python中shape用法详解

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#pythonshape多维矩阵

本文详细介绍了使用NumPy进行数组创建、初始化以及索引操作的方法。通过实例展示了np.array、np.ones及np.random.randn等函数的用法，并解释了如何通过索引获取多维数组中的特定元素。

摘要生成于 C知道 ，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持， 前往体验 >

一   np.array
np.array()创建时需要几个维度就要用几个[ ]括起来,这种创建方式要给定数据；

二   np.ones
 

然后print m[1,：,：,：]，：代表默认值（就是一开始你输入时指定的值），这句代码相当于输出2个包中的第1个包（从0开始计数），这个包里面有3个小包，小包里面是2*3的二维数组，所以结果就是上面的~
然后print m[：,1,：,：]，相当于输出2个大包，每个大包输出第1个二包取出来
然后print m[：,：,1,：]，相当于输出2个大包，每个大包输出3个二包，二包里面第一个三包取出来
然后print m[：,：,：,1]，相当于输出2个大包，每个大包输出3个二包，二包里面取三包的第一个数，组成1*2数组


三 np.random.randn
def zero_pad(X, pad):
    """
    Pad with zeros all images of the dataset X. The padding is applied to the height and width of an image, 
    as illustrated in Figure 1.

    Argument:
    X -- python numpy array of shape (m, n_H, n_W, n_C) representing a batch of m images
    pad -- integer, amount of padding around each image on vertical and horizontal dimensions

    Returns:
    X_pad -- padded image of shape (m, n_H + 2*pad, n_W + 2*pad, n_C)
    """

    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 1 line)
    X_pad = np.pad(X, ((0,0), (pad,pad), (pad,pad), (0,0)), 'constant')
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    return X_pad
x=np.random.randn(4,3,3,2)
print ("x",x)
x_pad = zero_pad(x, 2)
print (x_pad)
x [[[[  6.23362177e-01  -4.34956683e-01]
   [  1.40754000e+00   1.29101580e-01]
   [  1.61694960e+00   5.02740882e-01]]

  [[  1.55880554e+00   1.09402696e-01]
   [ -1.21974440e+00   2.44936865e+00]
   [ -5.45774168e-01  -1.98837863e-01]]

  [[ -7.00398505e-01  -2.03394449e-01]
   [  2.42669441e-01   2.01830179e-01]
   [  6.61020288e-01   1.79215821e+00]]]


 [[[ -1.20464572e-01  -1.23312074e+00]
   [ -1.18231813e+00  -6.65754518e-01]
   [ -1.67419581e+00   8.25029824e-01]]

  [[ -4.98213564e-01  -3.10984978e-01]
   [ -1.89148284e-03  -1.39662042e+00]
   [ -8.61316361e-01   6.74711526e-01]]

  [[  6.18539131e-01  -4.43171931e-01]
   [  1.81053491e+00  -1.30572692e+00]
   [ -3.44987210e-01  -2.30839743e-01]]]


 [[[ -2.79308500e+00   1.93752881e+00]
   [  3.66332015e-01  -1.04458938e+00]
   [  2.05117344e+00   5.85662000e-01]]

  [[  4.29526140e-01  -6.06998398e-01]
   [  1.06222724e-01  -1.52568032e+00]
   [  7.95026094e-01  -3.74438319e-01]]

  [[  1.34048197e-01   1.20205486e+00]
   [  2.84748111e-01   2.62467445e-01]
   [  2.76499305e-01  -7.33271604e-01]]]


 [[[  8.36004719e-01   1.54335911e+00]
   [  7.58805660e-01   8.84908814e-01]
   [ -8.77281519e-01  -8.67787223e-01]]

  [[ -1.44087602e+00   1.23225307e+00]
   [ -2.54179868e-01   1.39984394e+00]
   [ -7.81911683e-01  -4.37508983e-01]]

  [[  9.54250872e-02   9.21450069e-01]
   [  6.07501958e-02   2.11124755e-01]
   [  1.65275673e-02   1.77187720e-01]]]]
[[[[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  6.23362177e-01  -4.34956683e-01]
   [  1.40754000e+00   1.29101580e-01]
   [  1.61694960e+00   5.02740882e-01]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  1.55880554e+00   1.09402696e-01]
   [ -1.21974440e+00   2.44936865e+00]
   [ -5.45774168e-01  -1.98837863e-01]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [ -7.00398505e-01  -2.03394449e-01]
   [  2.42669441e-01   2.01830179e-01]
   [  6.61020288e-01   1.79215821e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]]


 [[[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [ -1.20464572e-01  -1.23312074e+00]
   [ -1.18231813e+00  -6.65754518e-01]
   [ -1.67419581e+00   8.25029824e-01]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [ -4.98213564e-01  -3.10984978e-01]
   [ -1.89148284e-03  -1.39662042e+00]
   [ -8.61316361e-01   6.74711526e-01]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  6.18539131e-01  -4.43171931e-01]
   [  1.81053491e+00  -1.30572692e+00]
   [ -3.44987210e-01  -2.30839743e-01]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]]


