装饰模式（Decorate Pattern）

装饰模式：给爱用继承的人一个全新的设计眼界

以咖啡菜单作为实例：

namespace 设计模式.装饰模式
{
    //饮料的基类
    public abstract class Beverage
    {
        public String description = "Unkown Beverage";
        public String getDescription()
        {
            return description;
        }
        public abstract double cost();
    }
    //装饰基类为浓缩咖啡
    public class Espresso : Beverage
    {
        public Espresso()
        {
            base.description = "浓缩咖啡";
        }
        public override double cost()
        {
            return 1.99;
        }
    }
    //装饰基类为HouseBlend咖啡
 public class HouseBlend : Beverage { public HouseBlend() { base.description = "House Blend Coffee"; } public override double cost() { return 0.89; } }
    //装饰基类为DarkRoast咖啡
 public class DarkRoast : Beverage { public DarkRoast() { base.description = "Dark Roast Coffee"; } public override double cost() { return 1.11; } }
    //装饰基类为Decatt咖啡
    public class Decat : Beverage
    {
        public Decat()
        {
            base.description = "Decat Coffee";
        }
        public override double cost()
        {
            return 2.22;
        }
    }
    
    //装饰基类为调味料抽象基类
 public abstract class CondimentDecorator : Beverage { public abstract String getDescription(); }
    //装饰调味料抽象基类为“摩卡+基类的子类”咖啡
 public class Mocha : CondimentDecorator { Beverage beverage;
        //构造是传入饮料类或其子类
        public Mocha(Beverage beverage)
        {
            this.beverage = beverage;
        }
        //描述=饮料描述+调味料描述
        public override String getDescription()
        {
            return beverage.getDescription() + ", Mocha";
        }
        //总价格=调味料"摩卡"+传入饮料"beverage"的价格
 public override double cost() {
            return 0.2 + beverage.cost();
        }
    }
    //解释同上
    public class Soy : CondimentDecorator
    {
        Beverage beverage;
        public Soy(Beverage beverage)
        {
            this.beverage = beverage;
        }
        public override String getDescription()
        {
            return beverage.getDescription() + ", Soy";
        }

        public override double cost()
        {
            return 0.30 + beverage.cost();
        }
    }
    //解释同上
 public class Whip : CondimentDecorator { Beverage beverage; public Whip(Beverage beverage) { this.beverage = beverage; } public override String getDescription() { return beverage.getDescription() + ", Whip"; } public override double cost() { return 0.40 + beverage.cost(); } }}

总结：

1.一旦你熟悉了装饰的技巧，你将能够在不修改任何底层代码的情况下，给你的（或别人的）对象赋予新的职责(前提是那个的底层代码真的很棒，没啥BUG)。
2.本设计模式符合了“开放-关闭原则”：类应该对扩展开放，对修改关闭。
3.动态的将责任附加到对象上。若要扩展功能，装饰者提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案。