699SJBH库存系统

计算机与信息学院

本科毕业论文（设计）文献综述

VB.NET的库存系统的设计实现

前言部分

在市场经济中，销售是企业运作的重要环节，为了更好地推动销售，不少企业建立了分公司或实行代理制，通过分公司或代理商把产品推向最终用户。这些分公司或代理商大都分布在全国各地，甚至是在国外，远距离频繁的业务信息交流构成了这些企业业务活动的主要特点。在传统方式上，公司之间通常采用电传、电报、电话等方式传递订货、发货、到货、压货、换货、退货等信息，总公司的商务部门在接到分公司或代理商传来的订单和银行汇款单据传真件后，开具产品出库通知，然后再把相关的进、销、存信息手工存档，再对这些信息进行统计分析，才能了解到整个公司的生产、销售和库存情况。

这种信息传递、管理方式不仅效率低下，其可靠性、安全性和保密性都无法满足企业实现高效管理要求，而且数据统计时间严重滞后，往往是当领导了解到企业的“进、销、存”出现问题时，就已经远离了问题出现的时间和地点。即便是没有分公司的企业，使用传统的手工方式管理也存在同样的问题。通过库存管理系统，及时通过网络把决策信息传统到相关决策人，从而可以及时发现问题、解决问题，更好地把握机会。

主题部分

周开俊，谢进栋，李东波通过研究建立了面向中小企业的库存管理系统功能结构，并对系统的各项功能特别是专有功能进行了介绍，在此基础上，给出了基于Web Services技术的系统开发集成方案。最后结合天津某企业进行了实际开发，并展示了相关功能界面，以指导中小企业进行库存管理系统开发，从而达到降低企业库存成本，提高企业快速响应能力的目的。刘燕，吴娴，罗治平分析了库存管理在企业中的重要作用，着重介绍了库存基本信息管理、入库管理、出库管理、库存统计和汇总等模块。我们认为在数据库及网络技术应用基础上，库存管理人员及时把握每日进、出、存库存动态，不仅使次数频繁的入库、发料、库存数据备份、更改和查询等得以顺利进行，而且库存数据通过企业网络可以实时通畅地传递到企业各所需部门，对库存进行了规范化和集成化管理。柳霞介绍了机加产品库存管理系统开发的功能特点和对一些常用模块的关键技术的处理。认为系统的开发采用了模块化程序设计，既便于系统功能模块的组合，又便于未参与开发的技术人员的补充、维护，同时结合EXCEL强大的统计、制表功能，使系统的二次应用更加灵活，实用。孙名哲，吉卫喜，宗良（2008）针对离散型制造企业存在的库存问题，结合某减速机制造公司的库存管理的特点，利用ABC分类法，对库存进行分类，根据分类的情况分析库存管理系统流程，然后对库存管理系统进行总体设计，采用C/S。B/S相结合的体系结构，组成离散型制造企业库存管理系统的网络。通过这种策略使离散制造企业降低了库存成本，提高了企业的核心竞争力。尹静，席阳，李铁克（2008）以邯郸钢铁集团公司信息化改造工程项目为背景，探讨了ERP/MES/PCS三层体系结构框架下，库存管理系统设计与实现的关键技术。针对邯钢信息系统ERP层采用德国SAP R3软件的具体配置环境，明确了一体化生产经营环境下库存管理系统的设计原则，进而在分析各类库存对象管理需求的基础上详细设计了通用库存管理业务职能流程，最后介绍了信息集成过程中的数据交互以及项目实施中的技术要点

本课题主要研究库存管理工作平台，能够将组织的管理信息及时的反馈，促进企业实现一体化管理，通过数据分析和经营分析等方法及时掌握市场动向，实现企业收益最大化

2、一个良好的库存管理工作平台，随着企业规模的不断扩大，业务需求的日益增长，库存管理和采购管理变得更加复杂，更为烦琐，采用库存的集成化管理，不仅使库存和采购管理变得容易实现，而且解决了企业对库存的人工管理问题，节省了企业成本。