 [[[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [ -2.79308500e+00   1.93752881e+00]
   [  3.66332015e-01  -1.04458938e+00]
   [  2.05117344e+00   5.85662000e-01]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  4.29526140e-01  -6.06998398e-01]
   [  1.06222724e-01  -1.52568032e+00]
   [  7.95026094e-01  -3.74438319e-01]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  1.34048197e-01   1.20205486e+00]
   [  2.84748111e-01   2.62467445e-01]
   [  2.76499305e-01  -7.33271604e-01]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]]


 [[[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  8.36004719e-01   1.54335911e+00]
   [  7.58805660e-01   8.84908814e-01]
   [ -8.77281519e-01  -8.67787223e-01]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [ -1.44087602e+00   1.23225307e+00]
   [ -2.54179868e-01   1.39984394e+00]
   [ -7.81911683e-01  -4.37508983e-01]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  9.54250872e-02   9.21450069e-01]
   [  6.07501958e-02   2.11124755e-01]
   [  1.65275673e-02   1.77187720e-01]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]

  [[  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]
   [  0.00000000e+00   0.00000000e+00]]]]

print (x[1,1])#同print（x（[1,1,:,:]））
print (x_pad[1,1])#同print（x_pad([1,1,:,:])）
[[ 2.19069973 -1.89636092]
 [-0.64691669  0.90148689]
 [ 2.52832571 -0.24863478]]
[[[[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.52946532  0.13770121]
   [ 0.07782113  0.61838026]
   [ 0.23249456  0.68255141]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [-0.31011677 -2.43483776]
   [ 1.0388246   2.18697965]
   [ 0.44136444 -0.10015523]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [-0.13644474 -0.11905419]
   [ 0.01740941 -1.12201873]
   [-0.51709446 -0.99702683]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]]


 [[[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.24879916 -0.29664115]
   [ 0.49521132 -0.17470316]
   [ 0.98633519  0.2135339 ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 2.19069973 -1.89636092]
   [-0.64691669  0.90148689]
   [ 2.52832571 -0.24863478]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.04366899 -0.22631424]
   [ 1.33145711 -0.28730786]
   [ 0.68006984 -0.3198016 ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]]


 [[[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [-1.27255876  0.31354772]
   [ 0.50318481  1.29322588]
   [-0.11044703 -0.61736206]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.5627611   0.24073709]
   [ 0.28066508 -0.0731127 ]
   [ 1.16033857  0.36949272]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 1.90465871  1.1110567 ]
   [ 0.6590498  -1.62743834]
   [ 0.60231928  0.4202822 ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]]


 [[[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.81095167  1.04444209]
   [-0.40087819  0.82400562]
   [-0.56230543  1.95487808]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [-1.33195167 -1.76068856]
   [-1.65072127 -0.89055558]
   [-1.1191154   1.9560789 ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [-0.3264995  -1.34267579]
   [ 1.11438298 -0.58652394]
   [-1.23685338  0.87583893]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]

  [[ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]
   [ 0.          0.        ]]]]
x=np.random.randn(4,3,3,2)
print (x[0,:,:,0])#取第0个大包里面三个二包里面三个三包里面第0个数据排成1*3数组
x [[[[ 1.62434536 -0.61175641]
   [-0.52817175 -1.07296862]
   [ 0.86540763 -2.3015387 ]]

  [[ 1.74481176 -0.7612069 ]
   [ 0.3190391  -0.24937038]
   [ 1.46210794 -2.06014071]]

  [[-0.3224172  -0.38405435]
   [ 1.13376944 -1.09989127]
   [-0.17242821 -0.87785842]]]


 [[[ 0.04221375  0.58281521]
   [-1.10061918  1.14472371]
   [ 0.90159072  0.50249434]]

  [[ 0.90085595 -0.68372786]
   [-0.12289023 -0.93576943]
   [-0.26788808  0.53035547]]

  [[-0.69166075 -0.39675353]
   [-0.6871727  -0.84520564]
   [-0.67124613 -0.0126646 ]]]


 [[[-1.11731035  0.2344157 ]
   [ 1.65980218  0.74204416]
   [-0.19183555 -0.88762896]]

  [[-0.74715829  1.6924546 ]
   [ 0.05080775 -0.63699565]
   [ 0.19091548  2.10025514]]

  [[ 0.12015895  0.61720311]
   [ 0.30017032 -0.35224985]
   [-1.1425182  -0.34934272]]]


 [[[-0.20889423  0.58662319]
   [ 0.83898341  0.93110208]
   [ 0.28558733  0.88514116]]

  [[-0.75439794  1.25286816]
   [ 0.51292982 -0.29809284]
   [ 0.48851815 -0.07557171]]

  [[ 1.13162939  1.51981682]
   [ 2.18557541 -1.39649634]
   [-1.44411381 -0.50446586]]]]
[[ 1.62434536 -0.52817175  0.86540763]
 [ 1.74481176  0.3190391   1.46210794]
 [-0.3224172   1.13376944 -0.17242821]]






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