Downloaded 56 times
![WHAT COOLER SIZE IS
NEEDED?
cubic feet needed=2.5[(max no. lbs cooled at
one time)+(max no. lbs stored at one time)]
one pallet of blackberries at 6
lbs/carton x 90 cartons per
pallett=254 lbs + store 1 pallet
=508 lbs x 2.5=1270 cubic feet
1270 cubic feet =12 x 12 x 9](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/postharvest-handling-of-berries-2013-va-130319101513-phpapp02/75/MAINTAINING-QUALITYPOSTHARVEST-KITS-AND-REFERIGERATION-FOR-BERRIES-15-2048.jpg)
More Related Content
Similar to MAINTAINING QUALITYPOSTHARVEST KITS AND REFERIGERATION FOR BERRIES
MAINTAINING QUALITYPOSTHARVEST KITS AND REFERIGERATION FOR BERRIES
- 1. MAINTAINING QUALITY- POSTHARVEST KITS AND REFERIGERATION FOR BERRIES Dr. Penelope Perkins-Veazie PHHI, NCSU VA 2010 NCRC, Kannapolis NC [email protected]
- 2. DIFFERENCES FROM OTHER CROPS • MUST BE ALMOST TO FULLY RIPE • MUST PICK INTO FINAL CONTAINER • NO WASHING • NO MECHANICAL SORTING • CONSUMERS EAT WITHOUT WASHING • RAPID COOLING AND COLD CHAIN CRITICAL
- 3. WHAT IS ACOLD CHAIN? -KEEP FRUIT AS COOL TO COLD AS POSSIBLE AT ALL STEPS MARKET LIFE ALL ABOUT COOLING, ESPECIALLY IN THE SOUTH
- 4. WHAT AFFECTS SHELFLIFE? POSTHARVEST • HARVEST SYSTEM • CONTAINER • RATE OF COOLING • STORAGE TEMPERATURE • RELATIVE HUMIDITY • TRANSIT TEMPERATURE
- 5. SMALL FRUITS • HATE TO BE WARM • LOSE WEIGHT • LOSE GLOSS • CHANGE COLOR • LOSE FLAVOR • GAIN MOLD
- 6. DISEASES • RHIZOPUS (LEAKYROT) >41 F • BOTRYTIS (GRAY MOLD) >32 F • ANTHRACNOSE >41 F
- 7. TEMPERATURE AND SHELFLIFE TEMPERATURE DAYS SHELF LIFE BLACKBERRY RASPBERRY 32 F 14-20 7-10 41 F 5-7 3-5 68 F 1-2 <1 IF DELAY COOLING: AFTER 2 H WILL LOSE 20% PER HOUR DELAY
- 8. To Cool to7/8 of field temp-32F (40F) FRUIT TEMP HRS TO COOL 80 8 60 4 Note that cooling is much faster when air is blown (1:8 ratio)
- 9. HOW TO GAINON COOLING • HARVEST IN COOL PART OF DAY (EARLY MORNING, LATE EVENING) • KEEP DIRECT LIGHT OFF FRUIT • MOVE INTO REEFER, PACK SHED, COOLER AS QUICKLY AS FEASIBLE
- 10. WAYS TO COOL •ICE CHEST PLUS GEL ICE • GOLF CARTS WITH SHADE OR IN BOXES • REEFER IN FIELD • MOVEMENT INTO COLD ROOMS FOR PRECOOLING
- 11. CONTAINER COOLING TOP COOLING ONLY CLAMSHELL CLAMSHELL WITH ROUND WITH SLITS HOLES NO VENTING, DEEP=HEAT BUILDUP
- 12. MASTER FLATS OR CARTONS TOP FLAT SIDES STACK VERTICALLY GUARD FORCED AIR VENTS TO AVOID WEIGHT LOSS MASTER WITH AIR VENTS
- 13. COOLING • ROOM/ REEFER COOLING • FORCED AIR COOLING
- 14. AMOUNT OF COOLERSPACE DETERMINE • REFRIGERATION LOAD AND • AMOUNT OF COMMODITY EXPECT 2.5 CUBIC FOOT SPACE PER LB OF FRUIT for cooling or for storage If both, will be 5 x lbs expected maximum load ONE PALLET= 12 x 12 x 9 FOOT COOLER
- 15. WHAT COOLER SIZEIS NEEDED? cubic feet needed=2.5[(max no. lbs cooled at one time)+(max no. lbs stored at one time)] one pallet of blackberries at 6 lbs/carton x 90 cartons per pallett=254 lbs + store 1 pallet =508 lbs x 2.5=1270 cubic feet 1270 cubic feet =12 x 12 x 9
- 16. TYPES OF COOLERS •SIZE DEPENDS ON ANTICIPATED HARVEST • REFRIGERATORS HAVE TOO MANY AIR EXCHANGES, TOO SMALL A VOLUME FOR EFFECTIVE COOLING/COLD MAINTENANCE • WALK IN COOLERS NEED TO BE WELL INSULATED TO PREVENT WARM AIR LEAKING IN AND HIGH LOAD ON COMPRESSOR
- 17. WALK IN COLDROOMS • STATIONARY • CONVENTIONAL ALUMINUM CLAD, 4 INCH THICK INSULATION • HOME BUILD WITH WOOD, INSULATION, WATERPROOFING OF WOOD TO PREVENT WATER LOSS FROM FRUIT, WOOD SWELL (MACROLITE SIDING) • SHIP CONTAINERS
- 18. REFRIGERATION • MECHANICAL WITHCOMPRESSOR, EVAPORATOR COILS, THERMOSTAT ETC • AIR CONDITIONER (SAME THING ON COMPRESSED SIZE) • CAN ADAPT AIR CONDITIONER TO REPLACE MECHANICAL FOR SMALLER GROWERS
