Python Flask 快速入门：搭建你的第一个 Web 应用

2501_92823542

于 2025-08-05 15:24:31 发布

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文章标签： python flask 前端

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Flask 是一款轻量级的 Python Web 框架，简单易用，适合初学者快速搭建网站和 API。
本篇文章将带你从环境搭建开始，手写一个基础的 Flask 应用，实现路由、模板渲染和表单处理。

一、安装 Flask

bash

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pip install Flask

二、创建第一个 Flask 应用

python

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from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/') def hello(): return "Hello, Flask!" if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(debug=True)

运行后打开浏览器访问 http://127.0.0.1:5000/，你会看到页面显示 “Hello, Flask!”。

三、路由与视图函数

Flask 通过装饰器 @app.route 定义 URL 路由，视图函数返回响应内容。

python

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@app.route('/hello/<name>') def hello_name(name): return f"Hello, {name}!"

访问 http://127.0.0.1:5000/hello/花花，会显示 “Hello, 花花!”。

四、模板渲染

Flask 内置 Jinja2 模板引擎，用于渲染动态 HTML。

创建目录 templates/，新建 index.html：

html

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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head><title>欢迎</title></head> <body> <h1>Hello, {{ name }}!</h1> </body> </html>

修改视图函数：

python

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from flask import render_template @app.route('/welcome/<name>') def welcome(name): return render_template('index.html', name=name)

访问 /welcome/花花，页面会显示 “Hello, 花花!”。

五、表单处理示例

HTML 表单 templates/form.html：

html

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<form action="/submit" method="post"> 名字: <input type="text" name="username" /> <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </form>

路由处理提交：

python

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from flask import request @app.route('/submit', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def submit(): if request.method == 'POST': username = request.form.get('username') return f"提交成功，您好 {username}！" return render_template('form.html')

六、运行 Flask 应用

bash

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python app.py

开启调试模式后，代码修改会自动重载，方便开发。

七、总结

Flask 组件	功能
app.route	定义路由
render_template	渲染 HTML 模板
request	获取请求数据
debug 模式	方便调试自动重载

Flask 简洁灵活，适合快速构建 Web 服务和 API，后续可以结合数据库、用户认证等功能进行扩展。

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