python 程序控制结构

选择结构

1.if语句
**语法：

if 条件1：（条件为真，执行缩进的语句块）
    if 条件2：（嵌套语句）
        条件真缩进语句块
else：（条件为假时执行）
    条件假缩进语句块
其余语句

**多分支结构：
if 条件1：
    语句块1
elif 条件2：
    语句块2     #条件1不成立条件2成立时执行
elif 条件3：
    语句块3
else：       #注意 else 一定要放在最后
    语句

while循环结构

1.while循环
三条件缺一不可：
初始值 | 循环条件 | 循环变量
*循环体外设定循环可执行的初始条件
*书写需要重复执行的代码（循环体）
*设定循环条件并且在循环体内部设定条件改变语句  (#很重要，否则很容易进入死循环)

#coding:utf-8
count = 1
while count<5:
    print("So cold!")   #重复执行的语句
    count +=1

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
So cold!
So cold!
So cold!
So cold!

Process finished with exit code 0




***************************
2.常见的死循环
(1)
count = 0
while count < 10:
    print count

(2)
count = 0
while count < 10:
    print count
        count -= 1

(3)
count = 0
while count < 10:
    print count
count +=1


(4)
count = 0
while count < 10:
    if count%2 ==0:
    print count


(5)
count = 0
while count < 10:
    if count%2 ==0:
        print count

(6)
count = 0
while count < 10:
    if count%2 == 0:
        print count



***计算一元二次方程的解
#coding:utf-8
import math
while True:
    a=float(raw_input("Please enter a:"))
    b=float(raw_input("Please enter b:"))
    c=float(raw_input("Please enter c:"))
    if a != 0:
        delta = b**2 - 4*a*c
        if delta < 0:
            print("No solusion")
        elif delta == 0:
            s = -b/(2*a)
            print  ("s:"),s
        else:
            root=math.sqrt(delta)
            s1 = (-b + root) / (2*a)
            s2 = (-b - root) / (2*a)
        print ("Two distinct solusion are:"),s1,s2
ch=raw_input("q")
if ch == 'q':
    break


***********************************
3.break 结束当前循环体

count = 0
while count < 5:
    if count > 2:
        break    #结束当前循环体
    print('Hello nihao !')
    count +=1

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
C:\Users\epi\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\python.exe E:/Pycharm/文件/break和continue.py
Hello nihao !
Hello nihao !
Hello nihao !

Process finished with exit code 0
******************************


4.continute 结束当次循环

count = 0
while count < 5:
    count += 1
    if count > 2:
        continue  #j结束当次循环，不再进行print判断
    print("So cold today!")


>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
C:\Users\epi\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\python.exe E:/Pycharm/文件/break和continue.py
So cold today!
So cold today!

Process finished with exit code 0

for 循环

语法：
for 变量 in 对象：   #枚举对象中的每一个元素
    缩进语句块（循环体）
#依次的遍历对象中的每一个元素，并赋值给变量，然后执行循环内的语句


#计算1+2+3+...+10的值

s = 0
for i in range(1,11):
    s += i
print("sum is :",s)


sum is : 55

在mathm模块中，math.factorial()可以用来计算阶乘
#求π的值
pi = 0
sign = 1
divisor = 1

for i in range(1,1000000):
    pi += 4.0*sign / divisor
    sign *= -1  #符号转换
    divisor += 2

print("pi is ",pi)


pi is  3.1415936535907742


format函数可以实现对齐

#猜测平方根

x = 2
low = 0
high = x
guess = (low + high) / 2
while abs(guess ** 2 - x) > 0.001 :
    if guess ** 2 > x :
        high = guess
    else :
        low = guess
    guess = (low + high) / 2
print (guess)

#次情况不能输入小于1的数，考虑该如何解决