Linux内核之printk打印级别调整

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最新推荐文章于 2025-07-10 13:50:55 发布

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本文详细解析了Linux系统中printk函数的打印级别设置，包括默认级别、控制台级别及如何通过修改/proc/sys/kernel/printk来调整打印级别，使不同严重程度的信息能在控制台显示或被屏蔽。

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printk打印级别的相关代码如下：

/* include/linux/printk.h */

/* printk's without a loglevel use this.. */
#define MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT CONFIG_MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT

/* We show everything that is MORE important than this.. */
#define CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_SILENT  0 /* Mum's the word */
#define CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_MIN	 1 /* Minimum loglevel we let people use */
#define CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_QUIET	 4 /* Shhh ..., when booted with "quiet" */
#define CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT 7 /* anything MORE serious than KERN_DEBUG */
#define CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEBUG	10 /* issue debug messages */
#define CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_MOTORMOUTH 15	/* You can't shut this one up */

extern int console_printk[];

#define console_loglevel (console_printk[0])
#define default_message_loglevel (console_printk[1])
#define minimum_console_loglevel (console_printk[2])
#define default_console_loglevel (console_printk[3])

static inline void console_silent(void)
{
	console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_SILENT;
}

static inline void console_verbose(void)
{
	if (console_loglevel)
		console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_MOTORMOUTH;
}

/* kernel/printk/printk.c */

int console_printk[4] = {
	CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT,	/* console_loglevel */
	MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT,	/* default_message_loglevel */
	CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_MIN,		/* minimum_console_loglevel */
	CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT,	/* default_console_loglevel */
};

/* include/linux/kern_levels.h */

#define KERN_SOH	"\001"		/* ASCII Start Of Header */
#define KERN_SOH_ASCII	'\001'

#define KERN_EMERG	KERN_SOH "0"	/* system is unusable */
#define KERN_ALERT	KERN_SOH "1"	/* action must be taken immediately */
#define KERN_CRIT	KERN_SOH "2"	/* critical conditions */
#define KERN_ERR	KERN_SOH "3"	/* error conditions */
#define KERN_WARNING	KERN_SOH "4"	/* warning conditions */
#define KERN_NOTICE	KERN_SOH "5"	/* normal but significant condition */
#define KERN_INFO	KERN_SOH "6"	/* informational */
#define KERN_DEBUG	KERN_SOH "7"	/* debug-level messages */

#define KERN_DEFAULT	KERN_SOH "d"	/* the default kernel loglevel */

/*
 * Annotation for a "continued" line of log printout (only done after a
 * line that had no enclosing \n). Only to be used by core/arch code
 * during early bootup (a continued line is not SMP-safe otherwise).
 */
#define KERN_CONT	""

/* integer equivalents of KERN_<LEVEL> */
#define LOGLEVEL_SCHED		-2	/* Deferred messages from sched code
					 * are set to this special level */
#define LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT	-1	/* default (or last) loglevel */
#define LOGLEVEL_EMERG		0	/* system is unusable */
#define LOGLEVEL_ALERT		1	/* action must be taken immediately */
#define LOGLEVEL_CRIT		2	/* critical conditions */
#define LOGLEVEL_ERR		3	/* error conditions */
#define LOGLEVEL_WARNING	4	/* warning conditions */
#define LOGLEVEL_NOTICE		5	/* normal but significant condition */
#define LOGLEVEL_INFO		6	/* informational */
#define LOGLEVEL_DEBUG		7	/* debug-level messages */

1、如果不指定优先级，printk就使用默认的优先级，DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL。如果未对CONFIG_DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL进行配置，则默认值是4。

2、查看当前控制台的打印级别：

cat /proc/sys/kernel/printk
4 4 1 7

其中第一个“4”表示内核打印函数printk的打印级别，只有级别比他高的信息才能在控制台上打印出来，既 0－3级别的信息。

3、修改打印：

echo “8 4 1 7” >/proc/sys/kernel/printk

输入“8 4 1 7”改变console_loglevel值，使得所有的打印消息都能输出到终端;；
如果想屏蔽掉所有的内核printk打印，那么只需要把第一个数值调到最小值1或者0。

4、不够打印级别的信息会被写到日志中，可通过dmesg 命令来查看。

补充：

include/linux/printk.h

#define pr_emerg(fmt, ...) \
	printk(KERN_EMERG pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define pr_alert(fmt, ...) \
	printk(KERN_ALERT pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define pr_crit(fmt, ...) \
	printk(KERN_CRIT pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define pr_err(fmt, ...) \
	printk(KERN_ERR pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define pr_warning(fmt, ...) \
	printk(KERN_WARNING pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define pr_warn pr_warning
#define pr_notice(fmt, ...) \
	printk(KERN_NOTICE pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define pr_info(fmt, ...) \
	printk(KERN_INFO pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)

/* If you are writing a driver, please use dev_dbg instead */
#if defined(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG)
/* dynamic_pr_debug() uses pr_fmt() internally so we don't need it here */
#define pr_debug(fmt, ...) \
	dynamic_pr_debug(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#elif defined(DEBUG)
#define pr_debug(fmt, ...) \
	printk(KERN_DEBUG pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define pr_debug(fmt, ...) \
	no_printk(KERN_DEBUG pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
#endif