Docker学习 -- 使用Docker 的Dockerfile构建tomcat容器，在线部署web项目

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本文详细介绍如何在 IntelliJ IDEA 中创建一个 Spring MVC Web 应用，并集成 MyBatis 和 Maven，实现自动化部署到 Docker 容器化的 Tomcat 服务器上。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

一、.使用ieda 创建一个webapp 工程如下图：

二、加入spring mvc 等一下依赖包，配置等，如下：

1. 工程结构如下：

2. pom.xml 文件完整如

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.harris.app</groupId>
  <artifactId>tomcatci</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>tomcatci Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <properties>
    <!-- spring版本号 -->
    <spring.version>4.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <!-- 表示开发的时候引入，发布的时候不会加载此包 -->
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- spring核心包 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 导入java ee jar 包 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax</groupId>
      <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
      <version>7.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- JSTL标签类 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 映入JSON -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.13</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 上传组件包 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
      <version>2.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
      <version>1.9</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>


    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/java</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>**/*.properties</include>
          <include>**/*.xml</include>
        </includes>
        <!-- 是否替换资源中的属性-->
        <filtering>false</filtering>
      </resource>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
        <configuration>
          <url>http://10.11.3.135:8080/manager/text</url>
          <server>tomcat7</server>
          <path>/${project.artifactId}</path>
          <update>true</update>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

以上需要注意是在加入的maven 的插件处的url 地址ip为虚机的ip，server处的tomcat7要与下面在maven中配置的server要一样

3. spring-mvc.xml完整文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd  
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd  
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc  
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">

   <!--避免IE执行AJAX时，返回JSON出现下载文件 -->
   <bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"
      class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter">
      <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
         <list>
            <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
         </list>
      </property>
   </bean>

   <!-- 启动SpringMVC的注解功能，完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->
   <bean
      class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
      <property name="messageConverters">
         <list>
            <!-- JSON转换器 -->
            <ref bean="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" />
         </list>
      </property>
   </bean>

   <!-- 对静态资源的访问 -->
   <!-- <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/" /><mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" 
      location="/css/" /> -->

   <!-- 自动扫描该包，使SpringMVC认为包下用了@controller注解的类是控制器 -->
   <context:component-scan base-package="com.harris.app.controller" />

   <!-- 添加注解驱动 -->
   <mvc:annotation-driven enable-matrix-variables="true" />
   <!-- 允许对静态资源文件的访问 -->

   <mvc:default-servlet-handler />

   <!-- 定义跳转的文件的前后缀 ，视图模式配置 -->
   <bean
      class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
      <!-- 这里的配置我的理解是自动给后面action的方法return的字符串加上前缀和后缀，变成一个 可用的url地址 -->
      <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
      <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
   </bean>

   <!-- 配置文件上传，如果没有使用文件上传可以不用配置，当然如果不配，那么配置文件中也不必引入上传组件包 -->
   <bean id="multipartResolver"
      class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
      <!-- 默认编码 -->
      <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8" />
      <!-- 文件大小最大值 -->
      <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760000" />
      <!-- 内存中的最大值 -->
      <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960" />
   </bean>
</beans>

4.spring-mybatis.xml 完整文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd  
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">
   <!-- 自动扫描 -->
   <context:component-scan base-package="com.harris" />
</beans>

5.web.xml 完整文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
         version="3.0">
  <!-- Spring和mybatis的配置文件 -->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:spring-mybatis.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <!-- 编码过滤器 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <async-supported>true</async-supported>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <!-- Spring监听器 -->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <!-- 防止Spring内存溢出监听器 -->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <!-- Spring MVC servlet -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    <async-supported>true</async-supported>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
    <!-- 此处可以可以配置成*.do，对应struts的后缀习惯 -->
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>/index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

6.HelloController.java 完整文件如下：

package com.harris.app.controller;


import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
public class HelloController {

   private static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

   @RequestMapping("/hello")
   public String toIndex(HttpServletRequest request, Model model) {
      String name = request.getParameter("name");
      model.addAttribute("name", name);
      model.addAttribute("time", sdf.format(new Date()));
      Map<String, String> map = System.getenv();
      model.addAttribute("serviceSource", map.get("TOMCAT_SERVER_ID"));
      return "hello";
   }
}

7.　hello.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
   pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Pragma" CONTENT="no-cache">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Cache-Control" CONTENT="no-cache">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" CONTENT="0">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Hello</title>
<style>
.importentspan{
    color:#00F;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>您好${name}，这是来自<span class="importentspan">${serviceSource}</span>的问候！${time}
</body>
</html>

三、设置maven ，在你的maven安装目录conf中的settings.xml中，在servers中加入以下内容

<server>
       <id>tomcat7</id>
       <username>harris</username>
       <password>123456</password>
     </server>

四、先来到你的虚拟机中,先下载一个包含了jdk8的tomcat7.077镜像

docker pull tomcat:7.0.77-jre8

2. 从其它的tomcat安装文件中复制两个文件到一个目录下，我这为 /cloud/tomcatci ，两个文件为server.xml, tomcat-user.xml

3.修改server.xml

此处加入URIEncoding="UTF-8",保存

4. 修改tomcat-user.xml,加入用户和角色

这里的username 和password和你maven中加入的server 中的一样，保存

5.这里开始制作tomcat镜像，先创建一个Dockerfile文件，内容如下：

#基础镜像
FROM tomcat:7.0.77-jre8

#作者
MAINTAINER test  

#定义工作目录
ENV WORK_PATH /usr/local/tomcat/conf

#定义要替换的文件名
ENV USER_CONF_FILE_NAME tomcat-users.xml

#定义要替换的server.xml文件名
ENV SERVER_CONF_FILE_NAME server.xml

#删除原文件tomcat-users.xml
RUN rm $WORK_PATH/$USER_CONF_FILE_NAME

#复制文件tomcat-users.xml
COPY  ./$USER_CONF_FILE_NAME $WORK_PATH/

#删除原文件server.xml
RUN rm $WORK_PATH/$SERVER_CONF_FILE_NAME

#复制文件server.xml
COPY  ./$SERVER_CONF_FILE_NAME $WORK_PATH/

6. cd 到/cloud/tomcatci目录下，一共有三个文件 Dockerfile,server.xml,tomcat-user.xml，执行以下命令，构建镜像：

docker build -t tomcatci .

7. 启动一个tomcat实例

docker run --name=tomcat001 -p 8080:8080 -e TOMCAT_SERVER_ID=tomcat_server_001 -idt tomcatci

启动完后，可以在浏览中访问http://10.11.3.135:8080 ,就可以看到tomcat的界面

8.发布工程到tomcat中，打开命令行界面,切换到你工程目录，执行maven的构建命令，前题你得将maven加入到系统环境变量中

mvn clean package -U -Dmaven.test.skip=true tomcat7:redeploy

看到打包成包后 ,进入到你tomcat中的Manager App 中就会看你的工程名称

再次访问http://10.11.3.135:8080/tomcatci/hello?name=test,就会看到以下界面：

可以再次修改工程内容，再次构建部署查看变化

参考引用：

http://blog.csdn.net/boling_cavalry/article/details/70184605