java.sql.SQLException: No suitable driver -- sparkshell读取mysql数据load失败 未解决 (但Properties方式可以)

本文探讨了在Spark中使用JDBC格式读取数据时遇到的问题及解决方案,详细记录了不同配置方法的效果,包括直接使用option配置和通过Properties对象设置数据库连接属性。

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spark使用jdbc格式读取数据内容
要将驱动jar包复制到spark的jars目录下
注意是单节点的spark还是集群的spark
要将jar包复制到每个节点。

加载jar包方法有几个

1.启动spark shell 时,加上 --jars

[root@hadoop01 spark-2.2.0-bin-hadoop2.7]# 
bin/spark-shell --jars mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar --driver--class-path --jars mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar(要写完整路径)

bin/spark-shell --jars /usr/local/spark-2.2.0-bin-hadoop2.7/mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar --driver-class-path /usr/local/spark-2.2.0-bin-hadoop2.7/mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar
2.使用option配置

val jdbcDF = spark.read.format("jdbc")
.option("driver","com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
.option("url", "jdbc:mysql//hadoop01:3306/test")
.option("dbtable", "u")
.option("user","root")
.option("password","root").load()

但是最后还是没什么用


使用命令出错:

scala> val jdbcDF = spark.read.format("jdbc").option("url", "jdbc:mysql//hadoop01:3306/test").option("dbtable", "u").option("user","root").option("password","root").load()

报错:java.sql.SQLException: No suitable driver

java.sql.SQLException: No suitable driver
  at java.sql.DriverManager.getDriver(DriverManager.java:315)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JDBCOptions$$anonfun$7.apply(JDBCOptions.scala:84)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JDBCOptions$$anonfun$7.apply(JDBCOptions.scala:84)
  at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:121)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JDBCOptions.<init>(JDBCOptions.scala:83)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JDBCOptions.<init>(JDBCOptions.scala:34)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JdbcRelationProvider.createRelation(JdbcRelationProvider.scala:32)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.DataSource.resolveRelation(DataSource.scala:306)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader.load(DataFrameReader.scala:178)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader.load(DataFrameReader.scala:146)
  ... 48 elided

然后将mysql的jar包cp到spark的jars目录下
但是:再次启动还是同样的错误

使用.option(“driver”,“com.mysql.jdbc.Driver”)照样找不到,这个直接报空指针了,再换个方法
val jdbcDF = spark.read.format("jdbc")
.option("driver","com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
.option("url", "jdbc:mysql//hadoop01:3306/test")
.option("dbtable", "u")
.option("user","root")
.option("password","root").load()

所以第二次启动:使用spark-shell --jars

[root@hadoop01 spark-2.2.0-bin-hadoop2.7]# 
bin/spark-shell --jars mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar

报错:

java.io.FileNotFoundException:
 Jar /usr/local/spark-2.2.0-bin-hadoop2.7/mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar 
 not found

在这里插入图片描述
发现到sppark的根目录去找jar包 没有到jars目录下找

所以将mysql驱动jar包再次cp到spark根目录下。

再次启动bin/spark-shell --jars mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar

成功
在这里插入图片描述

再次读取数据,仍然报没有驱动的错误

最后关闭spaark时发现

注意是112节点 我启动sparkshell是111节点

scala> 19/11/19 09:33:58 ERROR TaskSchedulerImpl: Lost executor 0 on 192.168.37.112: Remote RPC client disassociated. Likely due to containers exceeding thresholds, or network issues. Check driver logs for WARN messages.

