[cssdevconf] Adaptive Images in Responsive Web Design

CHRISTOPHER SCHMITT

@teleject

ADAPTIVE IMAGES
IN RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN

CSS DEV CONF 2013

@teleject

CHRISTOPHER SCHMITT

@teleject

http://nonbreakingspace.tv/

@teleject

http://artifactconf.com/

WHY DON’T WE ASK
THE BROWSER?
(cc) ﬂic.kr/p/vUBHv

alert("User-agent header sent: " + navigator.userAgent);

Mozilla/1.0 (Win3.1)
http://www.useragentstring.com/


Mozilla/1.0 (Win3.1)
Mozilla/1.22 (compatible;
MSIE 2.0; Windows 95)


Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac
OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/
534.55.3 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Version/5.1.5 Safari/534.55.3


Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac
OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/
534.55.3 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Version/5.1.5 Safari/534.55.3
http://webaim.org/blog/user-agent-string-history/


http://telejec.tv/12uYOC4

FEATURE TESTING
vs. BROWSER SNIFFING

1
2
3

FEATURE TESTING

1
2
3

Browser width

A scripting approach
var myWidth = 0, myHeight = 0;
if( typeof( window.innerWidth ) == 'number' ) {
//Non-IE
myWidth = window.innerWidth;
myHeight = window.innerHeight;
} else if( document.documentElement &&
( document.documentElement.clientWidth ||
document.documentElement.clientHeight ) ) {
//IE 6+ in 'standards compliant mode'
myWidth = document.documentElement.clientWidth;
myHeight = document.documentElement.clientHeight;
}

http://www.howtocreate.co.uk/tutorials/javascript/browserwindow

The jQuery approach
// returns width of browser viewport
$(window).width();
// returns height of browser viewport
$(window).height();
// returns width of HTML document
$(document).width();
// returns height of HTML document
$(document).height();
http://api.jquery.com/width/ & http://api.jquery.com/height/

CSS media queries
// default, mobile-1st CSS rules devices go here
@media screen and (min-width: 480px) { ... }

BROWSER WIDTH
GIVES US FRAME,
NOT THE CANVAS

FEATURE TESTING

1

Browser width

2

Screen resolution

3

72

PPI

HAS SERVED US WELL

(cc) ﬂic.kr/p/6tjjRP

72 points-per-inch =
72 pixels-per-inch

72 points-per-inch
x [1+(1/3)]
= 96 PPI

“RETINA” DISPLAYS
300ppi at 12 inches from the eyes

goo.gl/zpkFy

78μm

78μm

“

[In 2013, Intel sees their
product line] oﬀer a higher
resolution experience than a
top-of-the-line 1080p HDTV.”

http://liliputing.com/2012/04/intel-retina-laptopdesktop-displays-coming-in-2013.html

RETINA DISPLAYS =
LARGER IMAGES,
LARGER FILE SIZES

FEATURE TESTING

1

Browser width

2

Screen resolution

3

Bandwidth

SPEED TESTS
HINDER SPEED,
USER EXPERIENCE
(cc) ﬂic.kr/p/4DziUN

“

Testing for speed of an
internet connection is like
stepping in front of a car to see
how fast it is.”


“

Testing for speed of an
internet connection is like
stepping in front of a car to see
how fast it is.”

“

But, Christopher, you only
have to test it once.”

Speed test image

https://github.com/adamdbradley/foresight.js

Speed test image

+50k

Native speed test
// @Modernizr's network-connection.js
connection = navigator.connection || {
type: 0 }, // polyﬁll
isSlowConnection = connection.type == 3
|| connection.type == 4
| /^[23]g$/.test(connection.type);

http://davidbcalhoun.com/2010/using-navigator-connection-android

IMG

GIMME THAT OLD SCHOOL

1
2
3

IMG


1
2
3

.htaccess

Filament .htaccess
# Responsive Images
# Mobile-First images that scale responsively and responsibly
# Copyright 2010, Scott Jehl, Filament Group, Inc
# Dual licensed under the MIT or GPL Version 2 licenses.
# //Start Responsive Images
RewriteEngine On
# direct image requests to temp
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} full=(.*)&?
RewriteRule (.*)rwd-router/.*.(jpe?g|png|gif|webp) $1%1 [L]
# ignore trap for non-image requests, rewrite URL without trap segment
RewriteRule (.*)rwd-router/(.*)$ $1$2
# //End Responsive Images

https://github.com/ﬁlamentgroup/Responsive-Images

Filament .htaccess
<script src="responsiveimgs.js"></script>
<img src="sample-content/running-sml.jpg?
full=sample-content/running-lrg.jpg" />

