Android源码分析理解Refbase

baiiu

已于 2023-12-13 15:07:24 修改

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分类专栏： Android、Java、性能优化等文章标签： android

于 2023-12-13 15:02:06 首次发布

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本文详细介绍了Android中的RefBase类以及sp和wp（强引用和弱引用）的概念，通过实例展示了它们如何配合使用以管理对象的生命周期和内存回收。

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前言

最近解决稳定性问题，遇到sp问题，本文就简单梳理RefBase和sp、wp下。

RefBase

RefBase是Android中所有对象的始祖，类似于MFC中的CObject及Java中的Object对象。在Android中，RefBase结合sp和wp，实现了一套通过引用计数的方法来控制对象生命周期的机制。

sp的意思应该是strong pointer，而wp则是weak pointer的意思。Android推出这一套机制可能是模仿Java，因为Java世界中有所谓weak reference之类的东西。sp和wp的目的，就是为了帮助健忘的程序员回收new出来的内存。

// 类A继承自RefBase
class A : RefBase {
}

int main{
    A *pa = new A();
    {
        sp<A> spA(pa);
        wp<A> wpA(pa);
        // 大括号结束后，析构wp和sp
    }
    return 0;
}

RefBase

system/core/include/utils/RefBase.h
system/core/libutils/RefBase.cpp

class RefBase
{
public:
            void            incStrong(const void* id) const;
            void            decStrong(const void* id) const;
            void            forceIncStrong(const void* id) const;
            int32_t         getStrongCount() const;

    class weakref_type
    {
    public:
        RefBase*            refBase() const;
        void                incWeak(const void* id);
        void                decWeak(const void* id);
        bool                attemptIncStrong(const void* id);
    };

            weakref_type*   createWeak(const void* id) const;
            weakref_type*   getWeakRefs() const;

protected:
                            RefBase();
    virtual                 ~RefBase();

    //! Flags for extendObjectLifetime()
    enum {
        OBJECT_LIFETIME_STRONG  = 0x0000,
        OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK    = 0x0001,
        OBJECT_LIFETIME_MASK    = 0x0001
    };

            void            extendObjectLifetime(int32_t mode);

    //! Flags for onIncStrongAttempted()
    enum {
        FIRST_INC_STRONG = 0x0001
    };

    virtual void            onFirstRef();
    virtual void            onLastStrongRef(const void* id);
    virtual bool            onIncStrongAttempted(uint32_t flags, const void* id);
    virtual void            onLastWeakRef(const void* id);

private:
    friend class weakref_type;
    class weakref_impl;
    RefBase(const RefBase& o);
    RefBase&operator=(const RefBase& o);
    weakref_impl* const mRefs;
};

创建RefBase时同时创建影子对象weakref_impl，名为mRefs。
mRefs是引用计数管理的关键类，它是从RefBase的内部类weakref_type中派生出来的(继承)。

class RefBase::weakref_impl : public RefBase::weakref_type
{
public:
    std::atomic<int32_t>    mStrong;
    std::atomic<int32_t>    mWeak;
    RefBase* const          mBase;
    std::atomic<int32_t>    mFlags;

    weakref_impl(RefBase* base)
        : mStrong(INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE)
        , mWeak(0)
        , mBase(base) // 实际对象
        , mFlags(0)
    {
    }
    ...
}

// 构造函数，会同时创建其内部类(影子对象)weakref_impl
RefBase::RefBase()
    : mRefs(new weakref_impl(this))
{
}

// 强引用+1
void RefBase::incStrong(const void* id) const
{
    weakref_impl* const refs = mRefs;
    refs->incWeak(id);
    
    refs->addStrongRef(id);
    const int32_t c = refs->mStrong.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
    ALOG_ASSERT(c > 0, "incStrong() called on %p after last strong ref", refs);
#if PRINT_REFS
    ALOGD("incStrong of %p from %p: cnt=%d\n", this, id, c);
#endif
    if (c != INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE)  {
        return;
    }

    int32_t old = refs->mStrong.fetch_sub(INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE,
            std::memory_order_relaxed);
    // A decStrong() must still happen after us.
    ALOG_ASSERT(old > INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE, "0x%x too small", old);
    refs->mBase->onFirstRef();
}

// 强引用-1
void RefBase::decStrong(const void* id) const
{
    weakref_impl* const refs = mRefs;
    refs->removeStrongRef(id);
    const int32_t c = refs->mStrong.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_release);
#if PRINT_REFS
    ALOGD("decStrong of %p from %p: cnt=%d\n", this, id, c);
#endif
    ALOG_ASSERT(c >= 1, "decStrong() called on %p too many times", refs);
    if (c == 1) {
        std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acquire);
        refs->mBase->onLastStrongRef(id);
        int32_t flags = refs->mFlags.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
        if ((flags&OBJECT_LIFETIME_MASK) == OBJECT_LIFETIME_STRONG) {
            delete this;
            // Since mStrong had been incremented, the destructor did not
            // delete refs.
        }
    }
    // Note that even with only strong reference operations, the thread
    // deallocating this may not be the same as the thread deallocating refs.
    // That's OK: all accesses to this happen before its deletion here,
    // and all accesses to refs happen before its deletion in the final decWeak.
    // The destructor can safely access mRefs because either it's deleting
    // mRefs itself, or it's running entirely before the final mWeak decrement.
    refs->decWeak(id);
}

sp

frameworks/rs/cpp/util/StrongPointer.h

template <typename T>
class sp
{
public:
    inline sp() : m_ptr(0) { }

    sp(T* other);
    sp(const sp<T>& other);
    template<typename U> sp(U* other);
    template<typename U> sp(const sp<U>& other);

