问题概述
人们善于辨认经历过的事物,不擅长回想事物[1]。
示例
用途
- 用于当询问用户并收集到他们的品味和喜好的数据后,想最大限度地利用这些数据时;
- 用于想将用户输入数据时耗费的认知能量降到最低时[2];
- 用于想通过辨认而非回想的方式深刻理解用户的喜好[3];
- 用于让用户轻松愉快地说出他们的品味和喜好。
解决方案
不要让用户回想数据,而是列出一组项目,每个项目代表一类数据。不要让用户通过回想列出事物,尝试用明确的、随机的和智能的选项来补充或替换空表单字段,以便用户选择或评价。可以使用视觉图像、自动完成和多项选择。[4]
如果热衷于让用户回想事物,可以考虑用明确的、随机的和智能的选项来补充或替换空表单字段,以便用户选择或评价。
用户界面设计中,从回想转变为辨认的经典案例之一是现代GUI(图形用户界面)界面逐步地替换以前的命令行界面,例如DOS或UNIX提示符。学习命令行界面中的各种命令所花的精力之大,让计算机难以使用。而现代GUI界面中的菜单中包含命令,简化了计算机的使用方式,淘汰了回想命令的方式。
降低回想需求
尽可能降低回想信息的需求,使用易于访问的菜单、多项选择、自动完成建议或视觉图像来辅助决策[5]。
说明
人们善于根据上下文进行辨认。 开着收音机,人们可以跟着唱出成千首歌的歌词。
回想不需要上下文,但人们不善长回想。关掉收音机,人们的记忆会不可避免地退化。
辨认与回想之间的不平衡存在于人类感官中,是设计中的巨大影响因素。
辨认 VS 回想
从一组选项中点选要比回想列出这些选项容易得多。辨认式任务提供记忆线索,便于通过记忆搜索,因此辨认事物比从回想事物更容易。选做选择题比做填空题容易,因为选择题中有一组可能的答案,从中选择比较容易。开放式问答题没有记忆线索,因此答案的范围比较广。
辨认不需要来源、情境或相关性的记忆
辨认比回想容易得多。通过接触获得辨认型记忆,通过选择得到回想型记忆。辨认不需要来源、情境或相关性的记忆,而回想通常涉及记忆、实践和应用的某种组合。此外,辨认型记忆比回想型记忆能保留更长的时间——回想熟人的名字比听到时辨认出来更难。[6]
原文地址:https://ui-patterns.com/patterns/Recognition-over-recall
[1]原文:We are better at recognizing things previously experienced than we are at recalling them from memory
[2]原文:Use when you want to minimize the amount of cognitive energy spent by the users inputting data.关于认知能量的介绍:https://www.jianshu.com/p/499bee0cd270
[3]原文:Use when you want to gain a broader insight into users’ preferences through recognition than what they usually tell recalling from memory.
[4]原文:Instead of asking users to recall data from their memory, present a list of items which each represent a certain category of data. Instead of asking users to list things from memory, try complementing or replacing empty form fields with defined, random, and intelligent choices to choose or rate. Use visual imagery, auto-complete, and multiple-choice options.
[5]原文:Minimize the need to recall information from memory whenever possible. Use easily accessible menus, multiple choice options, auto-complete suggestions, or visual imagery to aid decisions.
[6]原文:Recognition memory is much easier to access than recall memory. While recognition memory is obtained through exposure, recall memory is obtained through learning. Recognition does not necessarily involve memory about origin, context, or relevance while recall usually involves some combination of of memorization, practice and application. Furthermore recognition memory is retained for longer periods of time than recall memory – it is harder to recall the name of an acquaintance than it is to recognize it when heard.