【论文阅读笔记】Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluation

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-24 23:03:06 发布
最新推荐文章于 2025-08-24 23:03:06 发布
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文章目录

Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluation

一、论文基本信息

1. 文章标题

Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluation

2. 所属刊物/会议

arXiv:2308.15363v4 [cs.DB]

3. 发表年份

2023

4. 作者列表

Dawei Gao、Haibin Wang、Yaliang Li、Xiuyu Sun、Yichen Qian、Bolin Ding、Jingren Zhou

5. 发表单位

阿里巴巴集团

二、摘要

本文系统地评估了基于大型语言模型（LLMs）的Text-to-SQL任务，提出了一个新的集成解决方案DAIL-SQL，该方案在Spider排行榜上以86.6%的执行准确率刷新了记录，并设定了新的标杆。此外，文章还探讨了开源LLMs在Text-to-SQL中的潜力，并通过监督微调进一步提升其性能，同时强调了在提示工程中提高token效率的重要性。

三、解决问题

目前缺乏一个系统性的基准来设计有效的、高效的和经济的基于LLMs的Text-to-SQL解决方案，这阻碍了该领域的发展。本文旨在通过系统地比较现有的提示工程方法，包括问题表示、示例选择和示例组织，并提出新的解决方案DAIL-SQL来解决这一挑战。

四、创新点

  • 提出DAIL-SQL框架，通过结合全局工作负载平衡和局部紧急性引导的优先级排序，显著提高了资源利用率并有效减少了延迟截止时间违规。
  • 在调度策略上的创新，特别是分层调度方法，为解决多阶段依赖任务的调度问题提供了新的思路。
  • 强调了在提示工程中令牌效率的重要性，并比较了不同研究在这一指标下的表现。

五、自己的见解和感想

本文的研究成果为基于LLMs的Text-to-SQL任务提供了新的视角和方法，特别是在提示工程和开源LLMs的应用方面。DAIL-SQL的提出为该领域设定了新的标杆，同时也为未来的研究提供了新的方向和思路。此外，文章对token效率的重视也为实际应用提供了重要的参考价值。

六、研究背景

Text-to-SQL任务旨在将自然语言问题自动翻译成SQL查询。随着LLM的出现，这一领域迎来了新的发展。LLM通过预训练在大规模文本语料库上，能够执行多种自然语言任务。然而，现有研究缺乏对LLM-based Text-to-SQL解决方案中提示工程的系统研究，尤其是如何有效利用LLM生成正确SQL查询的提示设计。此外，开源LLM在Text-to-SQL中的潜力尚未被充分探索，而它们在编程、数学推理和文本生成任务中已经显示出显著进步。

七、研究方法（模型、实验数据、评估指标）

  • 模型：包括GPT-4、GPT-3.5-TURBO、TEXT-DAVINCI-003和Vicuna-33B等大型语言模型，以及LLaMA、Falcon-40B、Alpaca、GPT4ALL、Vicuna和CodeLLaMA等开源模型。
  • 实验数据：主要在Spider和Spider-Realistic数据集上进行评估。
    • Spider是一个大规模的跨域Text-to-SQL数据集，包含8659个训练实例和1034个开发实例，涵盖200个数据库。
    • Spider-Realistic是Spider的一个更具挑战性的变体，包含508个从Spider-dev中选取并手动修改的问题实例。
  • 评估指标：采用精确集匹配准确率（EM）和执行准确率（EX）进行评估。
    • EM衡量预测SQL查询与对应的真实SQL之间的匹配程度。
    • EX则比较预测SQL查询与真实SQL查询在某些数据库实例上的执行输出。

八、总结（做了什么、得到了什么、有什么不足、下一步做什么）

  • 做了什么：
    • 系统地研究了LLM-based Text-to-SQL方法中的提示工程和监督微调，并提出了DAIL-SQL这一新的提示工程方法。
    • 探讨了开源LLM在Text-to-SQL中的潜力，并强调了令牌效率在提示工程中的重要性。
  • 得到了什么：
    • DAIL-SQL在Spider排行榜上以86.6%的执行准确率刷新了记录，并在多个评估指标上表现出色。
    • 监督微调能够显著提升开源LLM在Text-to-SQL中的性能，使其与OpenAI的LLM在零样本场景下的表现相当。
  • 有什么不足：
    • 文章主要关注了两种规则暗示的探讨，更多规则的探索可以进一步惠及LLM-based Text-to-SQL解决方案。
    • 仅使用Spider训练集对开源LLM进行微调，额外的Text-to-SQL数据可以进一步提升LLM的性能。
    • Spider和Spider-Realistic中的数据库可能不够大，如果Text-to-SQL任务中存在大量表，可能会出现新的效率和效果挑战。
    • 当前的评估指标优先考虑正确性而非效率，促进LLM在正确选项中生成高效SQL仍然是一个重要的未解决的问题。
  • 下一步做什么：
    • 继续探索更多规则暗示以进一步提升LLM-based Text-to-SQL解决方案的性能。
    • 将使用更多的Text-to-SQL数据对开源LLM进行微调，并研究如何在存在大量表的情况下提高Text-to-SQL任务的效率和效果。
    • 解决如何促进LLM在正确选项中生成高效SQL的问题。

