS vs DH
• New developments: Competition is not gas–
Gas is an obsolete technology
• Conversions: Gas prices are the competition

The Future
–A central part of Smart Energy Systems & 2050 targets
–Integrate surplus wind and solar electricity
7
Individual solar heating
Individual heat pump
Individual biomass
Individual electric heating
Individual gas boilers
Individual oil boilers
Small scale district heating
District heating
CO2-emission total

Connectability
• Technical (e.g. pressure, temperature)
• Fuel sources – any available
• Customers – any available
Storage

Technically DH is NOT Complicated
9
DH is fuel agnostic!
Storage
Pipes, pumps, valves . . . Heat demand
• Like your own boiler – a lot bigger and a lot smarter!!
• Moving “free” heat to a useful place
• Extremely well proven technology/system/idea!!

Flexibility is the key
• Fuel, sources, storage, consumption
• Decades, Seasonal, Weekly, Daily, Hourly
• Investment and Operation

Future Sustainable Heating
• Lower Temperature – towards 4G
• Improved technology in all parts of the value chain
• FUEL:
– Storage
– Power to Heat - Industrial Heat - Heat Pumps - Geothermal
– Bio Mass – great now, and then ???
• Consumer interaction
• DH is the integrator!
• Optimisation – metering, soft ware, systems
• Consolidation – companies and grids

Advocate benefits of DH
• Get your model right
– Who’s to benefit (fuel poverty, carbon, jobs)
– Connectability
– Discuss risk and divide it
– Advantages of Scale
– Long term perspective
• Technically it works, even better and better

Get started!
• Learn from others
• Organize
• Be innovative

Thank you
Lars Hummelmose
lh@dbdh.dk
+45 2990 0080
www.dbdh.dk

Connectability
• Economy
– Agreed principle
– Who benefits
• Legal and ownership
– Flexible today
– Flexible in the future
– Merger, management,
sell off, production…

Low hanging fruits
18
We want all the apples!

Conclusion
• Make your choice
• Avoid silos – inclusion is key
• Make sure future development is possible
• Find a way to include all over time
• Understand effects of high IRR and short pay
back time
• Go for it 

District Heating in Denmark
Brussels, 10 December 2019
Mikkel V Jensen, Energy coordinator
Royal Danish Embassy, The Hague

EGP - Programme
Cooperation between Danish Ministry of Foreign affairs and Danish Energy Agency
Purpose:
exchanging experience with the energy transition in selected sectors
Bilateral cooperation with current focus on 5 countries:
Germany
UK
US
South Korea
Netherlands: District Heating & Energy Efficiency in Buildings

DH in Denmark – The past
• First system from 1903 (Frederiksberg)
By-product of waste disposal
• Development pre-1970’s
Mainly driven by cooperatives Growth from 4-30%
• Post 1970’s Oil Crisis
centralised planning
Focus: Energy Security, Energy efficiency, CHP
Large expansion in number of networks and coverage

DH in Denmark – Past to present
From cities to nationwide CHP coverage

Current Status - Numbers
• Approximately 2.7 million homes in DK
• 2/3 of all homes covered
• 50% of heat demand
• DH 17% of Denmark’s final energy demand
• 33,000 km. district heating pipes (trench) all over
Denmark
• Direct Employment - 2,000 persons. (10,900 persons
incl. suppliers)
• Much larger coverage in Big cities. Eg. Copenhagen
around 98%

Current Status - ownership
Municipally owned:
Before 2002: DH Integrated in municipalities
After 2002: new rules separated accounting between
municipalities and DH companies. Most municipalities
separated energy companies entirely but kept ownership
Consumer owned companies
Few commercial companies

Current Status - Regulation 1
Municipally owned:
Same regulation for all types of ownership:
Cheap loans
Socio-economic viable investments
Transparent pricing
Possible compulsory connection
Only necessary costs are allowed + certain profit allowed by
regulator

Necessary costs:
Energy (mostly fuels)
Administration and salaries
Return on Investment if external financing
Taxes and other obligations like energy savings
Feasibility studies
Works well in a not for profit context

Municipal approval of projects based on central guides and rules
DH Companies have to document socio-economic feasibility based on central
calculation methodology and assumptions
Municipalities examines whether proposals are in accordance with
methodology

Current Status - expansion
Trend:
Few new networks
Expansion of existing networks, conversion
from gas and merging companies
Example Copenhagen
• 19 municipalities
• 25 DH companies
• 500,000 end users
• Expansion around CPH
• Gradual lowering of temperature in existing
system

Green transition
DH plays important role as excellent facilitator
DH is fuel agnostic
Once the system is there, the source can be changed
In DK Energy sources already changed
Oil › Coal (CHP)
Coal › waste
Biomass
Solar Thermal
Industrial residual heat
industrial heat pumps
electrification

Green transition
Example Solar thermal
Around 1/4 of DH companies have
solar thermal in their mix
Total capacity passed 1 GW this
year
Often combined with storage
Seasonal storage

Green transition
Hydrogen in District Heating – Case from Fredericia
Plans launched for 20MW Electrolyser By Shell Denmark and Everfuel
Long term plans upgrade to 1 GW electrolyser
Shell refinery already delivering residual heat to DH system
Only 65-70% conversion to hydrogen
Loss as heat to be used in DH
Electrolysing process at 85 degrees

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
This project has received funding from
the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme
under grant agreement No. 695989.
Heat Roadmap Europe for
Belgium
Luis Sánchez García,
Brussels, 10 December 2019

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
Our purpose in HRE4
• Creating scientific evidence to support long-
term energy strategies at local, national, and
EU level and empower the transition to a
low-carbon energy system
• By quantifying the impact of various
alternatives for addressing the heating and
cooling sectors
Holistic scenario
development
Energy
systems
modelli
ng
Mappin
g
energy
potentia
ls
Energy
savings
potentia
l

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
HRE1, 2, 3, 4
HeatRoadmapEurope1-2012
• Study 1 (2012):
will district
heating play a
role in the
decarbonisation
of the European
energy system?
HeatRoadmapEurope2-2013
• Study 2 (2013):
what is the
balance
between heat
savings and
heat supply at
an EU level?
STRATEGOWP2:HeatRoadmap
Europe32015,(2015)
• Study 3 : low-
carbon heating
and cooling
strategies for 5
member states
HeatRoadmapEurope4(2015-
2019)
• ‘Study 4 (2016-
2019):
integrated low-
carbon heating
and cooling
strategies for 14
member states

