基于freertos的嵌入式系统开发（八）FreeRTOS的TCB

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本文介绍了FreeRTOS中TCB（任务控制块）的作用及其详细结构。TCB是FreeRTOS为每个任务分配的唯一数据结构，用于保存任务状态、优先级等关键信息。文章深入讲解了TCB各成员变量的功能，并探讨了它们如何支持任务调度。

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基于freertos的嵌入式系统开发（八）FreeRTOS的TCB

简介

FreeRTOS为了实现任务调度。首先就需要定义任务调度的数据结构，来保存任务堆栈结构、任务状态、任务ID、任务的优先级等信息。这些信息集中存放在Task control block，即TCB，每个Task被分配唯一的TCB，TCB重要信息有：

1.栈顶指针pxTopOfStack，必须是TCB的第一个成员，指针指向任务栈顶。任务在调度过程中，随着状态的不同，还有压栈或出栈操作，所以，该指针声明为volatile ，禁止编译器优化。

2.状态列表项（xStateListItem），通项记录TCB所在状态。任务调度时候，该列表项在就绪列表，当前运行项，等待列表不停切换。如下图：
在这里插入图片描述

3.任务优先级（uxPriority）

其他辅助选项。

TCB的定义

freertos的TCB对应如下：

typedef struct tskTaskControlBlock /* The old naming convention is used to prevent breaking kernel aware debuggers. /
{
volatile StackType_t * pxTopOfStack; /< 栈顶指针，中断或任务切换时，会对任务压栈，恢复运行时，会出栈，栈顶指针就跟着变化Points to the location of the last item placed on the tasks stack. THIS MUST BE THE FIRST MEMBER OF THE TCB STRUCT. */

#if ( portUSING_MPU_WRAPPERS == 1 )  //MPU相关设置
    xMPU_SETTINGS xMPUSettings; /*< The MPU settings are defined as part of the port layer.  THIS MUST BE THE SECOND MEMBER OF THE TCB STRUCT. */
#endif

ListItem_t xStateListItem;                  /*< 状态列表项，不同的状态会挂接在不同的状态链表下 The list that the state list item of a task is reference from denotes the state of that task (Ready, Blocked, Suspended ). */
ListItem_t xEventListItem;                  /*< Event列表项，不同的event会挂接到不同事件链表下Used to reference a task from an event list. */
UBaseType_t uxPriority;                     /*< 优先级，0最底，数字越大优先级越高The priority of the task.  0 is the lowest priority. */
StackType_t * pxStack;                      /*<堆栈起始地址 Points to the start of the stack. */
char pcTaskName[ configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN ]; /*< 任务名称存储区Descriptive name given to the task when created.  Facilitates debugging only. */ /*lint !e971 Unqualified char types are allowed for strings and single characters only. */

// 根据栈是否向上生长，决定是否定义pxEndOfStack，用于栈溢出判定
#if ( ( portSTACK_GROWTH > 0 ) || ( configRECORD_STACK_HIGH_ADDRESS == 1 ) )
    StackType_t * pxEndOfStack; /*< Points to the highest valid address for the stack. */
#endif
//支持嵌套时，记录临界段的嵌套层数,
#if ( portCRITICAL_NESTING_IN_TCB == 1 )
    UBaseType_t uxCriticalNesting; /*< Holds the critical section nesting depth for ports that do not maintain their own count in the port layer. */
#endif

  //调试跟踪项定义，保存一个tcb编号和一个task编号，每个任务都不同
#if ( configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY == 1 )
    UBaseType_t uxTCBNumber;  /*< Stores a number that increments each time a TCB is created.  It allows debuggers to determine when a task has been deleted and then recreated. */
    UBaseType_t uxTaskNumber; /*< Stores a number specifically for use by third party trace code. */
#endif

//支持互斥信号时，记录互斥信号量个数
#if ( configUSE_MUTEXES == 1 )
    UBaseType_t uxBasePriority; /*< The priority last assigned to the task - used by the priority inheritance mechanism. */
    UBaseType_t uxMutexesHeld;
#endif
// task的钩子函数配置，
#if ( configUSE_APPLICATION_TASK_TAG == 1 )
    TaskHookFunction_t pxTaskTag;
#endif

 //任务的线程本地存储指针，本task私有的存储空间
#if ( configNUM_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE_POINTERS > 0 )
    void * pvThreadLocalStoragePointers[ configNUM_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE_POINTERS ];
#endif

  //记录task总运行时间变量
#if ( configGENERATE_RUN_TIME_STATS == 1 )
    configRUN_TIME_COUNTER_TYPE ulRunTimeCounter; /*< Stores the amount of time the task has spent in the Running state. */
#endif

#if ( configUSE_NEWLIB_REENTRANT == 1 )

    /* Allocate a Newlib reent structure that is specific to this task.
     * Note Newlib support has been included by popular demand, but is not
     * used by the FreeRTOS maintainers themselves.  FreeRTOS is not
     * responsible for resulting newlib operation.  User must be familiar with
     * newlib and must provide system-wide implementations of the necessary
     * stubs. Be warned that (at the time of writing) the current newlib design
     * implements a system-wide malloc() that must be provided with locks.
     *
     * See the third party link http://www.nadler.com/embedded/newlibAndFreeRTOS.html
     * for additional information. */
    struct  _reent xNewLib_reent;
#endif

 /* 根据配置定义任务通知相关变量 */
#if ( configUSE_TASK_NOTIFICATIONS == 1 )
    volatile uint32_t ulNotifiedValue[ configTASK_NOTIFICATION_ARRAY_ENTRIES ];
    volatile uint8_t ucNotifyState[ configTASK_NOTIFICATION_ARRAY_ENTRIES ];
#endif

/* See the comments in FreeRTOS.h with the definition of
 * tskSTATIC_AND_DYNAMIC_ALLOCATION_POSSIBLE.
 根据动态创建任务配置项，定义ucStaticallyAllocated变量标识 */
#if ( tskSTATIC_AND_DYNAMIC_ALLOCATION_POSSIBLE != 0 ) /*lint !e731 !e9029 Macro has been consolidated for readability reasons. */
    uint8_t ucStaticallyAllocated;                     /*< Set to pdTRUE if the task is a statically allocated to ensure no attempt is made to free the memory. */
#endif

/* delay 结束标识 */
#if ( INCLUDE_xTaskAbortDelay == 1 )
    uint8_t ucDelayAborted;
#endif

#if ( configUSE_POSIX_ERRNO == 1 )
    int iTaskErrno;
#endif

} tskTCB;