3、综合上述各种新的需求不难发现，现阶段的库存管理软件将以采购，库存，销售管理为核心等。

总结性内容

库存管理系统是基于VB.NET平台开发，从VB.NET的知识、体系结构等方面，介绍基于库存管理系统设计与开发实现。该软件包括资料管理，采购管理，销售管理，库存管理，数据统计和系统管理等功能模块。

 [参考文献]

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[5] Angshuman Chakraborti等著，唐云深，赵世华等译，.NET Framework专业项目实例开发，中国水利水电出版社，2003年6月

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[7]微软公司著，NET框架2.0类库参考手册，清华大学出版社，2004年1月

[8]Jeffrey Richte著，Microsoft.NET Frameworks，清华大学出版社，200年4月

[9]李勇平 陈峰波编著，ASP.NET(VB)基础教程，清华大学出版社，2006年2月

[10] 莫勇腾，王毅编著，深入浅出设计模式，人民邮电出版社，2007年12月

[11]萨师煊，王珊编著，数据库系统概论（第三版），高等教育出版社，2000年2月

[12] 牛丽平，郭新志等编著，UML面向对象设计与分析基础教程，清华大学出版社，2007年7月

[13] 萧任惠，陈锦辉. JDBC数据库程序设计[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，2004:56-94．

[14] 明日科技. SQL Server 2005应用与开发范例宝典[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2006:87-123．

[15] Rebecca M．Riordan(美)著，李高健，孙英霖译． Microsoft ADO．NET Step by Step，清华大学出版社，2002，（7）.
计算机与信息学院

本科毕业论文（设计）外文文献翻译

　外文文献译文

            

1991年，美国微软公司推出了Visual Basic(可简称VB），目前的最新版本是VB 2008 Beta2(VB9)中文版。

Visual 意即可视的、可见的，指的是开发像windows操作系统的图形用户界面（Graphic User Interface,GUI）的方法，它不需要编写大量代码去描述界面元素的外观和位置，只要把预先建立好的对象拖放到屏幕上相应的位置即可。

Basic 实际上是一个短语的缩写，这个短语就是 Beginners all_purpose symbolic instruction code ，其中文意思为“初始者通用符号指令代码语言”。Visual Basic有学习版、专业版和企业版三种版本，以满足不同的开发需要。学习版适用于普通学习者及大多数使用Visual Basic开发一般Windows应用程序的人员，但是；专业版适用于计算机专业开发人员，包括了学习版的全部内容功能以及Internet控件开发工具之类的高级特性；企业版除包含专业版全部的内容外，还有自动化构件管理器等工具，使得专业编程人员能够开发功能强大的组骨子里分布式应用程序。

    Visual Basic

第1节Visual Basic的概述

Microsoft Visual Basic(简称VB)是在Windows操作平台下设计应用程序的最速度、最简捷的工具之一。不论是初学者还是专业开发人员，VB都为他们提供了一整套的工具，可以轻松方便的开发应用程序。因此，VB一直被作为大多数电脑初学者的首选入门编程语言。

“Visual”指的是采用可视化的开发图形用户界面（GUI）的方法，一般不需要编写大量代码去描述界面元素的外观和位置，而只要把需要的控件拖放到屏幕上的相应位置即可方便图形设计图形用户界面；“Basic”指的是 BASIC语言，因为VB是在原有的BAISC语言的基础上发展起来的。

VB是 Microsoft的一种通用程序设计语言，它包括在 Microsoft Excel、Microsoft Access等众多Windows应用软件中的VBA都使用VB语言，以供用户进行二次开发；目前制作网页使用较多的VBScript脚本语言也是VB的子集。

利用VB的数据访问特性用户可以对包括 Microsoft SQL Server和其他企业数据库在内的大部分数据库格式创建数据库和前端应用程序，以及可调整的服务端部件。利用ActiveX(TM)技术，VB可使用 Microsoft Word字处理器、Microsoft Excel电子数据表极其他Windows应用程序提供的功能，甚至可直接使用由VB专业版或企业版创建的应用程序和对象。

