本文探讨了权限菜单加载的两种方式，包括一次性加载和逐级加载，以及菜单对象的一对多双向自关联实现。同时，深入解析了多对多关系的级联查询，如书籍和类别之间的映射关系，展示了Hibernate框架下如何处理复杂的数据关联。
一：权限菜单加载的两种方式
1:一次性将数据表中的数据库全部加载往浏览器返回（菜单数据比较少）
2：菜单表数据量比较大，当出现浏览器卡顿的情况，那么就采用菜单逐级加载
案例:菜单对象的一对多双向自关联
<!-- select * from t_menu where menu_id = ? -->
<many-to-one name="superMenu" class="entity.Menu" column="super_menu_id"></many-to-one>
<!-- select * from t_menu where super_menu_id = ? -->
<set name="childMenus" inverse="true" lazy="true" outer-join="false" cascade="save-update">
<key column="super_menu_id"></key>
<one-to-many class="entity.Menu" />
</set>
如何将多方映射成一个有序的集合
<!-- bag元素可以映射List集合,order-by属性还可以用来排序(asc升序|desc降序)，其它和set元素的使用一样 -->
<bag name="childMenus" inverse="true" lazy="true" outer-join="false" cascade="save-update" order-by="position asc">
<key column="super_menu_id"></key>
<one-to-many class="entity.Menu" />
</bag>
案列：菜单对象一对多的自关联代码
package com.zking.five.entity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
public class TreeNode {
private Integer treeNodeId;
private String treeNodeName;
private Integer treeNodeType;
private Integer position;
private String url;
//当前节点与子节点的关联关系 一对多
//private Set<TreeNode> children=new HashSet<>();
////当前节点与父节点的关系 多对一(list是有序，set是无须)
private List<TreeNode> children=new ArrayList<>();
private TreeNode parent;
//强制初始化
private Integer initChildren;
/*public Set<TreeNode> getChildren() {
return children;
}
public void setChildren(Set<TreeNode> children) {
this.children = children;
}*/
public TreeNode getParent() {
return parent;
}
public List<TreeNode> getChildren() {
return children;
}
public void setChildren(List<TreeNode> children) {
this.children = children;
}
public void setParent(TreeNode parent) {
this.parent = parent;
}
public Integer getInitChildren() {
return initChildren;
}
public void setIniChildren(Integer initChildren) {
this.initChildren = initChildren;
}
public Integer getTreeNodeId() {
return treeNodeId;
}
public void setTreeNodeId(Integer treeNodeId) {
this.treeNodeId = treeNodeId;
}
public String getTreeNodeName() {
return treeNodeName;
}
public void setTreeNodeName(String treeNodeName) {
this.treeNodeName = treeNodeName;
}
public Integer getTreeNodeType() {
return treeNodeType;
}
public void setTreeNodeType(Integer treeNodeType) {
this.treeNodeType = treeNodeType;
}
public Integer getPosition() {
return position;
}
public void setPosition(Integer position) {
this.position = position;
}
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "TreeNode [treeNodeId=" + treeNodeId + ", treeNodeName=" + treeNodeName + ", treeNodeType="
+ treeNodeType + ", position=" + position + ", url=" + url + ", children=" + children + "]";
}
}
package com.zking.five.dao;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.zking.five.entity.TreeNode;
import com.zking.two.util.SessionFactoryUtil;
public class TreeNodeDao {
public TreeNode get(TreeNode treeNode) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
TreeNode tn = session.get(TreeNode.class, treeNode.getTreeNodeId());
if(tn!=null&&new Integer(1).equals(treeNode.getInitChildren())) {
//强制初始化代理
Hibernate.initialize(tn.getChildren());
}
System.out.println(tn);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return tn;
}
}
报错： 原因直接在testdao里面直接打印tn
package com.zking.five.dao;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.zking.five.entity.TreeNode;
public class TreeNodeDaoTest {
/**
* 不需要递归就可以逐级查询
*/
private TreeNodeDao treeNodedao=new TreeNodeDao();
@Test
public void testGet() {
TreeNode treeNode=new TreeNode();
treeNode.setTreeNodeId(1);
treeNode.setIniChildren(1);
TreeNode tn = this.treeNodedao.get(treeNode);
//会报错 没有初始化代理的错误
//System.out.println(tn);
//
System.out.println(tn.getTreeNodeId()+""+tn.getTreeNodeName());
for (TreeNode tn2 : tn.getChildren()) {
