【完形填空】同义词组

除了

1. 表示 “排除在外(不包含)”
单词 / 短语用法特点例句示例
except

排除同类事物

Everyone passed the exam except me.

(除了我,所有人都通过了考试。)

excluding

The ticket costs $20, excluding service fees.

(票价 20 美元,不含服务费。)

except for

排除不同类事物

The room is clean except for a few dust.

(除了一点灰尘,房间很干净。)

other than

常用于否定句 / 疑问句

强调 “除了…… 别无”

I have no choice other than waiting.

(除了等待,我别无选择。)

I couldn’t do other than accept his offer.
(除了接受他的提议,我别无他法。)
(= I had to accept his offer.)

but

接在不定代词

no one/nothing/everyone 等后

No one but her knows the truth.

(除了她,没人知道真相。)

2. 表示 “除了…… 还有(包含)”
单词 / 短语用法特点例句示例
besides强调附加信息Besides English, she learns Japanese.(除了英语,她还学日语。)
apart fromApart from John, we all joined the trip.(除了约翰,我们都参加了旅行。)

因为

1. 连词(后接句子)
单词 / 短语用法特点例句示例
because

She didn’t come because she was ill.

(她因为生病没来。)

as

 “由于”

基于已知原因

句首

As it was raining, we stayed at home.

(因为下雨,我们待在家里。)

since

“既然”

基于已知原因

句首

Since you’re here, let’s start the meeting.

(既然你在,我们开始开会吧。)

for

补充说明理由(非直接原因)

需用逗号与主句隔开

He must be ill, for he didn’t come.

(他一定病了,因为他没来。)

now that

“既然”

强调原因是既定事实

Now that the work is done, we can relax.(既然工作完成了,我们可以放松了。)
2. 介词(后接名词 / 动名词)
单词 / 短语用法特点例句示例
because ofHe failed the exam because of carelessness.(他因粗心考试不及格。)
due to

常接不好的原因

多置于 be 动词或名词后

The delay was due to heavy traffic.(延误是因为交通拥堵。)
owing to强调 “归因于”。Owing to the rain, the match was canceled.(由于下雨,比赛取消了。)
on account ofThe event was canceled on account of bad weather.(活动因恶劣天气取消。)
thanks to

多接积极原因

意为 “多亏了”

Thanks to your help, we finished on time.(多亏你的帮助,我们按时完成了。)

所以

单词 / 短语用法特点例句示例
soShe was tired, so she went to bed early.(她累了,所以早早睡了。)
thus “因此”“由此”He didn’t study; thus, he failed the exam.(他没学习,因此考试不及格。)
therefore

常用于句首(后接逗号)

或句中(前后用逗号隔开)。

The weather was bad; therefore, we canceled the trip.(天气不好,因此我们取消了行程。)
hence “由此导致”The project was delayed; hence, we need to adjust the plan.(项目延期了,因此我们需调整计划。)
consequentlyShe missed the train; consequently, she arrived late.(她没赶上火车,因此迟到了。)
as a resultHe worked hard; as a result, he got promoted.(他努力工作,因此升职了。)
so that

引导目的状语从句时表 “为了”

但也可表结果(无情态动词can/could/may/might/should/will/would

He saved money so that he could buy a car.

(他存钱为了买车。)
He worked hard, so that he succeeded.

(他努力工作,所以成功了。)

for this reasonMany students like him; for this reason, he was elected monitor.(很多学生喜欢他,为此他当选了班长。)
accordingly强调根据前文情况做出反应。The budget was reduced; accordingly, we had to cut costs.(预算削减了,因此我们必须降低成本。)

转折

1. 连词(后接句子)
单词 / 短语用法特点例句示例
but直接连接对立观点

She wanted to go, but he preferred to stay.

(她想去,但他更想留下。)

yet“尽管如此仍……”

He tried hard, yet he failed again.

(他很努力,但还是失败了。)

while引导对比性转折

I like coffee, while she prefers tea.

(我喜欢咖啡,而她更喜欢茶。)

whereas对比两个事实或情况

Some people love cats, whereas others prefer dogs.

(有些人爱猫,而另一些人喜欢狗。)

though/although

主句前不可用 but

但可加yet/still

Although it rained, we still went hiking.

(虽然下雨了,但我们还是去徒步了。)

2. 副词 / 短语(可置于句首、句中或句尾)
单词 / 短语用法特点例句示例
howeverShe was tired. However, she kept working.(她很累,但还是继续工作。)
nevertheless

“尽管如此,仍然……”

强调转折后的情况出乎意料

The task was difficult; nevertheless, they completed it on time.

(任务很难,但他们还是按时完成了。)

nonetheless

“尽管如此,仍然……”

强调转折后的情况出乎意料

He was angry; nonetheless, he listened to her explanation.

(他很生气,但还是听了她的解释。)

still “仍然”“尽管如此”

The plan has flaws, but still, it’s our best option.

(这个计划有缺陷,但仍然是我们最好的选择。)

instead

“相反”“取而代之”

强调未做前文动作,转而做另一件事

She didn’t call me. Instead, she sent a message.

(她没给我打电话,而是发了条信息。)

on the contrary

“恰恰相反”

用于反驳前文观点

She isn’t tired. On the contrary, she’s full of energy.

(她不累,恰恰相反,她精力充沛。)

in contrast强调两者的对比差异

In contrast, his sister is quiet and shy.

(相比之下,他妹妹安静又害羞。)

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