Linux Dash后端单元测试:Mocha与Chai测试框架应用
1. 测试环境搭建
1.1 测试框架选择
Linux Dash后端采用Node.js/Express架构,选择Mocha作为测试运行器(Test Runner),Chai作为断言库(Assertion Library)。Mocha提供灵活的测试组织方式,支持异步测试和自定义报告;Chai提供BDD/TDD风格的断言语法,增强测试代码可读性。
1.2 环境准备
# 克隆项目仓库
git clone https://gitcode.com/gh_mirrors/li/linux-dash
cd linux-dash
# 安装测试依赖(假设Node.js环境已配置)
npm install mocha chai --save-dev
2. 测试用例设计
2.1 核心测试目标
Linux Dash后端index.js
提供三大核心功能,对应测试场景如下:
功能模块 | 测试类型 | 关键断言点 |
---|---|---|
HTTP服务器启动 | 集成测试 | 端口监听成功、200状态码返回 |
API数据接口 | 功能测试 | JSON格式验证、状态码校验 |
WebSocket通信 | 端到端测试 | 连接建立、数据推送完整性 |
2.2 测试用例结构
test/
├── server.test.js # 主测试文件
├── api/ # API测试模块
│ ├── cpu.test.js # CPU监控接口测试
│ └── disk.test.js # 磁盘监控接口测试
└── websocket.test.js # WebSocket测试
3. 核心测试实现
3.1 HTTP服务器基础测试
const { expect } = require('chai');
const http = require('http');
const server = require('../app/server/index.js');
describe('HTTP Server Initialization', () => {
after((done) => {
server.close(done); // 测试结束后关闭服务器
});
it('should start server on port 80', (done) => {
http.get('http://localhost:80', (res) => {
expect(res.statusCode).to.equal(200);
done();
});
});
it('should serve static files from /app directory', (done) => {
http.get('http://localhost:80/index.html', (res) => {
expect(res.headers['content-type']).to.include('text/html');
done();
});
});
});
3.2 API接口测试
针对/server
端点的动态数据接口测试:
describe('API Endpoint: /server', () => {
it('should return 200 for valid module', (done) => {
http.get('http://localhost:80/server?module=cpu', (res) => {
expect(res.statusCode).to.equal(200);
done();
});
});
it('should return 500 for invalid module', (done) => {
http.get('http://localhost:80/server?module=invalid', (res) => {
expect(res.statusCode).to.equal(500);
done();
});
});
it('should return JSON formatted data', (done) => {
http.get('http://localhost:80/server?module=memory', (res) => {
let data = '';
res.on('data', (chunk) => data += chunk);
res.on('end', () => {
expect(() => JSON.parse(data)).not.to.throw(); // 验证JSON格式
const result = JSON.parse(data);
expect(result).to.have.property('total'); // 内存数据特有字段
done();
});
});
});
});
3.3 WebSocket通信测试
使用ws
模块模拟客户端连接测试:
const WebSocket = require('ws');
describe('WebSocket Service', () => {
it('should establish connection', (done) => {
const ws = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:80');
ws.on('open', () => {
expect(ws.readyState).to.equal(WebSocket.OPEN);
ws.close();
done();
});
});
it('should receive CPU data on request', (done) => {
const ws = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:80');
ws.on('open', () => {
ws.send('cpu'); // 请求CPU数据
});
ws.on('message', (data) => {
const result = JSON.parse(data);
expect(result.moduleName).to.equal('cpu');
expect(result.output).to.include('usage');
ws.close();
done();
});
});
});
3. 测试执行与报告
3.1 配置测试脚本
修改package.json
添加测试命令:
{
"scripts": {
"test": "mocha test/**/*.test.js --reporter spec",
"test:coverage": "nyc mocha test/**/*.test.js"
}
}
3.2 运行测试与结果分析
# 执行基础测试
npm test
# 生成覆盖率报告(需额外安装nyc)
npm install nyc --save-dev
npm run test:coverage
测试报告样例:
HTTP Server Initialization
✓ should start server on port 80
✓ should serve static files from /app directory
API Endpoint: /server
✓ should return 200 for valid module
✓ should return 500 for invalid module
✓ should return JSON formatted data
WebSocket Service
✓ should establish connection
✓ should receive CPU data on request
7 passing (1.23s)
4. 测试最佳实践
4.1 异步测试处理
Linux Dash大量依赖异步I/O(如child_process.spawn
调用linux_json_api.sh
),测试中需正确处理异步流程:
// 使用done回调处理异步
it('async test example', (done) => {
setTimeout(() => {
expect(1 + 1).to.equal(2);
done(); // 必须调用done标识完成
}, 1000);
});
// 或使用async/await
it('async/await example', async () => {
const result = await new Promise(resolve => {
setTimeout(() => resolve(2), 1000);
});
expect(result).to.equal(2);
});
4.2 测试隔离与Mock
对getPluginData
等核心函数进行Mock,避免测试依赖外部脚本:
const sinon = require('sinon'); // 需安装sinon
const { expect } = require('chai');
const server = require('../app/server/index.js');
describe('getPluginData', () => {
beforeEach(() => {
// Mock child_process.spawn
sinon.stub(require('child_process'), 'spawn').returns({
stdout: { on: (event, cb) => cb('{"test": "data"}') },
on: (event, cb) => cb(0) // 模拟命令成功退出
});
});
afterEach(() => {
require('child_process').spawn.restore();
});
it('should parse script output', (done) => {
server.getPluginData('test', (code, output) => {
expect(code).to.equal(0);
expect(output).to.deep.equal(['{"test": "data"}']);
done();
});
});
});
5. 常见问题解决方案
5.1 端口冲突问题
测试环境与开发环境端口冲突时,动态指定测试端口:
// 在测试文件顶部添加
process.env.LINUX_DASH_SERVER_PORT = 3000; // 测试专用端口
const server = require('../app/server/index.js');
5.2 异步测试超时
Mocha默认超时时间为2秒,可通过this.timeout()
调整:
it('long running test', function() {
this.timeout(5000); // 延长超时至5秒
// ... 耗时测试逻辑
});
6. 测试架构演进
6.1 测试金字塔实现
创作声明:本文部分内容由AI辅助生成(AIGC),仅供参考