利用SpringBoot中的RestTemplate实现反向代理-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/java_beautiful/article/details/149074169

今天分享另一种利用RestTemplate客户端工具来实现简单而高效的反向代理功能，底层无论使用哪种web服务均可使用。

什么是反向代理

反向代理是指以代理服务器接收客户端请求，然后将请求转发给内部服务器，并将内部服务器的响应返回给客户端。

客户端只与反向代理服务器通信，不直接访问内部服务器。

为什么选择RestTemplate实现反向代理

集成便捷：RestTemplate是Spring框架的核心组件，在SpringBoot项目中使用非常方便 功能丰富：支持各种HTTP方法、请求头处理、响应类型转换等 可定制性强：可以通过配置ClientHttpRequestFactory来自定义连接池、超时等参数 便于扩展：可以结合拦截器实现更复杂的代理逻辑

实现步骤

1. 添加依赖

首先在pom.xml中添加必要的依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.14</version>
</dependency>

2. 配置RestTemplate

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
        factory.setConnectTimeout(5000);
        factory.setReadTimeout(5000);
        
        return new RestTemplate(factory);
    }
}

3. 实现代理控制器

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/proxy")
public class ProxyController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
    // 目标服务器基础URL
    private static final String TARGET_SERVER = "http://target-service.com";
    
    @RequestMapping("/**")
    public ResponseEntity<String> proxyRequest(HttpServletRequest request,
                                              @RequestBody(required = false) String body) {
        try {
            // 构建目标URL
            String requestUri = request.getRequestURI();
            String proxyPath = requestUri.substring("/proxy".length());
            String queryString = request.getQueryString();
            
            StringBuilder targetUrl = new StringBuilder(TARGET_SERVER);
            targetUrl.append(proxyPath);
            if (queryString != null) {
                targetUrl.append("?").append(queryString);
            }
            
            // 复制请求头
            HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
            Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
            while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {
                String headerName = headerNames.nextElement();
                // 排除一些不需要转发的头部
                if (!headerName.equalsIgnoreCase("host")) {
                    headers.set(headerName, request.getHeader(headerName));
                }
            }
            
            // 创建请求实体
            HttpEntity<String> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(body, headers);
            
            // 确定HTTP方法
            HttpMethod httpMethod = HttpMethod.valueOf(request.getMethod());
            
            // 发送请求并获取响应
            ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = 
                restTemplate.exchange(targetUrl.toString(), httpMethod, httpEntity, String.class);
            
            return responseEntity;
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return ResponseEntity
                .status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
                .body("代理请求失败: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

4. 处理文件上传和下载

对于需要处理文件上传和下载的情况，可以这样实现：

@PostMapping("/upload/**")
public ResponseEntity<byte[]> proxyUpload(HttpServletRequest request, 
                                        MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartRequest) {
    try {
        // 获取文件部分
        MultiValueMap<String, Object> parts = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        multipartRequest.getFileMap().forEach((name, file) -> {
            try {
                ByteArrayResource resource = new ByteArrayResource(file.getBytes()) {
                    @Override
                    public String getFilename() {
                        return file.getOriginalFilename();
                    }
                };
                parts.add(name, resource);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        });
        
        // 获取其他表单参数
        multipartRequest.getParameterMap().forEach((name, values) -> {
            for (String value : values) {
                parts.add(name, value);
            }
        });
        
        // 构建URL
        String requestUri = request.getRequestURI();
        String proxyPath = requestUri.substring("/proxy/upload".length());
        String targetUrl = TARGET_SERVER + "/upload" + proxyPath;
        
        // 设置请求头
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
        
        // 发送请求
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> requestEntity = new HttpEntity<>(parts, headers);
        ResponseEntity<byte[]> response = restTemplate.exchange(
            targetUrl, HttpMethod.POST, requestEntity, byte[].class);
            
        return response;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).build();
    }
}

5. 增强功能：实现请求拦截和转换

通过添加拦截器，我们可以在请求前后进行处理：

@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class RestTemplateConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
        factory.setConnectTimeout(5000);
        factory.setReadTimeout(5000);

        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(factory);
        // 添加拦截器
        restTemplate.setInterceptors(
            Collections.singletonList((request, body, execution) -> {
                log.info("请求URL: {}", request.getURI());
                // 请求前处理
                HttpHeaders headers = request.getHeaders();
                headers.add("X-Forwarded-By", "Spring-Proxy");

                // 执行请求
                ClientHttpResponse response = execution.execute(request, body);

                // 响应后处理
                // 这里可以修改响应，例如添加头部、修改内容等

                return response;
            })
        );

        return restTemplate;
    }
}

6. 连接池配置

@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class RestTemplateConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        /*HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
        factory.setConnectTimeout(5000);
        factory.setReadTimeout(5000);*/

        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager =
                new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
        connectionManager.setMaxTotal(100);
        connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(20);

        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(Timeout.of(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS))
                .setResponseTimeout(Timeout.of(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS))
                .build();

        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
                .setConnectionManager(connectionManager)
                .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
                .build();

        HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory factory =
                new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient);

        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(factory);
        // 添加拦截器
        restTemplate.setInterceptors(
            Collections.singletonList((request, body, execution) -> {
                log.info("请求URL: {}", request.getURI());
                // 请求前处理
                HttpHeaders headers = request.getHeaders();
                headers.add("X-Forwarded-By", "Spring-Proxy");

                // 执行请求
                ClientHttpResponse response = execution.execute(request, body);

                // 响应后处理
                // 这里可以修改响应，例如添加头部、修改内容等

                return response;
            })
        );

        return restTemplate;
    }
}

安全考虑

请求验证：确保只转发合法请求 敏感信息过滤：过滤敏感头部或请求内容 限流措施：防止过多请求导致目标服务过载

// 示例：请求验证
private boolean validateRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
    // 实现验证逻辑，例如检查认证信息、IP白名单等
    String authToken = request.getHeader("Authorization");
    return authToken != null && authService.isValidToken(authToken);
}