所以
在这里插入图片描述
我启动了spark集群,然后再启动spark shell,连接的就可能不是本机的spark
而是其他节点的spark
而我其他节点没有mysql驱动
所以
就一直出错 不管我在111节点再怎么搞都没用。
贼坑。

在这里插入图片描述
改完后仍然报错!!!!未解决

spark sql 读取jdbc的两种方式 第一种不管怎么改都不行 不知道怎么办???

val jdbcDF = spark.read.format("jdbc").option("driver","com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").option("url", "jdbc:mysql//hadoop01:3306/test").option("dbtable", "u").option("user","root").option("password","root").load()
val jdbcDF = spark.read.format("jdbc").option("url", "jdbc:mysql//hadoop01:3306/test").option("dbtable", "u").option("user","root").option("password","root").load()



val jdbcDF = spark.read.format("jdbc")
.option("url", "jdbc:mysql//hadoop01:3306/test")
.option("dbtable", "u")
.option("user","root")
.option("password","root")
.load()

但是这种配置Properties方法就可以使用!!

在这里插入图片描述

val connectionProperties = new java.util.Properties()
connectionProperties.put("user", "root")
connectionProperties.put("password", "root")
val jdbcDF2 = spark.read.jdbc("jdbc:mysql://hadoop01:3306/test", "u", connectionProperties)

Using Scala version 2.11.8 (Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM, Java 1.8.0_181)
Type in expressions to have them evaluated.
Type :help for more information.

scala> val jdbcDF = spark.read.format("jdbc").option("url", "jdbc:mysql//hadoop01:3306/test").option("dbtable", "u").option("user","root").option("password","root").load()
java.sql.SQLException: No suitable driver
  at java.sql.DriverManager.getDriver(DriverManager.java:315)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JDBCOptions$$anonfun$7.apply(JDBCOptions.scala:84)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JDBCOptions$$anonfun$7.apply(JDBCOptions.scala:84)
  at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:121)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JDBCOptions.<init>(JDBCOptions.scala:83)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JDBCOptions.<init>(JDBCOptions.scala:34)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JdbcRelationProvider.createRelation(JdbcRelationProvider.scala:32)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.DataSource.resolveRelation(DataSource.scala:306)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader.load(DataFrameReader.scala:178)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader.load(DataFrameReader.scala:146)
  ... 48 elided

scala> val jdbcDF = spark.read.format("jdbc").option("driver","com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").option("url", "jdbc:mysql//hadoop01:3306/test").option("dbtable", "u").option("user","root").option("password","root").load()
java.lang.NullPointerException
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JDBCRDD$.resolveTable(JDBCRDD.scala:72)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JDBCRelation.<init>(JDBCRelation.scala:113)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JdbcRelationProvider.createRelation(JdbcRelationProvider.scala:47)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.DataSource.resolveRelation(DataSource.scala:306)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader.load(DataFrameReader.scala:178)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader.load(DataFrameReader.scala:146)
  ... 48 elided

scala> val connectionProperties = new java.util.Properties()
connectionProperties: java.util.Properties = {}

scala> connectionProperties.put("user", "root")
res0: Object = null

scala> connectionProperties.put("password", "root")
res1: Object = null

scala> val jdbcDF2 = spark.read.jdbc("jdbc:mysql://hadoop01:3306/test", "u", connectionProperties)
jdbcDF2: org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame = [id: int, name: string]

scala> val jdbcDF = spark.read.format("jdbc")
jdbcDF: org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader = org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader@399ac1a3

scala> .option("url", "jdbc:mysql//hadoop01:3306/test")
res2: org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader = org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader@399ac1a3

scala> .option("dbtable", "u")
res3: org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader = org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader@399ac1a3

scala> .option("user","root")
res4: org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader = org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader@399ac1a3

scala> .option("password","root")
res5: org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader = org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader@399ac1a3

scala> .load()
java.sql.SQLException: No suitable driver
  at java.sql.DriverManager.getDriver(DriverManager.java:315)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JDBCOptions$$anonfun$7.apply(JDBCOptions.scala:84)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JDBCOptions$$anonfun$7.apply(JDBCOptions.scala:84)
  at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:121)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JDBCOptions.<init>(JDBCOptions.scala:83)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JDBCOptions.<init>(JDBCOptions.scala:34)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.jdbc.JdbcRelationProvider.createRelation(JdbcRelationProvider.scala:32)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.DataSource.resolveRelation(DataSource.scala:306)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader.load(DataFrameReader.scala:178)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader.load(DataFrameReader.scala:146)
  ... 48 elided