System.out.println(tn2.getTreeNodeId()+""+tn2.getTreeNodeName());
}
/**
* 直接打印tn会有错误的原因
* 当加载一级节点的时候没有问题(一级节点是立即加载)
* 当加载二级节点的时候，由于设置强制加载，同样可以加载所有的二级节点。没有问题
* 当加载三级节点的时候，session已经关闭了，并且默认查出来的节点，默认采用的是懒加载
*
* 权限菜单加载有两种方式
* 1.一次性将数据库表中的数据全部加载，往浏览器返回
* 2.菜单表数量比较大，当出现浏览器卡顿的情况第一种方式就不在适用。
* 那么久采用菜单逐级加载
*/
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.zking.five.entity.TreeNode" table="t_hibernate_sys_tree_node">
<id name="treeNodeId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="tree_node_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="treeNodeName" type="java.lang.String"
column="tree_node_name">
</property>
<property name="treeNodeType" type="java.lang.Integer"
column="tree_node_type">
</property>
<property name="position" type="java.lang.Integer"
column="position" >
</property>
<property name="url" type="java.lang.String"
column="url" >
</property>
<!--一对多用set -->
<!-- <set name="children" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<key column="parent_node_id"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.zking.five.entity.TreeNode"/>
</set> -->
<!--position指的是数据库表的字段 让数字排序就要用list集合 映射文件的实体类改为bag -->
<bag order-by="position" name="children" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<!-- 外键 -->
<key column="parent_node_id"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.zking.five.entity.TreeNode"/>
</bag>
<many-to-one name="parent" class="com.zking.five.entity.TreeNode" column="parent_node_id"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
二:多对多的级联查询
重点 理解book和category实体类映射文件中多对多关系（以及和中间表的联系）
1. 数据库的多对多
1.1 数据库中不能直接映射多对多
处理：创建一个桥接表(中间表)，将一个多对多关系转换成两个一对多
hibernate会自动关联桥表以及关联表查询出关联对象
注1：数据库多表联接查询
永远就是二个表的联接查询
A B C D
t1 C
t2 D
t3
案列 多对多级联查询 书籍表、书籍类别表
package com.zking.five.entity;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Book {
private Integer bookId;
private String bookName;
private Float price;
private Set<Category> categories=new HashSet<>();
//用于强制加载
private Integer initCategories=0;
public Integer getInitCategories() {
return initCategories;
}
public void setInitCategories(Integer initCategories) {
this.initCategories = initCategories;
}
public Set<Category> getCategories() {
return categories;
}
public void setCategories(Set<Category> categories) {
this.categories = categories;
}
public Integer getBookId() {
return bookId;
}
public void setBookId(Integer bookId) {
this.bookId = bookId;
}
public String getBookName() {
return bookName;
}
public void setBookName(String bookName) {
this.bookName = bookName;
}
public Float getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(Float price) {
this.price = price;
}
}
package com.zking.five.entity;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Category {
private Integer categoryId;
private String categoryName;
private Set<Book> books=new HashSet<>();
private Integer initBooks=0;
public Integer getInitBooks() {
return initBooks;
}
public void setInitBooks(Integer initBooks) {
this.initBooks = initBooks;
}
public Set<Book> getBooks() {
return books;
}
public void setBooks(Set<Book> books) {
this.books = books;
}
public Integer getCategoryId() {
return categoryId;
}
public void setCategoryId(Integer categoryId) {
this.categoryId = categoryId;
}
public String getCategoryName() {
return categoryName;
}
public void setCategoryName(String categoryName) {
this.categoryName = categoryName;
}
}
package com.zking.five.dao;
import java.io.Serializable;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.zking.five.entity.Book;
import com.zking.two.util.SessionFactoryUtil;
public class BookDao {
public Book get(Book book) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
if(b!=null&&new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())) {
Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return b;
}
}
package com.zking.five.dao;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.zking.five.entity.Book;
import com.zking.five.entity.Category;
import com.zking.two.util.SessionFactoryUtil;
public class CategoryDao {
public Category get(Category category) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
if(c!=null&&new Integer(1).equals(category.getInitBooks())) {
Hibernate.initialize(c.getBooks());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return c;
}
}
package com.zking.five.dao;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.zking.five.entity.Book;
import com.zking.five.entity.Category;
public class BookDaoTest {
private BookDao bookDao=new BookDao();
private CategoryDao categoryDao=new CategoryDao();
/**
* 通过一本书能够查询到多个类别
* jdbc:三表联查
* hibernate：只需要查询单个对象即可 ，他会自动关联查询，交给映射文件即可
*/
@Test
public void testGet() {
Book book=new Book();
book.setBookId(3);
book.setInitCategories(1);
Book b = this.bookDao.get(book);
System.out.println(b.getBookName());
for (Category c : b.getCategories()) {
System.out.println(c.getCategoryName());
}
}
@Test
public void testGet1() {
Category category=new Category();
category.setCategoryId(1);
category.setInitBooks(1);
Category c = this.categoryDao.get(category);
System.out.println(c.getCategoryName());
for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
System.out.println(b.getBookName());
}
}
}
重点 理解book和category实体类映射文件中关系
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.zking.five.entity.Category" table="t_hibernate_category">
<id name="categoryId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="category_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="categoryName" type="java.lang.String"
column="category_name">
</property>
<!-- set 中的table 为中间表 name是category中的属性为set集合（一个类别多本书）-->
<set table="t_hibernate_book_category" name="books" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<!-- key column是中间表的外键 即category表的主键-->
<key column="cid"></key>
<!-- 多对多 中间表中的外键 即category属性book中的主键-->
<many-to-many column="bid" class="com.zking.five.entity.Book"></many-to-many>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<!-- session.get(Book.class,5)
select * from t_hibernate_book where bookId =?(1)
resultSet
Book book=Class.forName("com.zking.five.entity.Book").newInstance();
book.setBookId(1);
book.setBookName(a);
book.setPrice(50)
categories为什有值？
1:通过当前实体类的映射文件找到set标签中table属性
select * from t_hibernate_book_category
2.继续读取配置文件，拿到set标签中的子标签key的column属性
（当前类对应的表的主键在桥接表中的外键）
select cid from t_hibernate_book_category where bid=?(bookId=1)
resultSet->
拿到中间表的
3.set标签many-to-many
com.zking.five.entity.Category
Category.hbm.xml
select * from t_hibernate_book_category
4.利用桥接表查询出来的数据查询关联表
select * from t_hibernate_book_category where category_id in(1,2);
5.最终拿到 神话 古典
只会得到1 2
EntityBaseDao中的executeQuery方法，对result进行处理，最终返回
list<Category> categories=new ArrayList();
while(rs.next){
Category c=Class.forName("com.zking.five.entity.Category").newInstance();
c.set....
categories.add(c);
}
6.book.setCategories(categories)-->
<class name="com.zking.five.entity.Book" table="t_hibernate_book">
<id name="bookId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="book_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="bookName" type="java.lang.String"
column="book_name">
</property>
<property name="price" type="java.lang.Float"
column="price">
</property>
<!--一对多用set -->
<set table="t_hibernate_book_category" name="categories" cascade="save-update" inverse="false">
<!-- one -->
<key column="bid"></key>
<!-- many -->
<many-to-many column="cid" class="com.zking.five.entity.Category"></many-to-many>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
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