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
HRE methodology
Spatial and sector data Energy system analyses
District Heating
Potential
District Heating
Resources
Building Demand
Savings Potential
Costs of Making
Savings
BAU (References)
Heat Roadmap
Europe Alternatives
Results (PES, CO2,
Costs)
Energy System
Potential
Energy System
Resources

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
Heat Roadmaps for transitions
• Technically possible,
socio-economically
feasible
• Consider local nature of
heating and cooling
• Consider the wider
energy system
• Decarbonise in line with
Paris Agreement
Everywhere
Deep energy
savings
Combine savings
and supply
~30-50% demand
reduction
Urban areas
District energy
networks
High demand
density areas
Supply ~half of
energy demand
Rural areas
Mainly heat pumps
Low demand
density areas
Remaining ~half of
the energy demand

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 810 900
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 50 100 150 200 250
Heat Density (TJ/km2)
€/MWh
Heat density (kWh/m2)
Distribution cost
Why mapping?
• Cost of distributing
heat (piping) is very
dependent on the
heat density
• Heat density: how
much heat is
demanded per unit of
area. High in urban
centres and low in
rural areas

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
How has it been done?
Two step process
1. Determination of heat densities at a hectare level
2. Calculation of heat distribution costs
Obtaining the heat densities of Europe:
• There is no European data on how heat and cooling demands at
high spatial resolution
• Regressions are used as a model for distributing demands
spatially
• The resulting map with heat densities (Peta) is a model, not an
accounting system!

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
Example of mapping: heat demand in
Brussels
• Map with heat
density
• Heat demand in
supply districts by
heat density
• Example Brussels:
Total heat demand of
31.878.TJ, of which
25.406.TJ (80%) are in
areas with very high
heat density.

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
Example of mapping: Distribution costs in
Brussels
Due to high densities:
• Very Low
distribution costs
• Most of the city has
distribution costs
below 2 €/GJ or
7.€/MWh.
• Gas price before
taxes for
households:
~45.€/MWh

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
PETA also provides cost-
supply curves:
• Big cities are divided in
smaller sections
• For each section cost curve
• Cost of delivering heat for
a given penetration
Example of mapping: Distribution costs in
Brussels

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
Pan European Thermal Atlas
(PETA)
• Heat demands in urban areas
• Cold demands in urban areas
• Distribution cost for district heating and cooling
• Conventional surplus heat energy sources: thermal power plants,
industry
• Unconventional surplus heat energy sources: waste water treatment
plants, metro stations etc.
• Biomass resources at Nuts 3 level
• Geothermal potential
https://heatroadmap.eu/peta4/

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
Heat sector in Belgium
Source: Country report. Heat Roadmap Belgium

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
Distribution cost curve in
Belgium
• Similar costs to the
European average
up to 30% of the
heat demand
• Possible to cover
37% at an average
cost of 20.€/MWh
• (Gas price before
taxes for
households:
~45.€/MWh)

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
Distribution cost curve in
Belgium
Some caveats:
• Swedish piping
costs
• Amortization: 30
years
• Interest rate: 3%
• 100% connection
rate
• Only distribution
pipes and no
connections
included

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
Overall conclusions from Heat Roadmap
Belgium
DH could cover 20-55%
of the heat demand (opt
@ 37%)
Savings in the heating
sector should reach 30%
Compared to
conventional
decarbonization:
• 48% less CO2
emissions
• 12% less energy
• 6% lower annual costs

www.heatroadmap.eu
@HeatRoadmapEU
Thank you!
Contact: lsg@plan.aau.dk
Heat Roadmap Europe:
www.heatroadmap.eu
Pan-European Thermal Atlas:
www.heatroadmap.eu/maps
Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION PROGRAMME ON
District Heating and Cooling including Combined Heat and Power
IEA Technology Collaboration
Programme on District Heating & Cooling
Introduction
Dirk Vanhoudt
Senior Researcher District Heating and Cooling Networks
EnergyVille/VITO

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
VITO: “Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek”/”Flemish Institute for
Technological Research”
• Independent applied research center, fully owned by the Flemish government
• + 900 employees, 90 PhD students
• Sustainable Chemistry, Sustainable Land Use, Sustainable Health,
Sustainable Material, Sustainable Energy
EnergyVille:
• Collaboration on sustainable energy research between VITO, KU Leuven, imec
and UHasselt.
• + 400 researchers, 160 PhD students
EnergyVille/VITO: a few words

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
• A programme for funding and supervising international research on DHC under the
wing of the IEA.
• Was established in 1983
• Aims to improve the design, performance and deployment of district heating systems
• Current members: Austria, Belgium, China, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Norway, South-Korea, Sweden, UK, (USA: sponsor as of 2020)
• Members pay a membership fee based on its GDP and the share of district heating in
the country. Currently between $ 25,000 – $ 60,000 per year.
IEA DHC: What it is
slide 3

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
• Funds research projects in three-year cost share ‘annexes’
• Projects: 80% technically focused’; 20% policy focused
• Focus on reducing cost, improving performance & policy support
• Supervises
• IEA DHC task-shared Annexes
• The organisation of the International Symposium on DHC
IEA DHC: What it does

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
IEA DHC: Governance structure
1. IEA DHC Executive Committee (ExCo)
• Each member country has a country representative
• Takes decisions and steers the programme
• Two meetings a year
2. IEA DHC Chair (elected by ExCo)
• Leads the programme and initiates decision making
3. IEA DHC Operating Agent (elected by ExCo)
• Manages the programme, supports Chair and prepares decisions

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
• Member country:
• Can obtain international funding
• Obtains a close connection to the international DHC community
• Can influence research direction of international DHC research
• Researchers from the member country:
• Can apply for additional money
• Can extend their international collaboration
IEA DHC: Benefits for members

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
IEA DHC: Projects
1. IEA DHC cost-shared projects
• Only researchers from member countries
• Currently up to 200.000 USD per project funded by IEA DHC
2. IEA DHC task-shared Annexes
• Similar in effect to cost-shared projects concerning the outputs
• Only researchers from member countries can participate
• No funding by IEA DHC

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
IEA DHC: Results
• International answers to DHC questions, e.g. by
• reports
• software
• symposium
• Improved information exchange between member countries
• Research that is strictly supervised, monitored and reviewed to get a high
quality