用户最终创建的程序是一个真正的.EXE文件，可以自由发布。

VB提供了学习版，专业版和企业版，用以满足不同的开发需求。学习版使编程人员很容易地开发Windows和Windows NT的应用程序。专业版为专业编程人员提供了功能完备的开发工具，专业版中包含了学习版的所有功能。企业版允许专业人员以小组的形式来创建强大的分布式应用程序。它包括专业版的所有的特性。所以可以根据不同的需要来选择不同的版本。

第2节集成开发环境

VB的集成环境或称IDE，由多个部分组成，包含了标题栏、菜单栏、工具栏、控件箱，以及窗体设计器窗口、工程管理器窗口、属性窗口、代码窗口和窗体布局窗体布局等。覆盖了开发应用程序的设计、编辑、编译和调试等所有功能。

在VB中，应用程序也称工程。当第一次启动VB并打开一个新工程时，可以看到如图所示的集成开发环境界面。

Visual Basic 集成开发环境

VB通过工程来组织应用程序的开发，使用工程来管理构成应用程序的所有文件。一个工程一般由若干个窗体、标准模块以及应用环境组成。系统通过工程菜单来对工程进行管理，如添加窗体、引用等。系统允许同时打开和管理多个工程。

第3节Visual Basic语言简介

Basic是最常被用来做入门使用的高级语言。它的全名是 Beginner’s All-purpose Sumbolic Instruction Code，简称为 BASIC。顾名思义，Basic就是一种专为初学者设计的语言，因其易学易懂，所以身受欢迎。早期的Basic语言都是属于解译式的，因此可以一行一行地执行，所以它可以立刻看到执行的结果，对初学者来说这是很方便的设计。不过它也因此没有结构化的概念，在程序的维护及管理上比起其他语言困难许多。不过在后期的Basic则改正了以上的缺点（如Quick Basic），使得它也可以用来开发较大型的程序。

语言是构成VB程序的基本成分。VB规定了语句格式和功能。

语法：

语句定义符[语句体]

语句定义符用于规定语句的功能，语句体指定语句的具体内容或要执行的具体操作。所有语句的集合就是VB语言，用VB语句进行有机组合完成某个特定功能就是程序。界面+程序就能解决某个应用问题。

VB应用程序代码一般在“代码编辑器”窗口编写。“代码编辑器”像是一个高度专门化的字处理软件，有很多便于编写VB代码的功能，图所示为[例Ex-Hello]在“代码编辑器”窗口编写的代码。

“代码编辑器”窗口

第4节用Visual Basic开发应用程序

使用VB编程，一般先设计应用程序的外观，然后再分别编写各对象事件的程序代码或其他处理程序，编程的工作要轻松多。

创建应用程序的步骤如下：

1． 创建应用程序界面

界面是用户和程序交互的桥梁，用VB创建的标准的WINDOWS应用程序的界面一般由窗体和按钮、菜单、文本框的图象框等构成。根据程序的功能要求和用户与程序之间的信息交流的需要，来确定需要那些对象，规划界面的布局。

2． 设计界面上各个对象的属性

根据规划的界面要求设置各个对象的属性，比如对象的外貌、名称、颜色、大小等。

大多数属性取值既可以在设计时通过属性窗口来设置，也可以在程序代码中通过编程在程序运行时设置修改。

3． 编程对象响应的程序代码

界面仅仅决定了程序的外观，设计完界面后就要通过“代码编辑器”

窗口来添加代码，实现一些在接受外界信息后作出响应、信息处理等任务，添加代码，实现一些在接受外界信息后作出的响应、信息处理等任务，添加代码如图的代码编辑窗口所示

“代码编辑器”窗口

4． 保存工程

一个VB程序就是一个工程，在设计一个应用程序时，系统会建立一个扩展名为.vbp的工程文件，工程文件包含了该工程所建立的所有文件的相关信息，保存工程就同时保存了该工程的所有相关文件。比如当设计界面时产生的窗体保存在扩展名为.frm和.frx的窗体文件中。在打开一个工程（文件）时，该工程有关的所有文件同时被装载。