4+

8+

“

...the server has no way to
know what resolution the
client’s device is, so it can’t
send the appropriately sized
embeded images.”

http://mattwilcox.net/archive/entry/id/1053/

http://adaptive-images.com/

ADD .HTACCESS, JS,
PHP 5, GD lib*, &
THEN <IMG>

IMG


1

.htaccess

2

<picture> and/or srcset

3

media queries in HTML
<video controls>
<source type="video/mp4" src="video/windowsill_small.mp4"
media="all and (max-width: 480px), all and (max-device-width:
480px)">
<source type="video/webm" src="video/windowsill_small.webm"
media="all and (max-width: 480px), all and (max-device-width:
480px)">
<source type="video/mp4" src="video/windowsill.mp4">
<source type="video/webm" src="video/windowsill.webm">

</video>

http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/2012/03/15/polyﬁllingpicture-without-the-overhead/

<picture> patch
<picture alt="A giant stone face at The Bayon temple in Angkor Thom,
Cambodia">

<source src="small.jpg">

<source src="medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 400px)">

<source src="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)">

<noscript><img src="small.jpg" alt="A giant stone face at The Bayon
temple in Angkor Thom, Cambodia"></noscript>
</picture>

ADD IF-ELSE HTML, JS,
BORROW <VIDEO>, &
THEN <IMG>

@srcset standard?
<h1><img alt="The Breakfast Combo"
src="banner.jpeg"
srcset="banner-HD.jpeg 2x,
banner-phone.jpeg 100w,
banner-phone-HD.jpeg 100w 2x">
</h1>

http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/
embedded-content-1.html#attr-img-srcset

https://www.webkit.org/blog/2910/improved-support-forhigh-resolution-displays-with-the-srcset-image-attribute/

IMG


1

.htaccess

2

<picture> and/or srcset

3

HiSRC

Set, forget it HiSRC
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/
libs/jquery/1.7.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="hisrc.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$(".hisrc img").hisrc();
});
</script>
https://github.com/teleject/hisrc

Set, forget it HiSRC
<div class="hisrc">
<img src="halloween-mobile-1st.png"
data-1x="halloween-x1.png"
data-2x="halloween-x2.jpg"
alt="Celebrating Halloween in style" />
</div>

SERIES OF CHECKS TO
FIND OUT RESPONSIVE
PATH FOR IMAGES...

DO NATIVE SPEED
TEST FOR MOBILE
DEVICES FIRST...
http://davidbcalhoun.com/2010/using-navigator-connection-android

Check pixel density...
$.hisrc.devicePixelRatio = 1;
if(window.devicePixelRatio !==
undeﬁned) {
$.hisrc.devicePixelRatio =
window.devicePixelRatio
};
https://gist.github.com/2428356

Force speed test

+50k

LESS THAN 4G MEANS
MOBILE IMAGES LEFT
IN PLACE

BETWEEN 4G &
300 Kbps MEANS
REGULAR DESKTOP
IMAGES SWAPPED IN

FAST SPEED & HIGH
DENSITY, RETINA
IMAGES SWAPPED IN
https://github.com/crdeutsch/hisrc/tree/v2

http://css-tricks.com/whichresponsive-images-solutionshould-you-use/

24+

ALL SOLUTIONS HAVE
2x HTTP REQUESTS
+ JAVASCRIPT

WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS in CONTEXT

1
2
3
(cc) ﬂic.kr/p/64fGf6

WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS

1

background-size: 100%

2
3

<a href="example.com/link">Download on Github</a>
.download a {
padding: .095em .8em;
background: url(../img/arrow.png) no-repeat;
background-size: 100%;
margin-left: .4em;
-webkit-transition: margin 0.15s ease-out;
-moz-transition: margin 0.15s ease-out;
text-decoration: none;
}

17+

9+

11.6+

5+

9+

WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS in CONTEXT

1

background-size: auto

2

SVG

3

Native SVG

http://caniuse.com/#search=SVG%20in%20HTML%20img%20element

PNG 16kb
SVG 7kb
17+

9+

11.6+

5+

9+

http://petercollingridge.appspot.com/svg-optimiser

https://github.com/svg/svgo-gui

Modernizr check
if(!Modernizr.svg){
var images =
document.getElementsByTagName("img");
for(var i = 0; i < images.length; i++){
var src = images[i].src.split(".");
images[i].src = src[0] + ".png";
}
}
http://stackoverﬂow.com/questions/12846852/
svg-png-extension-switch

WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS in CONTEXT

1

background-size: auto

2

SVG

3

font-based solutions

“

...if you use <meta
charset="utf-8"> (you should
be for HTML5), you’re adding
common Unicode characters
like and ✆, and you don’t
need a speciﬁc font’s version...
just copy and paste them into
your HTML.”