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
1. Transformation roadmap from high to low temperature district heating
systems
2. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption by
optimising urban form for district energy
3. Smart use as the missing link in district energy development
4. Structured for success: governance models and strategic decision making
processes for deploying thermal grids.
Annex XI (2014-2017) – Finished projects

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
1. Effects of Loads on Asset Management of the 4th Generation District
Heating Networks
2. MEMPHIS - Methodology to evaluate and map the potential of waste heat
from industry, service sector and sewage water by using internationally
available open data
3. Integrated Cost-effective Large-scale Thermal Energy Storage for Smart
District Heating and Cooling
4. Stepwise transition strategy and impact assessment for future district
heating systems
Annex XII (2017-2020) – Finishing projects

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Themes:
• Theme 1: Decarbonisation and temperature reduction in DH networks
1.1: How to cost-effectively transform the system to low-carbon and low-
temperature?
1.2: How to balance the asynchrony between heating/cooling sources and
demand profiles, through flexibility and thermal storage?
1.3: How to make DH systems more sustainable, through solutions making
use of the demand side?
Annex XIII (2020-2023) – Call for proposals

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Themes:
• Theme 2: Improving the business case of DHC including the integration of
prosumers
2.1: How to improve the economic viability of new or existing DHC system,
through innovative cost-reduction strategies (CAPEX and OPEX)
2.2: How to bring together the investment world and the DHC world?
2.3: How to develop the market to allow the integration of prosumers or to
reach synergies with electricity markets?

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Themes:
• Theme 3: Digitalisation – systematic optimization of DHC in the era of big
data
3.1: How to improve planning, operation, maintenance of DHC, through
tools to help design and control DHC systems?
3.2: How to collect, manage and apply data for overall optimisation and
maintenance of DHC systems?
3.3: How to apply smart control and IOT in DHC systems?

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Submission conditions:
• Project budget: $ 100,000 - $ 200,000
• Total call budget: ~ $ 1,200,000
• Project teams should comprise at least 2 countries. More than 4 are not
recommended.
• Project duration up to 30 months, terminating not later than 30/4/2023
• Two stage proposals:
• Stage 1: deadline 28/2/2020. 2 page outline of your project.
• Stage 2: deadline 15/5/2020. Full proposal (12 p. max)

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
More information
• Dedicated website with all reports and information: www.iea-dhc.org
• 60+ public project reports from the previous annexes, available after
free registration
• Dedicated, closed sections as repositories for non-public information

Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
More information: country contacts
Belgium
Delegate:
Dirk Vanhoudt
EnergyVille/VITO
dirk.vanhoudt@vito.be
+32 14 33 59 74
Alternate Delegate:
Tijs Van Oevelen
EnergyVille/VITO
tijs.vanoevelen@vito.be
+32 14 33 51 52
Denmark
Delegate:
Lars Gulev
VEKS
lg@veks.dk
+45 4366 0366
Alternate Delegate:
Karsten Svoldgaard
Danish Energy Authority
kasv@ens.dk
+45 5167 4316

Questions?
Contact:
Dirk Vanhoudt
EnergyVille/VITO
+32 14 33 59 74
dirk.vanhoudt@vito.be
17

Green transition of
District Heating
Planning, Progres and Perspectives from Fjernvarme Fyn
Kim Winther, Head of Business Development
10 December 2019

General introduction to DK and Funen
2

Targets
• 70% carbon reduction in 2030
• 0% fossil energy in 2050
• Zero coal in energy sector by 2030
Regulation
• 3 offshore wind farms tendered (3*800 MW)
• Subsidies for biomass phased out
• Wind, solar and biomass to compete
• Electrification of heating sector
• Energy storage promoted
• New simplified tax on surplus heat
Targets and regulation in Denmark
3Source: Danish energy agreements

Gross energy consumption by type of energy 1990-2030 Final energy consumption by households for heating 2017-2030
• Gas incl. natural gas, gas works gas and bio-natural gas
• Other renewable energy incl. firewood,solar heating and
straw
High levels of renewables and district heating in Denmark
Status på kuludfasning4
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
PJ
Coal Oil Natural gas MSW (fossil share) Renewable energy
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
PJ
Oil Gas Wood pellets Electricity
Ambient heat District heating Other renewables
Source: Denmarks Energy and Climate Outlook 2019

Emissions of greenhouse gases by sector from 1990-2030 and in the 1990 UN base year [mill. tonnes CO2-eq.]
Electricity and districy heating are phasing out fossils
5
Source: Denmarks Energy and Climate Outlook 2019
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Mill.tonnesCO2-eq.
Transport Agriculture
Other Households
Industry and services Electricity and district heating
UN Base Year 1990 Actual emissions

x
6
https://ing.dk/artikel/taenketank-kystnaere-kraftvaerker-
boer-ombygges-med-varmepumper-214271
Thermal Power is going down –
wind turbines are going up
Green transition at the
central plants
• Phase 1 (2010-2020):
Large scale wood chips
and wood pellets
• Phase 2 (2020-2030):
Electrification (heat
pumps), natural gas,
surplus heat,
geothermal, etc.

District heating competing with individual solutions
kr. -
kr. 2.000
kr. 4.000
kr. 6.000
kr. 8.000
kr. 10.000
kr. 12.000
kr. 14.000
kr. 16.000
kr. 18.000
kr. 20.000
DKR/standardhouse
Benchmark - Heating costs for standard houses (Q2-2019)
[130 m², 18.1 MWh/year]
Fjernvarmeselskaber Varmepumpe Gasfyr
Træpillefyr Elvarme Oliefyr
• District heating are natural
monopolies but can compete
through benchmark
• Today only voluntary
benchmarks
• Future regulation could include
regulated benchmarks
• Individual heat pumps are
beginning to compete in most
areas
District heating companies
Individual Wood pellets Individual electric heat Individual oil boiler
Individual gas boilerIndividual heat pumps

 Synergies between large heat pumps, the thermal plants and a large heat storage
 Peak load supplied by gas on unit 7 (until 2029) as well as electric boilers
Future concept for district heat production in 2030
TBV: Tietgenbyens Varme Central (heat pumps near facebook)
EMV: Ejby Mølle Varme Central (heat pumps utilizing sewage sluge
Source: Fjernvarme Fyn
8
DecentralCentral

x
9
Districh heating will also have a future role:
• Carbon capture from MSW and biomass
• Process heat and surplus heat
• System integration (RES-power/heat/fuel/carbon)
Heat