5． 行和调试程序

通过“运行”菜单中的选项来运行程序，当出现错误时， VB系统可以提供信息提示也可通过“调试”和“运行”菜单来查找和排除错误。

6．生成可执行程序

为了使程序可以脱离VB环境，通过“文件”菜单中的“生成工程1.exe”命令来生成可执行程序（.exe文件），此后即可直接执行该文件。在生成可+执行程序后，再通过安装向导将所有相关文件打包，就可以作为一个软件产品在windows 9x/2000 环境下安装后独立运行

VB的数据库编程方面按其难易程度可分为三类(由易到难);

●使用数据库控制项和绑定控制项

●使用数据库对象变量进行编程

●直接调用ODBC2.0API

在使用VB进行数据库编程时,通常,会首先选择三种基本方法之一来进行数据库应用程序的方案设计, 现在就将以上三种设计方法的适应范围及其优缺点进行一个比较。

1 使用数据库控制项和绑定控制项

1.1优点

它是三种方法中编码量最小的

不必了解CDBC2.0API的细节

允许使用标准的和第三方厂商制订的控制项

简化了错误处理

支持所有的动态集方法及属性

1.2缺点

不能存取快照对象(snapshop)对象或表格对象(都属于记录集对象)

不能存取数据库集合,比如表定义(TableDefs)字段(Fieds),索引( Indexes)及查询定义(QueryDefs)

只能存取部分ODBC2.0管理函数

不能进行真正的事务处理

有限的错误诊断功能

1.3应用

对中小规模的数据库表(通常少于一千条记录)只进行简章的浏览操作

基本SQL查询所对应的结果集长度有限(通常结果集的记录数小于一百, 这些记录从一个或两个长度有限的表中检索出来)

应用程序的数据输入/输出项较少(通常只涉及一个或两个长度有限的表、并且表中的字段数在10个左右且不具有关系完整性限制

2 使用数据库对象变量进行编程

2.1 优点

可以在程序中存取ODBC2.0的管理函数

可以控制多种记录集类型:Dynaset、Snapshop及Table记录集合对象

可以存取存储过程和查询动作

可以存取数据库集合对象,例如TableDefs、Fields、Indexes及QueryDefs

具有真正的事务处理能力 , 包括启动事务 ( Begintrans) 、 提交事务(CommitTrans)及回滚事务(Rollback)

2.2 缺点

比使用数据控制项的方法编码量较大

只能进行间接的错误处理和错误恢复

对每个数据库操作没有细粒度的控制

对结果集和包含结果集的内丰资源的操作受到限制

同直接使用ODBC2.0API函数的方法相比性能较低

2.3 应用

应用程序需要在执行期间动态地建立表、字段及索引.

应用程序涉及同步更新几张表(但在逻辑上保持一致性)的复杂事务

应用程序使用结果集而不是Dynaset的窗体(FORMS),例如Snapshots或Tables,这里是设计要考虑的关键

应用程序的表非常大,多于1000条记录

应用程序具有复杂的数据输入/输出项,它涉及许多内部相关的字段并且包括数据库参照完整性或一致性规则

应用程序需要执行一些额外的操作和对结果集的查询后处理, 尤其是需要很高的数据格式化显示

应用程序需要利用复杂的ODBC管理功能以选择、配置、校验及建立各种数据源

应用程序需要在执行期间“显示”数据库的基本结构

应用程序需要使用复杂的多码索引方式来检索或更新记录

3 直接调用ODBC2.0API

3.1 优点

可以直接参与结果集的开发、管理及规范化

对结果集游标提供了更多的控制,并且提供了更多的游标类型和执行动作

能够确定ODBC驱动程序及SQL的一致性级别

可以更好地控制Windows的执行调度及资源利用

其他方面同其他方法差不多,因此这种方法很可能具有最好的性能

3.2 缺点

较其他两种方法需要大量的代码

代码复杂并且要求程序员具有编制API调用的经验

在网络上Visual Basic运行期间库的错误处理缺乏安全性,因此代码运行期间出现的错误所造成的后果会非常严重。

外文文献原文

Visual Basic language and arithmetic

  此文选自Advanced .NET 3.5 Programming，作者 McDonald, Zipuzita

  The United States launched the Microsoft Visual Basic (may be referred to VB), is the latest version of the current VB 2008 Beta2 (VB9) Chinese version.

