Java Record 的一些思考 - 序列化相关,2024年最新java敏捷开发模式面试题

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正文

private final int id;

private final int sex;

private final int age;

}

public record UserRecord(int id, int sex, int age) implements Serializable {

}

复制代码

执行代码,读取 UserClass 的时候就会报错,这也是符合预期的。将 UserClass 的字段恢复,重新执行代码,发现成功:

UserClass(id=1, age=-1)

UserRecord[id=2, sex=0, age=-1]

复制代码

也就是说,Record 是默认兼容字段变多的反序列化的

最后测试一下 Record 的 field 类型如果变了呢:

public record UserRecord(int id, Integer age) implements Serializable {

}

复制代码

执行代码发现失败,因为类型不匹配了(就算是包装类也不行):

UserClass(id=1, age=-1)

Exception in thread “main” java.io.InvalidClassException: UserRecord; incompatible types for field age

at java.base/java.io.ObjectStreamClass.matchFields(ObjectStreamClass.java:2391)

at java.base/java.io.ObjectStreamClass.getReflector(ObjectStreamClass.java:2286)

at java.base/java.io.ObjectStreamClass.initNonProxy(ObjectStreamClass.java:788)

at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readNonProxyDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:2060)

at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readClassDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1907)

at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:2209)

at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1742)

at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:514)

at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:472)

at DeSerializationTest.main(DeSerializationTest.java:13)

复制代码

一些主流的序列化框架的兼容

=============

由于 Record 限制了序列化与反序列化的唯一方式,所以其实兼容起来很简单,比起 Java Class 改个结构,加个特性导致的序列化框架更改来说还要简单。

这三个框架中实现对于 Record 的兼容思路都很类似,也比较简单,即:

  1. 实现一个针对 Record 的专用的 Serializer 以及Deserializer。

  2. 通过反射(Java Reflection)或者句柄(Java MethodHandle)验证当前版本的 Java 是否支持 Record,以及获取 Record 的规范构造函数(canonical constructor)以及各种 field 的 getter 进行反序列化和序列化。给大家两个工具类进行参考,分别是使用反射(Java Reflection)和句柄(Java MethodHandle)实现:

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.Comparator;

import common.RecComponent;

/**

  • Utility methods for record serialization, using Java Core Reflection.

*/

public class ReflectUtils {

private static final Method IS_RECORD;

private static final Method GET_RECORD_COMPONENTS;

private static final Method GET_NAME;

private static final Method GET_TYPE;

static {

Method isRecord;

Method getRecordComponents;

Method getName;

Method getType;

try {

// reflective machinery required to access the record components

// without a static dependency on Java SE 14 APIs

Class<?> c = Class.forName(“java.lang.reflect.RecordComponent”);

isRecord = Class.class.getDeclaredMethod(“isRecord”);

getRecordComponents = Class.class.getMethod(“getRecordComponents”);

getName = c.getMethod(“getName”);

getType = c.getMethod(“getType”);

} catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchMethodException e) {

// pre-Java-14

isRecord = null;

getRecordComponents = null;

getName = null;

getType = null;

}

IS_RECORD = isRecord;

GET_RECORD_COMPONENTS = getRecordComponents;

GET_NAME = getName;

GET_TYPE = getType;

}

/** Returns true if, and only if, the given class is a record class. */

static boolean isRecord(Class<?> type) {

try {

return (boolean) IS_RECORD.invoke(type);

} catch (Throwable t) {

throw new RuntimeException(“Could not determine type (” + type + “)”);

}

}

/**

  • Returns an ordered array of the record components for the given record

  • class. The order is imposed by the given comparator. If the given

  • comparator is null, the order is that of the record components in the

  • record attribute of the class file.

*/

static RecComponent[] recordComponents(Class type,

Comparator comparator) {

try {

Object[] rawComponents = (Object[]) GET_RECORD_COMPONENTS.invoke(type);

RecComponent[] recordComponents = new RecComponent[rawComponents.length];

for (int i = 0; i < rawComponents.length; i++) {

final Object comp = rawComponents[i];

recordComponents[i] = new RecComponent(

(String) GET_NAME.invoke(comp),

(Class<?>) GET_TYPE.invoke(comp), i);

}

if (comparator != null) Arrays.sort(recordComponents, comparator);

return recordComponents;

} catch (Throwable t) {

throw new RuntimeException(“Could not retrieve record components (” + type.getName() + “)”);

}

}

/** Retrieves the value of the record component for the given record object. */

static Object componentValue(Object recordObject,

RecComponent recordComponent) {

try {

Method get = recordObject.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(recordComponent.name());

return get.invoke(recordObject);

} catch (Throwable t) {

throw new RuntimeException(“Could not retrieve record components (”

  • recordObject.getClass().getName() + “)”);

}

}

/**

  • Invokes the canonical constructor of a record class with the

  • given argument values.