Key facts about Fjernvarme Fyn
11
Targets:
Top 3 on lowest price
by
Competitive development and cooperation along with
automation and digitalization
Phase out coal by 2025
by
Stepwise installation of new technologies with synergies to
existing units and a high level of electrification
 Fjernvarme Fyn is a shareholders company owned by the municipalities of Odense and North Funen
 Annual turnover: 200 mio. Euro (Heat, electricity, waste incineration)
 285 employees
 First heat from CHP in 1929
Fjernvarme Fyn
Holding
Waste Distribution Production Service
Our legal structure includes entire value chain

 65.000 connections/ meters
 120 km transmission lines (80-90 °C)
 2200 km distribution lines (70-75 °C)
One of the worlds largest district heating grids
12

District heating competing with individual solutions
kr. -
kr. 2.000
kr. 4.000
kr. 6.000
kr. 8.000
kr. 10.000
kr. 12.000
kr. 14.000
kr. 16.000
kr. 18.000
kr. 20.000
DKR/standardhouse
Benchmark - Heating costs for standard houses (Q2-2019)
[130 m², 18.1 MWh/year]
Fjernvarmeselskaber Varmepumpe Gasfyr
Træpillefyr Elvarme Oliefyr
• District heating are natural
monopolies but can compete
through benchmark
• Today only voluntary
benchmarks
• Future regulation could include
regulated benchmarks
• Individual heat pumps are
beginning to compete in most
areas
District heating companies
Individual Wood pellets Individual electric heat Individual oil boiler
Individual gas boilerIndividual heat pumps

Heat production in 2018 and 2030
14
 Coal to be phased out by 2025 – allready down to ~220.000 t in 2019
 Electrical heat pumps will be a large part of future production mix
 Heat pumps will utilize surplus heat from Facebook, sewage sludge and ambient sources (air and sea)

 Synergies between large heat pumps, the thermal plants and a large heat storage
 Peak load supplied by gas on unit 7 (until 2029) as well as electric boilers
Future concept for district heat production in 2030
TBV: Tietgenbyens Varme Central (heat pumps near facebook)
EMV: Ejby Mølle Varme Central (heat pumps utilizing sewage sluge
16
DecentralCentral

17
Kilde: Fjernvarme Fyn
To be translated

Fjernvarme Fyn will have ~100 MW electric heat pumps by 2020
- and potentially another 100-150 MW before 2030
24
20
20
18
60
60
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
TBV1
(Facebook)
B8 flue
gas
TBV2
(Facebook)
B7 coolingEMV
(sewage
sludge)
FFA
cooling
Hospital
cooling
10
Heat
pumps
(ground
water)
Heat
pumps
(air)
Heat
pumps
(sea)
Heat
pumps
(gartners)
10 6
8
15
Established
Projected
Figure: Heat capacity (MW) electric heat pumps established (by 2020) and projected pumps (MW)

Facts about the heat recovery project
19
Facts:
 Data center owned and operated by Facebook
 Heat pump plant owned and operated by Fjernvarme Fyn
 Both facilities supplied by renewable energy
 100.000 MWh surplus heat ~ 6900 households
 2017: Investment decision
 2019/2020: Operation
Source: Facebook and Fjernvarme Fyn

Source: Fjernvarme Fyn 20
Facebook servers

x
21
Districh heating will also have a future role:
• Carbon capture from MSW and biomass
• Process heat and surplus heat
• System integration (RES-power/heat/fuel/carbon)
Heat

 Elkedlerne reagerer på lave elpriser (≈ høj VE-
andel)
 Elkedlen agerer som marginale enhed, hvorfor
varmen næsten lagres 1:1 i varmelageret.
 Varmepumper, elkedler og varmelagre vil
kunne balancere elsystemet og sikre
integration af fluktuerende elproduktion fra VE
 Samme ydelser og reaktionsevne som
batterier og HTES
- blot i endnu større skala, bedre virkningsgrad
og lavere omkostninger
Indblik i spidslasten
23
Kilde: Fjernvarme Fyn
Figur 1: Modelleret drift af elkedler, elspot og varmelager (januar til april 2030)
Figur 2: System virkningsgrad med elkedler og stort varmelager
To be translated

CFD model of a large energy storage (250 MJ/s from cold)
24

Load curve in 2030
09-12-201925
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
01.01.30
06.01.30
11.01.30
16.01.30
21.01.30
26.01.30
31.01.30
05.02.30
10.02.30
15.02.30
20.02.30
25.02.30
03.03.30
08.03.30
13.03.30
18.03.30
23.03.30
28.03.30
02.04.30
07.04.30
12.04.30
17.04.30
22.04.30
27.04.30
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Varmeeffekt[MJ/s]
FFA Blok 8 VP B8 VP FFA TBV EMV Fliskedel TBV3 Elkedler Naturgaskedler Varmebehov
Sea water heat pumps out
Temp < 1°C
Maintenance

Cluster Technology of
Wallonia Energy, Environment
and sustainable Development
1
Innovation &
réseaux de chaleur
Tendances en Wallonie et
dans le NWE
Innovation et réseaux de chaleur, tendances en
Wallonie et dans le NWE

Cartographie
des projets
Wallonie
• 50-60 réseaux de chaleur (hors
réseaux internes, X2)
•2/3 des réseaux < 1 km
•2/3 des réseaux < 1 MW
•la taille moyenne, 400 kWth
• +70 % des projets ont comme source
de chaleur la biomasse
•5 réseaux sont de forte puissance
(supérieure à 5 MW) et ont comme
source le gaz, de la chaleur fatale, la
géothermie et/ou un backup au gasoil
de chauffage.
•+ de 50 % des projets émanent du
public

Wallonie, exemple de projets
Malempré
(Coretec)
Bella Vita Waterloo (Veolia) ULiège (Engie)

Source PNEC
Objectifs chaleur verte en
Wallonie, 2030
Comparaison : si 1TWh via RdC (sur > 3,5 TWh en biomasse/géothermie)
500 X 250X 25X

Stratégie RdC
Potentiel
technique
Source

Potentiel : > 2 TWh en Wallonie
(T°>100°C)
Utilisations :
1) limiter la chaleur fatale
2) usage interne
3) usage externe (RdC, élec,...)
Zoom Chaleur fatale
Source : PWC, Deplasse, ICEDD
Source : ADEME
Potentiel
technique