- 19. COOLING ROOM DIAGRAM AL CHANNEL, SLIDING DOOR TRACK, FOAM, RUBBER SEAL STEEL OR AL FRAME SUPPORTS, 2 M CENTERS 10 CM METAL POLY U CLADDING, FOAM CAULKED DOOR EVAPORATOR UNIT 7.5 CM REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR SOLID 5 CM RUBBER LOWER SEAL CONCRETE SUB FLOOR
- 20. ROOM COOLING: ALLOW AIRMOVEMENT BETWEEN BOXES AND FLATS VENTS IN MASTER FOR AIR FLOW WITHIN CARTON
- 21. FORCED-AIR COOLING (TUNNEL) FORCES COLD AIR THROUGH DIRECTED PATHS IN BOXED FRUIT • CAN BE FIELD PORTABLE • ROOM PORTABLE • BUILT-IN
- 22. STORAGE AFTER COOLING •KEEP NEAR 32 F • KEEP RELATIVE HUMIDITY >90% • HOLD NO MORE THAN 2 DAYS ON SITE
- 23. DIRECT MARKET/FARMERS MARKET • IF SMALL VOLUMES: USE ICE CHESTS TO HOLD FRUIT NOT ON DISPLAY • PRECHILL ICE CHEST • USE GEL ICE WRAPPED IN PAPER TOWELS OR NEWSPAPER TO KEEP FROM MELTING • DON’T ALLOW DIRECT CONTACT OF ICE OR WATER WITH FRUIT
- 24. DYI REFRIGERATION • BUILDA BOX ON A FLATBED TRAILER • BUILD A BOX OUT OF WOOD AND INSULATION • BUILD A BOX FROM CONCRETE BLOCKS AND INSULATION • USE A CARGO CONTAINER AND ADAPT IT FOR COLD STORAGE SEE: STOREITCOLD.COM
- 25. AC UNITS: COOL BOT 10,000 TO 25,000 BTU ($300-600) NOT ALL BRANDS WORK-CHECK THE WEBSITE! http://www.storeitcold.com/
- 26. Pack n Cool •http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/agcomm/news- center/perspectives/n-c-states-pack-n-cool- provides-farmers-with-mobile-refrigeration- solution/
- 28. PRECOOLING • SEPARATE FROMCOLD ROOM IS BEST • MOVE FRUIT INTO PRECOOLING, BLOW OUT HEAT WITH FORCED AIR OR KEEP PALLETTS A FOOT APART TO CHANNEL COLD AIR • MOVE INTO COLD ROOM ONCE FRUIT AT DESIRED TEMPERATURE • ADD PLASTIC CURTAINS TO MINIMIZE WARM AIR EXCHANGE
- 29. CONDENSATION • GOING FROMAMBIENT TO COLD: • CONDENSATE FORMS WHEN MOVE FROM COLD TO WARM (WATER MOVES FROM WARM TO COLD)
- 30. WHAT TO DO? •IF SELLING QUICKLY (WITHIN A DAY) COOL TO 60 F SO DON’T GET CONDENSATION • REMEMBER THAT FRUIT ON OUTSIDE OF PALLET OR CARTON WILL BE 10 F COOLER THAN CENTER!!
- 31. CAN PLACE INPLASTIC BAGS OR WITH PLASTIC OVER FRUIT WHILE WARMING TO COLLECT CONDENSATE; ALLOW TO DRY BEFORE REMOVING PLASTIC
- 32. COLD CHAIN (CONT) •LOAD INTO REFRIGERATED TRANSIT AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE • UNLOAD INTO REFRIGERATED STORAGE QUICKLY • MEASURE/MONITOR TEMPERATURE AT EACH STEP AND DURING TRANSIT USING RECORDERS (STOW AWAY)
- 33. POSTHARVEST KIT • FUNDEDBY NARBA (NORTH AMERICAN RASPBERRY AND BLACKBERRY ASSOCIATION) • MOST PRODUCTS CAN BE PURCHASED FROM AMAZON, HARBOR FREIGHT, WALMART
- 34. CONTENTS • THERMOMETERS-COOLING ISTHE KEY • ANEMOMETER (MEASURES WIND SPEED FOR COOLING ESTIMATION) • SIZE MEASURMENTS (MASS, FRUIT GRADE) • REFRACTOMETER, PH PAPER (MEASURE FRUIT QUALITY) • CHLORINE PAPER TO MEASURE FREE CHLORINE IN WASH WATER
- 35. SOURCES OF INFORMATION BRAMBLEPRODUCTION GUIDE (CORNELL UNIVERSITY) NC BRAMBLE PORTAL http://www.ncsu.edu/enterprises/blackberries- raspberries http://www.georgiaorganics.org/forfarmers/cr opproduction/postharvest/WalkinCoolerConst ruction.pdf James Bartsch , Cornell, WALK IN COOLER 1986 Bull. No. 453
- 36. SOURCES-WEB SITES • NORTHCAROLINA STATE http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/ext ension/publicat/postharv/ • UNIV CALIFORNIA-DAVIS AND UC- KEARNEYSVILLE http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/ • http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu • USDA HANDBOOK 66 http://www.ba.ars.usda.gov/hb66/conte nts.html
- 37. postharvest.ucdavis.edu/Pubs/publications.shtml • Postharvest Technologyof Horticultural Crops publication 3311 (UC-davis) 2002 •Postharvest Technology for Small- Scale Produce Marketers: Economic Opportunities, Quality and Food Safety
- 38.
- 40. PICK FULL COLOR,FIRM, EASILY DETACHED BE GENTLE!