  Visual meaning the visual, visible, referring to the development of operating systems like windows graphical user interface (Graphic User Interface, GUI) method, it does not need to prepare a large number code to describe the appearance of the interface elements and location, as long as the pre - The establishment of good drag and drop objects on the screen corresponding to the location.

  Basic is actually an abbreviation of the phrase; this phrase is Beginners all-purpose symbolic instruction code, the Chinese meaning "to the initial directive GM symbol code language."

  Visual Basic learning, Professional Edition and Enterprise Edition versions to meet the different needs of the development. Study and apply to the ordinary version of the majority of learners and the use of Visual Basic development of the general staff of Windows applications, but; professional version for computer professional development of staff, including the study of functional version of the full content control and Internet development tools such as advanced features ,Enterprise contain not only all the professional version of the content, there are automated tools such as Component Manager, professional programmers to make the development of a powerful group essence of distributed applications.

Visual Basic

Section 1 the summary of Visual Basic

Microsoft Visual Basic,( abbreviate VB )as tool the most of application program one of under Windows operating platform. No matter beginner or professional developer, VB has all offered a whole set of tools to them, Development application program that it can be relaxed and convenient. So VB as most computer first-selected the ABC of programming language of beginner.

" Visual" mean method to adopt visual user of development figure interface (GUI), need and write a large number of code go and describe interface appearance and position of element seldom, Tow and show controlling part that need corresponding position to get screen can help figure design interface, user of figure,; " Basic" means BASIC language, because VB is developed on the basis of already existing BAISC language.

VB is a kind of programming language in common use of Microsoft, It, including VBA of the numerous Windows application software use VB language in Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Accessed., For users to carry on the secondary development; Make web page use more VBScript script language sub collection of VB too at present.

Utilize data of VB visit characteristic user can establish the data base to most data base forms including Microsoft SQL Server and other enterprises data base With the application program of front, and adjustable service end part. Utilize ActiveX(TM) technology, VB can use word processor, electronic data list he Windows function that application program offers extremely, Excel of Microsoft,, Word of Microsoft,, Even can use by VB specialty edition or enterprise application program and target that edition establish directly.

The procedure that users established finally is a real .EXE file , can issue freely .

VB offer study edition, the specialty edition and enterprise edition, use to satisfied with different development demands. Study edition make programming personnel develop Windows and Windows application program of NT very easily. The specialty edition has offered the developing instrument with complete function to programming personnel of the specialty, Include studying all functions of edition in the specialty edition. Enterprise edition allow the professional personnel to establish strong distributed application program in the form of group. It includes all characteristics of the specialty edition. So can choose different editions according to different needs.

Section 2 integrated development environments

Integrated environment of VB call IDE, made up of a lot of parts , include title board, menu fence, tool fence, controlling part case, And window body window, engineering management device window, attribute window, code window and window body overall arrangement window body overall arrangement, etc. of designing etc.. Have covered all functions, such as design which develops the application program, editting, compiling and debugging, etc..

In VB, the application program calls the project too. When start VB and open a new project for the first time, can see and pursue integrated development environment interface that show.

Visual Basic Integrated development environment

VB come and organize development of application program through project, use project come and manage and form files of application program. One project uses the environment to make up by several window bodies, standard module generally. The system manages project through the project menu, for instance add the window body, quote . System allow turn on and manage a lot of projects besides.