Challenges
1 ) Planification / Optimisation / Design
Source : Comsof

Challenges
2) Augmentation du taux de CER dans les RdC & diminution du taux de CO2
+ impact cooling (renouvelable)
Evolution du bouquet énergétique
des réseaux de chaleur en France (SNCU 2017)
Evolution du contenu en CO2 des réseaux de chaleur en
France (SNCU 2017)
Sources de
district cooling

Challenges
3) Intégration des RdC dans les « Smart Energy Systems », « Multi-energy grids »,
“Renewable energy district”, “Local energy Communities”, “Thermal SmartGrid”
Whitepaper Transformation Swiss Energy System - Swiss
Competence Centre of Energy Research, Future Energy
Efficient Buildings & Districts

Challenges
1 ) Challenges non technologiques
•Concurrence des prix bas des carburants fossiles (non prises en compte de l’impact
CO2)
•Vision à court terme des investissements
•Besoin de nouveaux business models
•Procédures d’autorisation et d’octroi de permis floues/difficiles
•Effet défavorable sur le calcul de la PEB / Législation en retard
•Changement d’échelle (bâtiment vers quartiers/villes)
•Projet avec de multiples acteurs
•...

HeatNet NWE : a European project
on 4th generation district heating and
cooling

1. A transferrable HeatNet model;
2. Six living labs develop, test and
demonstrate through investments the
HeatNet model;
15,000 tonnes of CO2 saved per annum
Aberdeen (UK), Boulogne-sur-Mer (FR), Dublin
(IR), Heerlen (NL), Kortrijk (BE), Plymouth (UK)
Wallonia = Partner
3. Transition Roadmaps plan for roll out of
new technical, institutional & organizational
arrangements;
4. Promotion and fostering of the HeatNet
model in North-West Europe.
Objectives of the project

Source : Aberdeen Heat and Power
Aberdeen
Défi: lier un RdC
historique avec un
RdC de 4ème génération

Boulogne-sur-Mer
Défi 1) RdC sur 2 sites
séparés par une rivière
Défi 2 ) ajouter le froid

South Dublin
Défi 1) Inclure de nouveaux
consommateurs
Défi 2) Utiliser la Chaleur fatale d’un
Data Center

Heerlen
Défi : Smart management
& nouveaux business models
(via boost par pompes
à chaleur)
Source: Mijnwater B.V.

Source :
Eandis (2016)
Kortrijk
Défi 1 : planification par étapes
(géographique, timing,… )
Défi 2 : utilisation de chaleur
en excès

Plymouth
Défi 1) : RdC
Multi-Acteurs, Multi-besoins
(cascade de chaleur)
Défi 2) Froid

Questions - Réponses
Cédric Brüll
Directeur
cbrull@clustertweed.be
Rue Natalis 2 – 4020
Liège – Belgium
www.clustertweed.be
More information (HeatNet) :
http://www.nweurope.eu/projects/project-search/heatnet-transition-
strategies-for-delivering-low-carbon-district-heat/

Digitalisation & Smart Metering for more
efficient district heating systems
Heat in the city
Brussels, December 2019
Steen Schelle Jensen
Head of Product Management
Kamstrup A/S

Challenged by complexity … the future of district energy
District heating holds the potential to decarbonise
heating of buildings, which counts for 40% of the total
EU energy consumption
Increased energy efficiency and a fully optimised
system is necessary to support the green transition of
district heating
More sustainable
• More renewable energy and waste heat
• Sector coupling
More efficient
• Lower temperatures, reduce losses, run closer to limits
• Improve heat installations and take use of building flexibility
More profitable and competitive
• Lower operational cost (OPEX)
• Improved asset management (CAPEX)

New metering requirements in the revised Energy Efficiency Directive
• Heat meters installed after 25 October 2020 must be remotely readable
• All existing meters must be remotely readable 1 January 2027.
• Remotely readable is defined as reading the meter without physical
access to the buildings
• Data must be provided to the final customer at least 12 times per year
• Same requirements goes for final customers and final users, though
submetering is subject to technical feasibility and cost effectiveness
• The general criteria to determine technical non-feasibility and non-cost
effectiveness shall be clearly set out. No general exceptions will be
accepted

The digitial (R)evolution is here
Meters voor energiebesparing
Data for billing purposes
Improved and (energy)
efficient operations
and increased end-user engagement
Monthly
“Near time”
Daily
Yearly
“Real time”
Basic
Meter-to-Cash
Creating
additional
value
Hourly
You cannot optimise what you do not meassure!

The digital value chain from Kamstrup
You cannot optimise what you do not measure, but…
Unlocking the true potential in data requires the right tools to
turn it into knowledge you can act on
The digital value chain includes everything from the meter to
the communication, software and analytics.
The higher up you are in this chain, the more value your
system can create …
• Reduced operational costs
• Targeted investments
• Improved customer service
Analytics
(Heat Intelligence)
Transforms data into
knowledge you can act on.
Software
(READy Manager)
Allows for effective billing
and good customer service.
Broad range of
communication options
Enables efficient collection of
data.
World class meters
(MULTICAL®)
Provides the very foundation
for your business: data.

Digitalisation is good business
Assens District Heating, Denmark (100.000 MWh)
“Based on the continuous digitalization of our operations, we have actually been
able to lower the forward temperature by 6-8 degrees”
“We have been able to remove more than 100 bypasses around the network”
”By optimizing our network operations we have, over the last few years, saved
2,500-3,000 MWh – that’s approx. 2.5% – and reduced pipeline losses by 12%”

Sensors and data are already there … but how can we put data into play?
Smart meters fuels the digitalisation
Temperature and flow sensors in every
connected building
Provide valuable data that can tell something
about:
• end-user behaviour
• heat installations
• buildings
• distribution network
• …
Smart meters fuels the digitalisation
Temperature and flow sensors in every
connected building
Provide valuable data that can tell something
about:
• end-user behaviour
• heat installations
• buildings
• distribution network
• …