*/

static T invokeCanonicalConstructor(Class recordType,

RecComponent[] recordComponents,

Object[] args) {

try {

Class<?>[] paramTypes = Arrays.stream(recordComponents)

.map(RecComponent::type)

.toArray(Class<?>[]::new);

Constructor canonicalConstructor = recordType.getConstructor(paramTypes);

return canonicalConstructor.newInstance(args);

} catch (Throwable t) {

throw new RuntimeException(“Could not construct type (” + recordType.getName() + “)”);

}

}

}

复制代码

package invoke;

import common.RecComponent;

import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;

import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;

import java.lang.reflect.Array;

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.Comparator;

import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.methodType;

/**

  • Utility methods for record serialization, using MethodHandles.

*/

public class InvokeUtils {

private static final MethodHandle MH_IS_RECORD;

private static final MethodHandle MH_GET_RECORD_COMPONENTS;

private static final MethodHandle MH_GET_NAME;

private static final MethodHandle MH_GET_TYPE;

private static final MethodHandles.Lookup LOOKUP;

static {

MethodHandle MH_isRecord;

MethodHandle MH_getRecordComponents;

MethodHandle MH_getName;

MethodHandle MH_getType;

LOOKUP = MethodHandles.lookup();

try {

// reflective machinery required to access the record components

// without a static dependency on Java SE 14 APIs

Class<?> c = Class.forName(“java.lang.reflect.RecordComponent”);

MH_isRecord = LOOKUP.findVirtual(Class.class, “isRecord”, methodType(boolean.class));

MH_getRecordComponents = LOOKUP.findVirtual(Class.class, “getRecordComponents”,

methodType(Array.newInstance(c, 0).getClass()))

.asType(methodType(Object[].class, Class.class));

MH_getName = LOOKUP.findVirtual(c, “getName”, methodType(String.class))

.asType(methodType(String.class, Object.class));

MH_getType = LOOKUP.findVirtual(c, “getType”, methodType(Class.class))

.asType(methodType(Class.class, Object.class));

} catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchMethodException e) {

// pre-Java-14

MH_isRecord = null;

MH_getRecordComponents = null;

MH_getName = null;

MH_getType = null;

} catch (IllegalAccessException unexpected) {

throw new AssertionError(unexpected);

}

MH_IS_RECORD = MH_isRecord;

MH_GET_RECORD_COMPONENTS = MH_getRecordComponents;

MH_GET_NAME = MH_getName;

MH_GET_TYPE = MH_getType;

}

/** Returns true if, and only if, the given class is a record class. */

static boolean isRecord(Class<?> type) {

try {

return (boolean) MH_IS_RECORD.invokeExact(type);

} catch (Throwable t) {

throw new RuntimeException(“Could not determine type (” + type + “)”);

}

}

/**

  • Returns an ordered array of the record components for the given record

  • class. The order is imposed by the given comparator. If the given

  • comparator is null, the order is that of the record components in the

  • record attribute of the class file.

*/

static RecComponent[] recordComponents(Class type,

Comparator comparator) {

try {

Object[] rawComponents = (Object[]) MH_GET_RECORD_COMPONENTS.invokeExact(type);

RecComponent[] recordComponents = new RecComponent[rawComponents.length];

for (int i = 0; i < rawComponents.length; i++) {

final Object comp = rawComponents[i];

recordComponents[i] = new RecComponent(

(String) MH_GET_NAME.invokeExact(comp),

(Class<?>) MH_GET_TYPE.invokeExact(comp), i);

}

if (comparator != null) Arrays.sort(recordComponents, comparator);

return recordComponents;

} catch (Throwable t) {

throw new RuntimeException(“Could not retrieve record components (” + type.getName() + “)”);

}

}

/** Retrieves the value of the record component for the given record object. */

static Object componentValue(Object recordObject,

RecComponent recordComponent) {

try {

MethodHandle MH_get = LOOKUP.findVirtual(recordObject.getClass(),

recordComponent.name(),

methodType(recordComponent.type()));

return (Object) MH_get.invoke(recordObject);

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