scala>
linx启动nacos报错025-03-15 15:13:22,942 WARN Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'namespaceControllerV2' defined in URL [jar:file:/soft/tar/nacos/target/nacos-server.jar!/BOOT-INF/classes!/com/alibaba/nacos/console/controller/v2/NamespaceControllerV2.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'namespaceOperationService' defined in URL [jar:file:/soft/tar/nacos/target/nacos-server.jar!/BOOT-INF/lib/nacos-core-2.3.2.jar!/com/alibaba/nacos/core/service/NamespaceOperationService.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'externalOtherPersistServiceImpl' defined in URL [jar:file:/soft/tar/nacos/target/nacos-server.jar!/BOOT-INF/lib/nacos-core-2.3.2.jar!/com/alibaba/nacos/core/namespace/repository/ExternalNamespacePersistServiceImpl.class]: Instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.alibaba.nacos.core.namespace.repository.ExternalNamespacePersistServiceImpl]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: [db-load-error]load jdbc.properties error
03-16
<think>我们正在解决“java.sql.SQLException: No suitable driver错误。根据引用,这个错误通常发生在尝试建立数据库连接时,JDBC驱动未正确加载或配置。以下是综合引用内容后的解决方案: ### 一、错误原因分析 1. **驱动未注册**:JDBC驱动类未正确加载到JVM中(引用[1][2]) 2. **URL格式错误**:连接字符串不符合规范(如缺少`jdbc:`协议头)(引用[1][4]) 3. **依赖缺失**:项目未包含数据库驱动的JAR文件(引用[5]) 4. **驱动自动注册失败**:虽然JDBC 4.0支持自动注册,但某些环境(如容器类加载器)可能导致失败(引用[3]) ### 二、解决方案 #### 1. 检查JDBC连接URL格式 确保URL以`jdbc:子协议:`开头(例如MySQL:`jdbc:mysql://`): ```java // 正确示例 String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb"; // 错误示例(缺少jdbc:前缀) String wrongUrl = "mysql://localhost:3306/mydb"; ``` #### 2. 显式加载驱动类(兼容旧版JDBC) 在获取连接前调用`Class.forName()`: ```java // MySQL 8.0+ 驱动类名 Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"); // MySQL 5.x 驱动类名 // Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); ``` > **注意**:JDBC 4.0+(Java 6+)理论上不需要此操作,但实际中仍建议添加(引用[3]) #### 3. 检查依赖配置 - **Maven项目**:确认pom.xml包含正确驱动依赖(引用[5]): ```xml <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.33</version> <!-- 使用最新稳定版 --> </dependency> ``` - **普通Java项目**:手动将JDBC驱动JAR添加到classpath(引用[5]) #### 4. 检查c3p0配置(如使用连接池) 在c3p0-config.xml中确保`driverClass`和`jdbcUrl`正确(引用[4]): ```xml <property name="driverClass">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb?serverTimezone=UTC</property> ``` #### 5. 验证驱动JAR有效性 检查驱动JAR是否包含`META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver`文件,其内容应为驱动类全限定名(如`com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver`)。若文件缺失,需更换驱动版本。 ### 三、排查流程图 ```mermaid graph TD A[出现No suitable driver] --> B{检查URL格式} B -->|正确| C[检查驱动依赖] B -->|错误| D[修正URL前缀] C -->|存在依赖| E[显式调用Class.forName] C -->|缺少依赖| F[添加驱动JAR] E --> G[检查类加载器环境] G -->|容器环境| H[将驱动JAR放在容器的lib目录] G -->|标准环境| I[重启应用] ``` ### 四、典型错误场景 1. **Web容器部署问题**:在Tomcat等容器中,驱动JAR应放在`WEB-INF/lib`下,而非服务器全局lib目录(引用[3]) 2. **多版本驱动冲突**:classpath中存在多个不同版本的驱动JAR,导致注册失败 3. **URL参数错误**:MySQL 8.0+需指定时区参数(如`?serverTimezone=UTC`) §§ 相关问题 §§ 1. 