Kamstrup Heat Intelligence – creating SCADA for district heating distribution
• Heat Intelligence - one of the first commercial products
with the field of advanced analytics for district heating
systems
• Cloud based platform
• Full Data-driven model of what goes on in the
distribution network – without the need for additional
sensors
• Combines meter data with a digital GIS model of the
pipe network
• Creates a digital twin showing temperatures and flows
throughout the system (and soon also pressure)
• Can handle complex network structures with multiple
heat sources, ring connections, zones, mixing loops …
How Kamstrup can fulfil our dreams!
Prof. Sven Werner, Sweden
“Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems
have so far been absent for heat distribution networks.
When Kamstrup is now offering to provide future SCADA
systems for heat distribution based on all heat measurements
in substations, many old dreams can come true in district
heating systems”
How Kamstrup can fulfil our dreams!
Prof. Sven Werner, Sweden
“Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems
have so far been absent for heat distribution networks.
When Kamstrup is now offering to provide future SCADA
systems for heat distribution based on all heat measurements
in substations, many old dreams can come true in district
heating systems”

Heat Intelligence Example – building level

Digitalised District Heating
Digitalisering skaber
gennemsigtighed og
reducerer spild
Digitalisation creates transparency
and reduces losses
Because you cannot optimise what
you do not measure

Data could have located the leak
Search for leakages with Heat Intelligence
In the area around the leakage, the temperature pattern
changes significantly
In this case, the consumers downstream from the
leakage are marked blue due to temperatures lower than
expected
Based on data from Heat Intelligence, the first dig would
have been done between the blue consumers (with
deviations) and the consumers without deviations
The concrete repair of the broken pipe demonstrated
that instead of digging 4 places before finding the
leakage, 1 dig would have been enough as the leakage
was found exactly where Heat Intelligence indicated it
should be!
Search for leakages with Heat Intelligence
In the area around the leakage, the temperature pattern
changes significantly
In this case, the consumers downstream from the
leakage are marked blue due to temperatures lower than
expected
Based on data from Heat Intelligence, the first dig would
have been done between the blue consumers (with
deviations) and the consumers without deviations
The concrete repair of the broken pipe demonstrated
that instead of digging 4 places before finding the
leakage, 1 dig would have been enough as the leakage
was found exactly where Heat Intelligence indicated it
should be!

Heat Intelligence Example – high return temperatures
12

”Intelligent district heating”
… a joint development initiative that challenges technology providers
It is estimated that 50% of all heat installations in buildings perform
inefficiently – both in old and new buildings
Heat installations are increasingly complex, and the process of
troubleshooting is difficult
Building owners and facility managers often focus on fixing the problem at
hand – not on long-term performance optimization
There is a competence gap among professionals working with heat
installations
Think digital to be
able to scale!

The “Heat Assistant” prototype – a fully data-driven decision support tool removes the barriers and makes
troubleshooting easy and understandable
Yes! – data-driven troubleshooting can be done. 77% of the analyzed heat installations can be optimized
”Heat Assistant” prototype for heat installation performance monitoring
Collection of data
from heat
installations
Data is sent to
server
Data is processed
and diagnosis
made
Diagnosis appears
on application
The user is guided to
corrective actions

”Heat Assistant” prototype for heat installation performance monitoring
Domestic
hot water
buffer tank
Central
heating
+
+

Steen Schelle Jensen
Head of Product Management
ssj@kamstrup.com
Think forward!

17
GDPR and the rights to use data
for optimisation

GDPR and the legal foundation for frequent data
Do we need end-user consent to collect data?
Because smart meter data is personal data, processing it
raises the question of the need for individual customer
consent …
… especially when meters are read more frequently than
required for billing purposes and consumer information,
e.g. on hourly basis
Knowing that end-user consent is an administrative
burden
Knowing that lack of consent will have a negative effect
on the data-based optimisation – not just for a specific
building but also for the planning and distribution

The Danish interpretation of Article 6 of the GDPR
The Danish Energy Agency and Department of Justice has looked
into whether legal basis for processing smart meter data can be
found in Article 6 of the GDPR: Lawfulness of processing
They state that processing of personal data is lawful to the extent
that:
(e) processing is necessary for the performance of a task carried
out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority
vested in the controller;
(f) processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate
interests pursued by the controller or by a third party (…)
?

The Danish interpretation of Article 6 of the GDPR
In conclusion, the official Danish position states that
frequent data collection from heat meters can be
done without customer consent ..
… as long as the energy supplier uses that data either
in the interest of the public to save energy and
minimise energy losses, or for the legitimate purpose
of improving the energy efficiency of its operations
… may only take place if providers of smart metering
solutions also comply with the fundamental principles
set out in Article 5 on processing of personal data.

DHC+ Digital Roadmap – insights on how digitalisation impacts the industry
The Digital Roadmap provides a comprehensive
overview and nuanced insight into digitalisation
Describing digitalisation on six different levels:
• Production
• Distribution
• Building
• Consumption / end-users
• Design and planning
• Sector coupling
Describing state-of-art, objectives, recommendations
and barriers with digitalisation
Downloadable at the DHC+ Knowledge Hub:
https://www.euroheat.org/knowledge-hub/

1
Digitalisation & Smart
metering for more efficiency
district heating
13 novembre 2019
Ismaël Daoud
CEO Watt Matters srl
Brussels
Heat in the City
10th of December 2019
Brussels

2
Who’s Watt Matters ?
Ø Un bureau d’études qui finance et exploite des projets de transition énergétique
Ø Clients : 18 copropriétés et 2 pouvoirs publics.
Ø A Bruxelles uniquement, fondé en 2015
Ø Type de projets :
Ø Cogénération gaz naturel condensation
Ø Nouvelle chaufferie gaz condensation
Ø Pompes à chaleur
Ø Photovoltaïque
Ø Réseau de chaleur
Ø Chaudière pellets
Ø Isolation du toit
Ø Bornes de recharge voiture électrique
2
www.wattmatters.be

3
Exemple : GreenTivoli City
3

4
Green Tivoli City district heating
Ø 397 appartements (1/3 logements sociaux) – 2 crèches – 770 m2 de commerces
Ø 1 réseau de chaleur (80°C-60°C) – 5 sous-stations
Ø Appartements passifs (besoin en chaleur limité à 15 kWh/m2)
Ø Production d’eau chaude sanitaire dans l’appartement (échangeur ou boiler 100 litres)
Ø Chaufferie centralisée : une cogénération gaz naturel à condensation (140 kWé & 227
kWth) + une chaudière pellets de bois (250 kWth) + 3 chaudières gaz condensation (3 x
500 kWth).
ØDigitalisation : régulation générale Desigo (Siemens)
ØSmart metering : compteur de chaleur, gaz et électrique (chaufferie + sous-station +
appartements)
ØStart : avril 2019
4

