Major-Chickpea-Diseases and their management.pptx

Major-Chickpea-Diseases and their management.pptx

• 1.
  Major Chickpea Diseases
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  Ascochyta Blight: Symptoms Dark Spots Darkbrown spots appear on leaves, stems, and pods. Black dots (pycnidia) are visible in the center. Stem Breakage Stems may break, leading to plant collapse. Pods might not form seeds, reducing yield.
• 3.
  Ascochyta Blight: Spread& Condition Spread The disease spreads through infected seeds and plant debris. Wind and rain carry spores to healthy plants. Conditions Cool, wet, and cloudy weather favors disease development. High humidity accelerates its progression.
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  Ascochyta Blight: Impact& Management Impact This disease can cause up to 100% yield loss. It severely impacts chickpea production. Management Use resistant varieties and avoid infected seeds. Apply fungicides like chlorothalonil for control.
• 5.
  Rust: Symptoms &Spread Symptoms Small, round, reddish-brown pustules appear on the underside of leaves. Plants may dry up early in severe cases. Spread Rust spreads via wind-borne spores. It can survive on plant debris, leading to new infections.
• 6.
  Rust: Conditions &Management Favorable Conditions Moist weather and moderate temperatures promote rust development. It thrives in humid environments. Impact & Management Rust usually appears late in the season, so it is not very damaging. Use resistant varieties and sulfur- based fungicides.
• 7.
  Powdery Mildew: Symptoms Powdery mildewcauses white powdery patches on leaves. These patches later spread to stems and pods. Infected leaves turn yellow and eventually die.
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  Powdery Mildew: Spread& Impact Spread Airborne spores from infected plants spread powdery mildew. It can quickly spread across a field. Impact The disease reduces photosynthesis, leading to poor plant growth. This results in lower chickpea yield.
• 9.
  Fusarium Wilt: Symptoms& Spread Symptoms Plants wilt suddenly and die. Leaves droop but stay green initially, then turn yellow and dry. Stems show dark discoloration inside. Spread Fusarium wilt is a seed and soil-borne pathogen. It can persist in the soil for years.
• 10.
  Fusarium Wilt: Conditions& Managemen Conditions Warm, dry climates favor Fusarium wilt. Lack of crop rotation worsens its impact. Management Use resistant varieties and practice crop rotation. Avoid planting in fields known to be infected. This can prevent up to 100% crop loss.
• 11.
  Sclerotinia Stem Rot– Chickpea Causal organism: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Status: Minor disease, but can become severe under cool, moist conditions. Favorable Conditions: •Excessive vegetative growth •High soil moisture •Cool weather (~20°C) Symptoms: •Affects all growth stages •Drying of branches or whole plants •Rotting at collar or stem, with white mycelial strands •Gray lesions and internal black sclerotia inside stems
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  Management: •Avoid excess irrigation •Useerect varieties and wider spacing •Deep plowing to bury crop debris and sclerotia