kubernetes学习： 8.安装flannel插件

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-17 15:29:29 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-06-17 15:29:29 发布 · 3.3k 阅读

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在Kubernetes环境中，由于各节点的docker0网卡IP相同，导致节点间通信成为问题。Flannel作为解决方案之一，提供跨节点的网络通信。本文详细介绍了在CentOS7上通过yum安装flannel，配置网络选项，创建etcd中的网络配置，以及启动和检查flannel服务的过程，以确保节点间的网络互通。

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安装flannel插件

安装flannel网络插件

如果在各node节点上安装了docker服务，查看网卡信息发现各节点的docker0网卡的ip都是172.17.0.1：

[root@wecloud-test-k8s-4 ~]# ifconfig 
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        ether 02:42:8e:7c:23:ea  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.99.196  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.99.255
        inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:feb1:afe9  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether fa:16:3e:b1:af:e9  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 10815343  bytes 1108180112 (1.0 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 6551758  bytes 933543908 (890.2 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 32212  bytes 1680632 (1.6 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 32212  bytes 1680632 (1.6 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

这引入了一个问题，各node节点之间如何通信，k8s没有直接提供多节点通信的解决方案，所以有flannel、 calico、 weave等网络解决方案，本文这里介绍以下flannel的方式。

flannel的官网地址如下：
https://coreos.com/flannel/docs/latest/

部署步骤

如果对于flannel版本没有特殊需求，可以直接在centos7上使用yum安装方式。

[root@wecloud-test-k8s-2 ~]# yum install flannel -y

flannel的service启动管理文件为/usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service，内容如下：

[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
After=etcd.service
Before=docker.service

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/flanneld
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker-network
ExecStart=/usr/bin/flanneld-start \
  -etcd-endpoints=${FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
  -etcd-prefix=${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX} \
  $FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/flannel/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
RequiredBy=docker.service

该服务管理文件需要配置相关配置文件/etc/sysconfig/flanneld，配置信息如下：

# Flanneld configuration options  

# etcd url location.  Point this to the server where etcd runs
FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS="https://192.168.99.189:2379,https://192.168.99.185:2379,https://192.168.99.196:2379"

# etcd config key.  This is the configuration key that flannel queries
# For address range assignment
FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX="/kube-centos/network"

# Any additional options that you want to pass
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="-etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem -etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem"

如果是多个网卡，则需要在FLANNEL_OPTIONS上指定外网出口的网卡。

在etcd中创建网络配置

执行命令为docker分配ip地址段

[root@wecloud-test-k8s-2 ~]# etcdctl --endpoints=https://192.168.99.189:2379,https://192.168.99.185:2379,https://192.168.99.196:2379 \
> --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
> --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
> --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
> mkdir /kube-centos/network
[root@wecloud-test-k8s-2 ~]# etcdctl --endpoints=https://192.168.99.189:2379,https://192.168.99.185:2379,https://192.168.99.196:2379 \
> --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
> --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
>   --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
> mk /kube-centos/network/config '{"Network":"172.30.0.0/16","SubnetLen":24,"Backend":{"Type":"vxlan"}}'
{
  
  "Network":"172.30.0.0/16","SubnetLen":24,"Backend":{
  
  "Type":"vxlan"}}