5
Why a district heating ?
5
Single boiler District heating
Encombrement élevé
(400 chaudières individuelles, 400 tubages,
400 alimentations gaz naturel, 400
ventilations, 400 évacuation des
condensats…)
Compact
(1 réseau enterré, 1 chaufferie enterré, 1
cheminée, 5 sous-stations, 400 unités
individuelles…)
Prix du gaz élevé (faible volume)
50 à 70 €/MWh PCS all include
Prix du gaz faible (grand volume)
36.6€/MWh PCS all include
Prix de la maintenance élevé
150 €/an x 400 = 60 000 €/an
Prix de la maintenance faible
30 000 €/an
Efficacité modérée
Au moins cher et absence de suivi
Haute performance
Technologies efficaces + suivi régulation
Non flexible
Il faut changer 400 chaudières
Flexible
Il suffit de changer 1 équipement

6
Digitalisation district heating
6

7
7

8
8

9
9

10
10

11
Smart metering district heating
11

12
How to improveefficiencyin district heating
12
Ø Objectif : donner la quantité de chaleur juste nécessaire + réduire la température retour
Ø Gestion dynamique des débits et des températures VS gestion statique « tout à fond »
ü Température selon courbe de chauffe (°C extérieur)
ü Température selon priorité sanitaire (°C dans boiler sanitaire)
ü Débit variable selon la contre-pression (fermetures de vannes thermostatiques)
Ø Gestion intelligente des débits et des températures => Smart metering needed
ü Température selon l’écart de température (°C départ – °C retour)
ü Débit variable selon la puissance thermique demandée (kW)
ü Variation des moyens de production selon un historique de consommation (profil kW quart
horaire)
ü Insérer des tampons de chaleur (ballon d’eau chaude primaire)

13
How to improveefficiencyin district heating
13
Avant ballon tampon Après ballon tampon

14
14

16
Conclusions
16
Ø Les réseaux de chaleur modernes n’ont rien à voir avec les anciens réseaux de chaleur
Ø La technologie a fait un bon en avant : isolation des conduites enterrées, moyens de
production, régulation, distribution de chaleur, comptage…
Ø La complexité rend la centralisation plus efficiente qu’une multitude de chaudières
individuelles (confier votre énergie à des professionnels)
Ø Les économies de coûts d’un réseau de chaleur sont significatives (gaz naturel et
entretiens deux fois moins chers)
Ø La flexibilité d’un réseau de chaleur dans le temps aux nouvelles technologies et/ou
aux nouvelles réglementations de plus en plus contraignantes
Ø Les réseaux de chaleur sont incontournables pour réaliser la transition énergétique
(intégration aisée des énergies renouvelables et de la cogénération)

SMART ENERGY SYSTEM
OPTIMISATION WITH RENEWABLES
Pernille M. Overbye, Head of department, Ramboll Energy

• B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering Copenhagen & M.Sc. Thermal
Energy Cranfield University UK
• 1992 -> 10 years living and working in the UK
• 2002 -> Ramboll Denmark & Energy – always within
district energy
• 2005 – 2011 Building up district energy in the UK from
Copenhagen
• 2011 – 2014 Head of department in Copenhagen – focus on
our international projects
• 2014 – 2016 Managing Director Ramboll Inc. Canada
District Energy
• 2017 – ???? Head of department – District Energy planning
and infrastructure
PERNILLE M. OVERBYE - BACKGROUND

OUR VISION IS TO CREATE LIVEABLE CITIES WITH SMART SOLUTIONS FOR
THE CITIZENS

SMART ENERGY
Ensuring an efficient and stable integration
of fluctuating, renewable energy
• National power grid
• City-wide district heating grid
• Storage for CHP and RES
• City district cooling grid
• Storage and optimal cooling
• National natural gas grid
• Storage, CHP and small houses
• Buildings and other end-users
• Optimized building envelope
• Low temperature heating
• High temperature cooling
• Micro DC grid electronics
• Adjust consumption to dynamic prices

5
SUGGESTIONS FOR RENEWABLE HEAT SOURCES AND (SEASONAL) STORAGE
Individual solar heating
is 6 times more expensive than large scale
Underground water pit-storage

THE FUTURE DISTRICT HEATING – IS HERE NOW

GRAM CONSUMER-OWNED DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM
CASE 2 IN JRC STUDY REPORT ON EFFICIENT DH&C IN EU

GREATER COPENHAGEN DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM
CASE 1 IN JRC STUDY REPORT ON EFFICIENT DH&C IN EU

CASE:
Heat Pump for
heating and
cooling

HEAT PUMP FOR DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING
TAARNBY, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
4
COP
heat
3
COP
cool
Visualization: Ramboll

IN CONCLUSION
• It is important to focus on integrated solutions, including building envelope, building
installations, district heating and power system
• District heating is a natural part of the urban infrastructure in modern cities
• District heating is a precondition for efficient, flexible and cost-effective use of renewable
energy and CHP for urban heating, recovered low-temperature heat (industries, wastewater,
etc.) and not least waste-to-energy and wind
• District cooling is a natural part of the urban infrastructure in districts with sufficient cooling
load
• A stable energy policy since 1976, municipal planning and a tradition for co-operation in the
society have been important preconditions for CO2 emission reductions in Denmark

24-05-2018
RAMBOLL ENERGY SYSTEMS
THANK YOU
PMO@RAMBOLL.COM
+45 51 61 84 60

The role of cooperatives
and municipalities in
district heating
1ste Belgisch-Deens Warmtenetcongres, Brussel, 10/12/2019
Jan De Pauw, Ecopower & Bram Pauwels, BeauVent

Ecopower & BeauVent
• REScoop = Renewable Energy Sources cooperative
• Uniting citizens to invest in renewable energy production
and energy efficiency, and use their own energy
• International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) def & principles
• BV > 5.000 and EP > 50.000 members
• EP & BV : energy supply as a service to the members
• 1 share = 250 EUR

Comparing
Warmtenet Eeklo and
Warmtenet Oostende
2 Flemish district heating cases with energy cooperatives!