Section 3 Visual Basic language brief introductions

Basic use and do the elementary high-level language that used often most. Its full name is Beginner' s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, abbreviate as BASIC. As its name suggests, Basic one specially for language that beginner design, because it easy to learn easy to know, So the body is popular. Early Basic language to belong to and solve translating type, so can carry out line by line , So it can see the result carried out at once , this is a very convenient design for beginner. But it have concept of structure either, one that is in procedure maintain and management have as much as other language problems. But back-end Basic correct shortcoming of the above (such as Quick Basic), make it may used for and develop the large-scaler procedure too.

The language is the basic composition, which forms VB procedure. VB has stipulated the form of sentences and function.

Grammar:

The sentence defines incantations [Sentence body]

Sentence define agree with and used in fixed function of sentence, sentence body appoint concrete content or want concrete operation that carry out of sentence. All set of sentence VB language, carry on with VB sentence organic association finish a certain specific function the procedure. Interface + procedure can solve a certain application problem.

VB application program code window write in" code editing machine" generally. " editing machine of code" is like the word processing software of a piece of height specialization, there are many easies function of writing VB code, Pursue to show [Example Ex-Hello ]In" code editing machine" code that window written.

“Editing machine of code” window

Section 4 develop the application program with Visual Basic

Use VB programming, design appearance of application program first generally, write every target procedure code or other treatment procedure of incident respectively, Work of programming should be light more.

The procedure of establishing the application program is as follows:

Establish application program interface

The interface is the mutual bridge of user and procedure, Generally formed of window body and vision frame of the button, menu, text frameset. with standard WINDOWS interface of application program that VB establish. Require according to function of procedure and user and need of information interchange of procedure, Come to confirm that need those targets , plan the overall arrangement of the interface.

2. Design by each attributes of target in interface

Demand and set up each attribute of target such as appearance, name,, size of targeted. according to interface of planning.

Most attribute person who fetch can set up through the attribute window when design already, Too can set up revising when operating in procedure through programming in procedure code. Have the targets respond programming by procedure code

3. Respond procedure code of programming target

Interface determine appearance of procedure only, design window add codes through" code editing machine" soon after the interface, Realize some make the tasks, such as responding, information processing,etc. after accepting external message, Add code , realize some response, information processing that make after accepting external information task, As editor's window of code pursued shows add codes

 “code editing machine” window

4. Keep project

One VB procedure one project, at the time of designing a application program, system will set up one be expanded and called. Project file of vbp, project file include all relevant information of file that project set up this, Keep project keep associated documents of project this at the same time. For example the window body produced when design interfaces is kept and being expanded and being called. Frm sum. In the window body of foxfire. At the time of opening a project( file), this project relevant files load at the same time.

5. Operate and debugged by procedure

Operate the procedure thoroughpin operate" selecting in the menu, when the mistake appears, VB system can offer information prompt can looked for and get rid of the mistake thoroughpin debug" within operate" menus too.

6. Can produce by executive program

For make procedure can break away from VB environment, order to become next life through" file"" producing project 1.exe" of menu but executive program (eyeful), Can carry out this file directly after this. In produce, + executive program, and then through install guide bale all associated documents, Can run independently after installation under the environment of windows 9 x/2000 as a software product.

In computer system's any software, is by the every large or small each kind of software constituent constitution, defers to the specific algorithm to realize respectively, the algorithm quality direct decision realizes the software performance fit and unfit quality. Designs the algorithm with any method, what resources designs the algorithm to need, requires how many running time, how many storage space, how to determine an algorithm the quality, when realizes a software, is must give to solve. In computer system's operating system, the language compiling system, the database management system as well as in various computer application system's software, must use each one concrete algorithm to realize. Therefore, the algorithm design and the analysis are the computer science and a technical core question.

