PHP发送电子邮件的基本方法

原创于 2025-06-13 08:51:43 发布 · 842 阅读

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：

PHP提供了内置的mail()函数来发送电子邮件。该函数需要服务器上的邮件服务配置正确。

<?php
$to = 'recipient@example.com';
$subject = 'Test Email';
$message = 'This is a test email sent from PHP.';
$headers = 'From: sender@example.com' . "\r\n" .
    'Reply-To: sender@example.com' . "\r\n" .
    'X-Mailer: PHP/' . phpversion();

$mailSent = mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);

if ($mailSent) {
    echo 'Email sent successfully.';
} else {
    echo 'Failed to send email.';
}
?>

使用PHPMailer库发送邮件

PHPMailer是一个流行的第三方库，提供了更强大的功能和更好的兼容性。

<?php
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception;

require 'path/to/PHPMailer/src/Exception.php';
require 'path/to/PHPMailer/src/PHPMailer.php';
require 'path/to/PHPMailer/src/SMTP.php';

$mail = new PHPMailer(true);

try {
    $mail->isSMTP();
    $mail->Host = 'smtp.example.com';
    $mail->SMTPAuth = true;
    $mail->Username = 'your_email@example.com';
    $mail->Password = 'your_password';
    $mail->SMTPSecure = PHPMailer::ENCRYPTION_STARTTLS;
    $mail->Port = 587;

    $mail->setFrom('from@example.com', 'Sender Name');
    $mail->addAddress('recipient@example.com', 'Recipient Name');
    $mail->isHTML(true);
    $mail->Subject = 'Test Email with PHPMailer';
    $mail->Body = '<h1>HTML Email Content</h1><p>This is a test email sent using PHPMailer.</p>';
    $mail->AltBody = 'This is the plain text version for non-HTML mail clients';

    $mail->send();
    echo 'Email has been sent';
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo "Message could not be sent. Mailer Error: {$mail->ErrorInfo}";
}
?>

发送带有附件的电子邮件

PHPMailer可以轻松地添加附件到电子邮件中。

<?php
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;
require 'path/to/PHPMailer/src/PHPMailer.php';

$mail = new PHPMailer();
$mail->isSMTP();
// SMTP配置代码同上例...

$mail->setFrom('from@example.com', 'Sender');
$mail->addAddress('recipient@example.com', 'Recipient');
$mail->Subject = 'Email with Attachment';
$mail->Body = 'Please find the attached file.';

$mail->addAttachment('/path/to/file.pdf', 'document.pdf');
$mail->addAttachment('/path/to/image.jpg', 'photo.jpg');

if(!$mail->send()) {
    echo 'Message could not be sent.';
    echo 'Mailer Error: ' . $mail->ErrorInfo;
} else {
    echo 'Message has been sent';
}
?>

使用SwiftMailer发送邮件

SwiftMailer是另一个流行的PHP邮件发送库。

<?php
require_once 'path/to/swiftmailer/lib/swift_required.php';

$transport = (new Swift_SmtpTransport('smtp.example.com', 587))
    ->setUsername('your_username')
    ->setPassword('your_password');

$mailer = new Swift_Mailer($transport);

$message = (new Swift_Message('Wonderful Subject'))
    ->setFrom(['john@doe.com' => 'John Doe'])
    ->setTo(['receiver@domain.org', 'other@domain.org' => 'A name'])
    ->setBody('Here is the message itself')
    ->addPart('<q>Here is the message itself</q>', 'text/html')
    ->attach(Swift_Attachment::fromPath('path/to/file.pdf'));

$result = $mailer->send($message);
?>

发送HTML格式的电子邮件

无论是使用PHP内置函数还是第三方库，都可以发送HTML格式的电子邮件。

<?php
$to = 'recipient@example.com';
$subject = 'HTML Email Test';
$message = '
<html>
<head>
    <title>HTML Email</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1 style="color:blue;">This is a HTML email!</h1>
    <p>You can include <strong>bold</strong> text and <em>italic</em> text.</p>
</body>
</html>
';

$headers = "MIME-Version: 1.0\r\n";
$headers .= "Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n";
$headers .= "From: sender@example.com\r\n";

mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);
?>