Timeline warmtenet Eeklo
• 2009: Eeklo tender windturbines - fixed fee & competition added value
• 2009: Ecopower offer including study DH on waste heat incinerator
• 2012: Core & Ecopower feasibility study DH positive
• 2016: Eeklo tender concession DHN – citizen participation
• 2016: IVM renewal environmental permit waste incineration
• 2018: Concession to consortium Ecopower & Veolia
• 2018-2019: project development
• masterplan 3 phases & 4 heat clusters
• Negotiations waste heat IVM
• Customers: contracting > 2/3 needed
• Request for subsidies (cfr Oostende & Antwerpen)
• Summer 2020: first heat delivered - cluster sports park & childcare & new apartments
• Autumn 2022: phase 1 DHN operational ?

Eeklo Phase 1
• 8 km trench length
• 23 GWh/y heat delivery to factories,
offices, hospital
• Low carbon heat from Waste to Energy
plant

Timeline Warmtenet Oostende
• 2013: waste heat study by POM WVL
• 2014 – half 2015: Eandis investigates project
• July 2015: City of Ostend gathers developers
• July 2015 – 2016: project development and contracting
• October 2016: BeauVent obtains permit
• 2016 – 2017: support from call restwarmte and STRES
• October 2017: start works
• September 2018: 11 million EUR support for long term development
• February 2019: first heat delivered to Daikin
• 2019: connection of industrial customers
• Summer 2020: further rollout in city
• 2025-2030??: gas grid is gradually phased out?

Oostende
• 5 km trench length
• 15 GWh/y heat delivery to factories,
offices, hospital
• Low carbon heat from Waste to Energy
plant

Warmtenet Eeklo Warmtenet Oostende
Bottom-up initiative of cooperative
leads to top-down approach of city
Top-down initiative of city
leads to bottom-up action of cooperative
Exclusive right to use public domain for
heat distribution (concession).
No exclusive rights on use of public
domain (easement on street level).
Natural monopoly + exclusive heat supply
contracts
Development security for investor Development risk for investor
District heating scheme is rolled out
according to the city’s preferences.
Everybody is free to install district heating.
No security that DH scheme is rolled out.
Contracting process with city is time
consuming.
No security that DH scheme is rolled out.
No time lost with contract between
developer and city.

Warmtenet Eeklo Warmtenet Oostende
Less favorable spatial context,
2/3 degree of affiliation needed
Favorable spatial context,
Cherry-picking of large existing heat users
Permit necessary for DH pipes on private
land, not on public domain
Permit necessary for DH pipes on private
land, not on public domain
Contract with heat source not included in
concession
Contract concluded with multiple waste
heat sources
Contract with city to provide municipal
buildings with low-carbon heat
No contract with city to provide municipal
buildings with low-carbon heat
Ecopower & Veolia consortium BeauVent
35% cooperative ownership 100% cooperative ownership
Covenant of mayors - DH is part of SEAP Covenant of mayors - DH is a surplus for
SEAP

Concluding remarks
• Cooperative DH initiatives and citizen participation = success factor!
• Make DH in your city part of SEAP - covenant of mayors!
• Low gas prices to compete: taxshift – carbon tax – tax on surplus heat?
• Low-carbon heat is neglected in Belgium
• District heating will not succeed in Belgium if initiative is left to investors only
• Vision on heat needed => phase-out of gas grid in urban areas
• Waste-to-Energy facilities are mostly connected, power plants not
• Industrial customers and other large heat users are stepping stones
• Focus on existing building stock

www.warmteneteeklo.be
www.warmtenetoostende.be
Thank you !

Heat in the City – 10 december 2019
Marktmodellen en
financiering van warmtenetten

Doel van marktordening
Bron: Eindrapport Marktordening Warmtetransportnetten, juni 2019.

De verschillende rollen in de warmteketen
Voorbeelden uit Nederland
3
Productie Transport Distributie Levering
Situatie I:
Eén speler in de warmteketen
Voorbeeld: Amsterdam
Situatie II:
Twee spelers in de warmteketen
Voorbeeld: Helmond
Situatie III:
Drie spelers in de warmteketen
Voorbeeld: Nijmegen
Vattenfall Nuon
Indigo B.V. Vattenfall Nuon
Eneco WarmteEneco DEP

Scope van een business case
4
Milieueffecten en
andere externe effecten Financiële inkomsten
en uitgaven
Business CaseMaatschappelijke
kosten en baten
analyse
Publiek perspectief Privaat perspectief
Economische
haalbaarheid
Financiële haalbaarheid

Ketenbrede uitdagingen
5
€
t
Kenmerk
1. Lange terugverdientijd
2. Subsidie-afhankelijkheid
3. Vollooprisico
4. Prijsrisico
A.Hoge ontwikkelkosten
B. Hoge voorinvesteringen
C.Hoge herinvesteringen
D.Warmte-inkoop risico
12
3 4
A
B
D
C

Businesscase per speler
6
1. Productie
Warmteproducent
2. Transport
Stedelijk warmtenet
3. Distributie & levering
Distributienet in de wijk & warmteleverancier
4. Afname
Eigenaar gebouw
bron,
aansluiting op terrein
verkoop warmte aan
energieleverancier
productiekosten,
verlies efficiëntie
€
t
aanleg netwerk
onderhoud
transport-vergoeding
€
t
distributie-leidingen,
aanpassingen bij aansluitingen
inkoop warmte bij energieproducent, opwaarderen
warmte, onderhoud, transportvergoeding
verkoop warmte aan afnemersAK€
t
€
t
AK,
aanpassing complex
Inkoop warmte
[vermeden kosten als inkomen]
warmtepomp / CV ketel

De lokale overheid is (niet) de ideale regisseur.
1ste stelling
7
2. Wet- en
regelgeving en
handhaving
3. Faciliteren
4. Initiëren en
organiseren
5. Bekostigen,
investeren of
financieren
Rol van
een
overheid
1. Beleid

Concurreren met fossiele brandstoffen is (te) moeilijk.
2de stelling
8

De opgave is groot maar niet onredelijk.
3de stelling
9

Maria-Theresialei 7
2018 Antwerpen
België
+32 3 293 86 44
info@rebelgroup.com
www.rebelgroup.com
erik.paquay@rebelgroup.com
Erik Paquay
Jakarta
Johannesburg
Rotterdam (HQ)
Nairobi
Londen
Mumbai
Düsseldorf
Washington DC
Manilla
Antwerpen
Amsterdam
+32 497 05 09 01

Heat in the City | Bruxelles - 10 décembre 2019

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Heat in the City | Bruxelles - 10 décembre 2019