The algorithm is the problem-solving step, we may define the algorithm Cheng Jie a determination class question the random one special method. In the computer science, the algorithm needs to use the computer algorithmic language to describe, the algorithm represents with the computer solves a kind of question precisely, the effective method. The algorithm construction of data = procedure, solves one to assign may calculate or the solvable question, the different person may compile the different procedure, solves the identical problem, here has two problems: First, with computational method close related algorithm question; Second, programming technical question. Between the algorithm and the procedure has the close relationship. The algorithm is a group has the poor rule, they had stipulated solves some specific type question a series of operations, is to the problem solving plan accurate and the complete description. Formulates an algorithm, generally must pass through stages and so on design, confirmation, analysis, code, test, debugging, time. To algorithm study including five aspect contents:① Design algorithm. The algorithm design work is impossible completely the automation, should study the understanding already by the practice to prove that was the useful some basic algorithm design method, these basic design method was not only suitable for the computer science, moreover was suitable for domains and so on electrical engineering, operations research;② Expresses the algorithm. The description algorithm's method has many kinds of forms, for example the natural language and the algorithmic language, have the suitable environment and the characteristic respectively;③Confirms the algorithm. The algorithm confirmed the goal is causes the people to believe firmly that this algorithm can work unmistakably correctly, namely this algorithm has the circularity. The correct algorithm describes with the computer algorithmic language, constitutes the computer program, the computer program moves on the computer, obtains the algorithm operation result;④ Parsing algorithm. The algorithmic analysis is requires how many computing time and the storage space to an algorithm makes the quota the analysis. The parsing algorithm may forecast that what environment this algorithm does suit in moves effectively, to solves the identical question different algorithm validity to make the comparison;⑤ Confirmation algorithm. With machine language description algorithm whether can calculate effectively, reasonable, must carry on the test to the procedure, the test order work and makes the space and time distribution map by the debugging to be composed.

But the algorithm has certain characteristic, it includes:① Determinism. Algorithm each kind of operation must have the determination significance, this kind of operation should carry out what kind of movement should not to have the ambiguity, the goal is clear;② Effectiveness. Requests the operation which in the algorithm waits for realizing is basic, each kind of operation can at least completes in the principle by the human with the paper and the pen in the limited time;③ Input. An algorithm has 0 or the many inputs, before the algorithm operation starts gives the algorithm to need the data the starting value, these inputs are from the specific object set;④ Output. Does for the algorithm operation result, an algorithm has or many outputs, the output has some kind of specific relational quantity with the input;⑤ Has poor. An algorithm always after carrying out had the poor step operation has terminated, namely this algorithm was may reach.

Satisfies a first four characteristic group of rule not to be able to be called the algorithm, can only be called the computational process, the operating system is a computational process example, the operating system uses for to manage the computer resources, controls the manufacture industry movement, when has not made industry the movement, the computational process does not stop, but is at the waiting status.

The algorithm complexity is the algorithm efficiency measure, when appraises the algorithm performance, the complexity is an important basis. The algorithm complex degree with moves computer resources how many which this algorithm needs related, needs the resources are more, indicated that this algorithm the complexity is higher; Needs the resources are less, indicated that this algorithm the complexity is lower.

The spatial resources, which computer’s resources, operate most importantly, needs the time which and the stored routine and the data need, the algorithm complexity has division time complexity and the spatial complexity.

The algorithm carries out the operation on the computer, needs the data which certain storage space depositing description algorithm the procedure and the algorithm need, the computer completes the operation task to require certain time. The procedure which writes according to the different algorithm places when on the computer operates, needs the time and the space are different, the algorithm complexity is needs the time and the spatial one kind of measure to the algorithm operation. The different computer its operating speed difference is very big, is weighing an algorithm the complexity to note this point.

Regarding question, which assigns willfully, a profitable target which designs, the complex low algorithm is as far as possible when designs algorithm considered. Moreover, when the question, which assigns already when has many kinds of algorithms, an important criterion which choice complexity low, is when selects algorithm should follow. Therefore, the algorithm complex analysis or selects to the algorithm design has the important guiding sense and the use value.

    When discussion algorithm complexity, two questions need to clarify:

(1)   An algorithm's complexity expresses with what kind of quantity;

(2)   How to calculate one to assign the algorithm the complexity. After finding solves a question the algorithm, is this algorithm realization, as for whether could find the method which realized, was decided in the algorithm circularity and the computation complexity, whether this question did have the solution algorithm, whether to provide the time resources which and the spatial resources the algorithm needed.