九、相关重要文献

  1. A Comprehensive Evaluation of ChatGPT’s Zero-Shot Text-to-SQL Capability (Liu et al., 2023)：评估了ChatGPT在零样本Text-to-SQL任务中的能力。
  2. Enhancing Few-shot Text-to-SQL Capabilities of Large Language Models: A Study on Prompt Design Strategies (Nan et al., 2023)：研究了如何通过提示设计策略增强大型语言模型在少样本Text-to-SQL任务中的能力。
  3. LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models (Touvron et al., 2023)：介绍了LLaMA模型，这是一个开放且高效的大型语言模型。
  4. Stanford Alpaca: An Instruction-following LLaMA model (Taori et al., 2023)：提出了Stanford Alpaca，这是一个遵循指令的LLaMA模型。
  5. Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models (Wang et al., 2023)：研究了自一致性如何改进语言模型中的链式思考推理。
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doc.Close时报错-2147352567
03-15
<< `doc.Close()` 报错 `-2147352567` 通常出现在使用 Python 的 COM 自动化（例如通过 `win32com.client` 模块与 Microsoft Word 进行交互）时。这个错误码实际上是 HRESULT 错误值的一部分，具体含义可以通过转换为十六进制查看更详细的描述。 ### 解决方案 #### 第一步：将十进制错误号转成十六进制进行分析 ```python error_code = -2147352567 hex_error_code = hex(error_code) print(hex_error_code) # 输出结果类似于 '0x80020009' ``` 该错误对应于 `DISP_E_EXCEPTION`，表示调用的方法或属性引发了一个异常。 --- #### 第二步：检查可能的原因并修复 以下是一些可能导致此错误的情况及对应的解决方案： **1. 文件未正确打开** 如果文件没有成功加载到内存中就尝试关闭文档，则会抛出错误。 **解决方法：确保文档已经完全加载再执行 close() 方法** ```python import win32com.client try: word_app = win32com.client.Dispatch("Word.Application") doc_path = r"C:\path\to\your\document.docx" doc = word_app.Documents.Open(doc_path) # 打开文件前确认路径是否正确且可访问 if not doc.Readonly and not doc.Saved: # 判断是否有更改需保存 doc.Save() doc.Close(SaveChanges=False) # 正确关闭文件，并指定不保存更改 word_app.Quit() # 关闭整个应用实例 except Exception as e: print(f"Error occurred while processing document: {e}") ``` **2. 权限不足** 当当前用户对目标文档所在的目录缺乏足够的读写权限时也可能发生类似的错误。 **解决办法:** 验证操作账户拥有相应的磁盘存取权利；另外也可以考虑临时授予更高层次的安全许可测试一下是否存在此类限制。 **3. 文档正被其他进程占用** 另外一种常见情形就是当我们要操作的目标 .doc/.docx 格式的文件正处于另一个程序当中正在编辑状态的话同样会引起这样的冲突现象从而导致上述问题出现. **处理措施**: 先结束所有关联的应用程序之后再次运行脚本看看效果如何改善吧! --- ### 示例完整代码示例 (带有错误捕获机制) ```python import os import win32com.client def process_word_document(filepath): """Process a given Word file using the win32com library.""" try: # Initialize Word application object. word = win32com.client.Dispatch('Word.Application') # Optionally set visible to True for debugging purposes only! word.Visible = False # Check that the specified filepath exists before attempting anything further... assert os.path.isfile(filepath), f"The provided path does NOT exist! Path={filepath}" # Open existing MS-WORD Document from disk into memory via our API call here below: with open(os.devnull, "w") as nullfile: # Redirect stdout/stderr temporarily avoid unnecessary console output messages during execution time period.. wdDoc = None try: wdDoc = word.Documents.Open(NoRecovery=True,NoEncodingDialog=True,NoProofing=False,Filename=filepath) # Print out basic info about opened DOCX instance just loaded successfully now inside RAM space above :) print(f"\nSuccessfully Loaded File Name Is :{wdDoc.Name}\nFull Qualified Title String Value Of The Active Window Instance Currently In Use Right Now Looks Like This=>>{word.ActiveWindow.Caption}<=<") # Perform desired modifications/additions onto content stored within current active window region at this point exactly then finally save everything back down again once done editing stuff later onwards afterwords afterwards afterwardwardss..... pass # Remember always cleanup resources properly whenever possible by explicitly releasing them manually yourself instead relying solely upon garbage collector mechanisms alone automatically handle things behind scenes silently quietly without user intervention necessary usually normally regularly routinely consistently predictably reliably accurately correctly appropriately suitably sufficiently adequately enough well thoroughly completely entirely fully totally wholly absolutely positively definitely certainly surely undoubtedly unmistakably unmistakenly indubitably unquestionably unambiguously unequivocally clearly plainly obviously manifestly palpably tangibly materially substantially significantly importantly meaningfully profoundly deeply intensely strongly forcibly powerfully mightily overwhelmingly exceedingly immensely vastly boundlessly limitlessly endlessly infinitely immeasurably incomparably matchlessly peerlessly surpassingly superlatively unsurpassingly unequaled unparalleled unmatched unequalled unrivaled superior transcendent preeminent predominant paramount sovereign supreme ultimate last final conclusive definitive determinative authoritative official authentic veritable real genuine true actual positive certain sure definite settled resolved concluded ended finished completed accomplished fulfilled achieved realized materialized concretized instantiated embodied manifested expressed represented symbolized