如何解决JDBC连接MySQL时的时区异常? 2. Tomcat部署时数据库驱动应该放在哪个目录? 3. JDBC 4.0自动注册驱动的原理是什么? 4. c3p0连接池配置的最佳实践有哪些?</think>### 解决 Java.sql.SQLException: No Suitable Driver 错误 #### 一、核心原因分析 1. **驱动未注册** JDBC 驱动未正确加载到JVM中,导致无法识别数据库连接请求[^1][^3]。 2. **URL格式错误** 连接字符串缺少 `jdbc:` 协议前缀(如 `jdbc:mysql://`)或格式不规范[^1][^2]。 3. **依赖问题** - 未添加数据库驱动JAR包(普通Java项目) - Maven依赖缺失或版本错误(引用[5]) - 驱动JAR未包含自动注册文件 `META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver` 4. **类加载器隔离** 在Tomcat等容器中,驱动类被Web应用的类加载器隔离,无法被JDBC API访问[^3]。 #### 二、解决方案(按场景分类) ##### 场景1:普通Java项目 ```java // 步骤1:添加驱动JAR到classpath // 步骤2:显式加载驱动类(必须!) Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"); // 步骤3:确保URL包含jdbc:前缀 String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb"; Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pwd); ``` ##### 场景2:Maven项目 1. 添加正确依赖(MySQL示例): ```xml <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.33</version> <!-- 推荐8.0+版本 --> </dependency> ``` 2. 代码中显式加载驱动(仍建议添加): ```java // 即使JDBC 4.0+支持自动注册,显式加载更可靠 try { Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } ``` ##### 场景3:连接池配置(如c3p0) 在 `c3p0-config.xml` 中确保正确配置: ```xml <property name="driverClass">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb?serverTimezone=UTC</property> <!-- 注意必须是jdbcUrl而不是url --> ``` ##### 场景4:Web容器(Tomcat) 1. 将驱动JAR放在 `TOMCAT_HOME/lib` 目录(非应用WEB-INF/lib) 2. 在代码中显式加载驱动 3. 或在 `context.xml` 添加: ```xml <Resources> <PostResources className="org.apache.catalina.webresources.DirResourceSet" base="/path/to/mysql-connector-java.jar" webAppMount="/WEB-INF/lib" /> </Resources> ``` #### 三、诊断流程图 ```mermaid graph TD A[出现No suitable driver] --> B{检查URL格式} B -->|正确| C[检查Class.forName调用] B -->|错误| D[添加jdbc:前缀] C -->|已调用| E[检查依赖/JAR] C -->|未调用| F[添加Class.forName] E -->|Maven项目| G[确认pom.xml依赖] E -->|普通项目| H[确认JAR在classpath] G -->|依赖正确| I[检查驱动版本兼容性] G -->|依赖缺失| J[添加mysql-connector依赖] H -->|JAR存在| K[检查JAR完整性] H -->|JAR缺失| L[下载驱动JAR] ``` #### 四、关键注意事项 1. **URL协议头必须完整** ✅ 正确:`jdbc:mysql://host:port/db` ❌ 错误:`mysql://host:port/db` 2. **新版MySQL驱动类名** ```java // MySQL 5.x:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver(已废弃) // MySQL 8.x:com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver(推荐) ``` 3. **JDBC 4.0+的自动注册要求** 驱动JAR必须包含 `META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver` 文件(内容为驱动类全名) 4. **时区问题(MySQL 8.0+)** 需在URL添加参数:`?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai`
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