Font-based RWD

http://ilovetypography.com/2012/04/11/designing-type-systems/

Font-based RWD

avg file size
40kb/per font
http://ilovetypography.com/2012/04/11/designing-type-systems/

http://css-tricks.com/examples/IconFont/

http://fontello.com/

http://icomoon.io

Font-based icons
<style>
[data-icon]:before {
font-family: 'icon-font';
content: attr(data-icon);
}
</style>
<a href="http://example.com/cloud/save/">
<span data-icon="C" aria-hidden="true"></span>
Save to Cloud
</a>

WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS in CONTEXT

1


2

SVG

3

font-based solutions

4

compressed JPEGs


OS X Lion
The world’s most advanced desktop
operating system advances even further.
With over 250 new features including
Multi-Touch gestures, Mission Control,
full-screen apps, and Launchpad, OS X
Lion takes the Mac further than ever.

Learn More

iCloud

iOS 5

OSX Lion

iPad 2

iPhone

!

OS X Lion

"


←

↑

Learn More

iCloud

iOS 5

OSX Lion

iPad 2

iPhone

!

↙

OS X Lion

"


← ←

↑

↖

↑

↗

↖

Learn More

iCloud

iOS 5

OSX Lion

iPad 2

iPhone

446kb < 8,755.2kb
0% vs 100%

<picture> Patch
<picture alt="A giant stone face at The Bayon temple in Angkor Thom,
Cambodia">

<source src="small.jpg">

<source src="medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 400px)">

<source src="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)">

<noscript><img src="small.jpg" alt="A giant stone face at The Bayon
temple in Angkor Thom, Cambodia"></noscript>
</picture>

Size Type

Dimensions

Display Px Density

File Size

Extreme

2276x1400

1x & 2x

446kb

1024x1536

2x

1,745kb

512x768

1x

503kb

640x960

2x

746kb

320x480

1x

223kb

500x750

2x

485kb

250x375

1x

145kb

Extra
Large

Large

Medium

One Image, One IMG

<img src="rock-climber.jpg" alt="" />

EXTREMELY

COMPRESSED PROBLEMS


COMBO MOVES

CLOWN CAR TECHNIQUE
+ HIGHLY COMPRESSED JPEGS


http://coding.smashingmagazine.com/2013/06/02/clowncar-technique-solving-for-adaptive-images-in-responsiveweb-design/

Combo Move: SVG
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0
375 231" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet"
tabindex="-1"
aria-label="the aria label is being read" role="img"
title="the title attribute of the SVG is being read">
<style>
</style>
</svg>
http://codepen.io/teleject/pen/KlzBe

Combo Move: SVG
svg {
background-size: 100% 100%;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}


svg {
background-size: 100% 100%;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
svg {
background-image: url("http://s.cdpn.io/168/picMedium-375x231-@1x-72ppi.jpg"); outline: green solid
5px;
}
}

Combo Move:
Compressed JPEG
@media screen and (min-width: 401px),
screen and (max-width: 800px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixelratio: 1.75) {
svg {
background-image: url("extremely-highlycompressed.jpg");
outline: red solid 5px;
}
}


svg {
width: 375px;
height: 231px; } }
@media screen and (min-width: 401px) {
svg {
width: 750px;
height: 462px; } }
svg {
outline: 5px solid black; }

COMBO MOVE

DON’T BLAME THE PLAYER

1

No additional HTTP request

2

# of images = 2

3

No JavaScript

IMG

GIMME THAT NEW SCHOOL

1
2
3
#rwdimg

IMG


1

simple design for users

2
3
#rwdimg

IMG


1


2

browser, server handshake

3
#rwdimg

IMG


1


2

browser, server handshake

3

same, several formats
#rwdimg

Favicon

<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/favicon.ico" />

#rwdimg

Mobile iOS Bookmarks
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144"
href="apple-touch-icon-144x144-precomposed.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed"
href="apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png" />

#rwdimg

THANK YOU!
CHRISTOPHER SCHMITT

@teleject

The Non Breaking Space Podcast - http://nonbreakingspace.tv/

[cssdevconf] Adaptive Images in Responsive Web Design

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[cssdevconf] Adaptive Images in Responsive Web Design