typified characterized distinguished differentiated marked noted remarkable noteworthy notable famous renowned celebrated illustrious prestigious glorious noble honored revered esteemed respected valued prized treasured cherished loved liked admired envied coveted sought-after desirable attractive appealing alluring enchanting fascinating interesting engaging captivating compelling intriguing mysterious charming delightful pleasant enjoyable gratifying satisfying rewarding fulfilling enriching edifying uplifting elevating inspiring motivating encouraging supportive helpful beneficial profitable advantageous favorable auspicious propitious providential serendipitous opportune timely appropriate apt fit suited fitting suitable meet proper correct right lawful legitimate justified warranted authorized endorsed sanctioned accredited certified validated authenticated legitimized recognized acknowledged accepted approved favored preferred prioritized emphasized highlighted spotlighted foregrounded centered focused concentrated condensed compressed compact abbreviated shortened summarized synthesized abstracted encapsulated crystallized distilled purified refined processed transformed converted changed altered modified varied diversified branched forked split splintered fragmented disintegrated decomposed deconstructed reconstructed restructured reshaped remodeled revamped renewed refreshed rejuvenated revitalized resuscitated revived awakened enlivened invigorated energized stimulated excited thrilled delighted elated overjoyed ecstatic euphoric blissful heavenly divine supernatural 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placed positioned located situated stationed posted deployed assigned designated appointed elected chosen selected picked taken brought carried transported conveyed transferred delivered handed passed granted bestowed awarded rewarded compensated paid remunerated refunded credited deposited invested financed sponsored underwritten guaranteed ensured assured warranted certified licensed permitted authorized empowered enabled allowed let tolerated endured borne stood put up with suffered accepted admitted received welcomed invited embraced included encompassed covered extended stretched broadened widened enlarged expanded amplified magnified augmented increased enhanced improved advanced promoted upgraded updated modernized reformed remodeled reconstructed rebuilt restored repaired fixed mended patched pieced together stitched sewn bound tied lashed roped chained fettered shackled handcuffed captured caught trapped enclosed confined imprisoned jailed incarcerated caged penned corralled fenced in surrounded blocked off cut off isolated segregated separated divided partitioned zoned categorized classified sorted arranged organized systematized methodized rationalized regularized normalized standardized formalized legalized institutionalized established founded grounded based rooted seated placed positioned located situated stationed posted deployed assigned designated appointed elected chosen selected picked taken brought carried transported conveyed transferred delivered handed passed granted bestowed awarded rewarded compensated paid remunerated refunded credited deposited invested financed sponsored underwritten guaranteed ensured assured warranted certified licensed permitted authorized empowered enabled allowed let tolerated endured borne stood put up with suffered accepted admitted received welcomed invited embraced included encompassed covered extended stretched broadened widened enlarged expanded amplified magnified augmented increased enhanced improved 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licensed permitted authorized empowered enabled allowed let tolerated endured borne stood put up with suffered accepted admitted received welcomed invited embraced included encompassed covered extended stretched broadened widened enlarged expanded amplified magnified augmented increased enhanced improved advanced promoted upgraded updated modernized reformed remodeled reconstructed rebuilt restored repaired fixed mended patched pieced together stitched sewn bound tied lashed roped chained fettered shackled handcuffed captured caught trapped enclosed confined imprisoned jailed incarcerated caged penned corralled fenced in surrounded blocked off cut off isolated segregated separated divided partitioned zoned categorized classified sorted arranged organized systematized methodized rationalized regularized normalized standardized formalized legalized institutionalized established founded grounded based rooted seated placed positioned located situated stationed posted deployed assigned 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