    ~sp();

    // Assignment

    sp& operator = (T* other);
    sp& operator = (const sp<T>& other);

    template<typename U> sp& operator = (const sp<U>& other);
    template<typename U> sp& operator = (U* other);

    //! Special optimization for use by ProcessState (and nobody else).
    void force_set(T* other);

    // Reset

    void clear();

    // Accessors

    inline  T&      operator* () const  { return *m_ptr; }
    inline  T*      operator-> () const { return m_ptr;  }
    inline  T*      get() const         { return m_ptr; }

    // Operators

    COMPARE(==)
    COMPARE(!=)
    COMPARE(>)
    COMPARE(<)
    COMPARE(<=)
    COMPARE(>=)

private:
    template<typename Y> friend class sp;
    template<typename Y> friend class wp;
    void set_pointer(T* ptr);
    T* m_ptr;
};

template<typename T>
sp<T>::sp(T* other)
: m_ptr(other)
  {
    if (other) other->incStrong(this);
  }

template<typename T>
sp<T>::~sp()
{
    if (m_ptr) m_ptr->decStrong(this);
}

wp

template <typename T>
class wp
{
public:
    typedef typename RefBase::weakref_type weakref_type;
    
    inline wp() : m_ptr(0) { }

    wp(T* other);
    wp(const wp<T>& other);
    wp(const sp<T>& other);
    template<typename U> wp(U* other);
    template<typename U> wp(const sp<U>& other);
    template<typename U> wp(const wp<U>& other);

    ~wp();
    
    // Assignment

    wp& operator = (T* other);
    wp& operator = (const wp<T>& other);
    wp& operator = (const sp<T>& other);
    
    template<typename U> wp& operator = (U* other);
    template<typename U> wp& operator = (const wp<U>& other);
    template<typename U> wp& operator = (const sp<U>& other);
    
    void set_object_and_refs(T* other, weakref_type* refs);

    // promotion to sp
    
    sp<T> promote() const;

    // Reset
    
    void clear();

    // Accessors
    
    inline  weakref_type* get_refs() const { return m_refs; }
    
    inline  T* unsafe_get() const { return m_ptr; }

    // Operators

    COMPARE_WEAK(==)
    COMPARE_WEAK(!=)
    COMPARE_WEAK(>)
    COMPARE_WEAK(<)
    COMPARE_WEAK(<=)
    COMPARE_WEAK(>=)

    inline bool operator == (const wp<T>& o) const {
        return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) && (m_refs == o.m_refs);
    }
    template<typename U>
    inline bool operator == (const wp<U>& o) const {
        return m_ptr == o.m_ptr;
    }

    inline bool operator > (const wp<T>& o) const {
        return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) ? (m_refs > o.m_refs) : (m_ptr > o.m_ptr);
    }
    template<typename U>
    inline bool operator > (const wp<U>& o) const {
        return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) ? (m_refs > o.m_refs) : (m_ptr > o.m_ptr);
    }

    inline bool operator < (const wp<T>& o) const {
        return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) ? (m_refs < o.m_refs) : (m_ptr < o.m_ptr);
    }
    template<typename U>
    inline bool operator < (const wp<U>& o) const {
        return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) ? (m_refs < o.m_refs) : (m_ptr < o.m_ptr);
    }
                         inline bool operator != (const wp<T>& o) const { return m_refs != o.m_refs; }
    template<typename U> inline bool operator != (const wp<U>& o) const { return !operator == (o); }
                         inline bool operator <= (const wp<T>& o) const { return !operator > (o); }
    template<typename U> inline bool operator <= (const wp<U>& o) const { return !operator > (o); }
                         inline bool operator >= (const wp<T>& o) const { return !operator < (o); }
    template<typename U> inline bool operator >= (const wp<U>& o) const { return !operator < (o); }

private:
    template<typename Y> friend class sp;
    template<typename Y> friend class wp;

    T*              m_ptr;
    weakref_type*   m_refs;
};




template<typename T>
wp<T>::wp(T* other)
    : m_ptr(other)
{
    if (other) m_refs = other->createWeak(this);
}


template<typename T>
sp<T> wp<T>::promote() const
{
    sp<T> result;
    if (m_ptr && m_refs->attemptIncStrong(&result)) {
        result.set_pointer(m_ptr);
    }
    return result;
}