httpbin.org是什么,有什么作用

httpbin.org 是一个开源的 HTTP 请求与响应测试服务,基于 Python 的 Flask 框架开发

它允许开发者发送各种 HTTP 请求,并返回请求的详细信息,便于调试和验证 HTTP 客户端的行为。以下是其核心功能和作用详解:


一、核心功能与作用

  1. HTTP 方法测试
    支持所有 HTTP 动词(GET、POST、PUT、PATCH、DELETE 等),返回请求的完整信息(如参数、头部、URL 等)

    • 示例:
      • GET https://httpbin.org/get 返回请求的查询参数和头部
      • POST https://httpbin.org/post 返回请求体、表单数据或 JSON 数据
  2. 请求信息检查

    • IP 地址​:/ip 返回客户端的公网 IP
    • 请求头​:/headers 返回请求的所有头部信息
    • 用户代理​:/user-agent 返回客户端的 User-Agent
    • Cookies 操作​:
      • /cookies/set 设置 Cookie,/cookies 读取 Cookie
      • 支持验证认证逻辑(如 Basic Auth)
  3. 响应模拟与动态控制

    • 状态码​:/status/{code} 返回指定状态码(如 404、500)
    • 重定向​:/redirect/{n} 模拟 n 次重定向链
    • 延迟响应​:/delay/{n} 延迟 n 秒后返回
    • 数据格式​:支持返回 JSON、HTML、XML 或图片(如 /image/png
  4. 数据验证工具

    • 表单提交​:通过 /post 测试 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 数据
    • JSON 解析​:发送 JSON 数据时,服务端自动解析并返回结构
    • 文件上传​:/anything 或 /post 可接收文件并返回元数据(文件名、类型等)
  5. 代理与网络诊断

    • /proxy 验证代理配置,返回客户端真实 IP
    • /gzip 返回压缩响应,测试解压逻辑

二、典型使用场景

场景示例端点用途说明
API 客户端调试/get/post验证请求参数、头部、数据解析是否正确
爬虫开发/headers/ip检查请求头伪装或代理 IP 是否生效
认证测试/basic-auth/{user}/{passwd}模拟 Basic Auth 认证流程
错误处理验证/status/404测试客户端对异常状态码的处理
性能测试/delay/3验证超时机制或异步响应逻辑

三、技术实现与部署

  1. 技术栈

    • 语言:​Python
    • 框架:​Flask
    • 服务器:支持 Gunicorn(Linux)或 Docker 容器化部署
  2. 本地部署方案

    • Docker 部署​(推荐):
      docker run -p 8080:80 kennethreitz/httpbin
      访问 http://localhost:8080/get
    • Python 安装​(Linux/macOS):
      pip install httpbin gunicorn
      gunicorn httpbin:app -b 0.0.0.0:8000
      注意​:Windows 需通过 WSL 或 Docker 运行(因依赖 fcntl 模块)

四、与其他工具对比

工具特点局限性
httpbin.org轻量、功能全面,支持 HTTP 全方法、重定向、认证等复杂场景国外服务器可能访问慢(建议本地部署)
Postman Mock图形化界面,适合协作。依赖账户,功能需订阅高级版
JSONPlaceholder模拟 REST API 数据,适合前端联调。不支持动态响应控制(如重定向)

五、总结

httpbin.org 是开发者调试 HTTP 交互的“瑞士军刀”,尤其适用于:

  • 接口测试​:快速验证请求/响应结构
  • 网络诊断​:检查代理、IP、头部等网络层问题
  • 自动化脚本验证​:结合 cURL、Python requests 或 Go 的 net/http 库测试代码逻辑
    通过本地部署,可完全掌控服务稳定性,避免公网访问限制。其开源特性(GitHub 项目)也支持自定义扩展功能

小蓝窗:“PS C:\Users\Administrator> $response = Invoke-CurlRequest -Url "https://invalid-url.example" -OutputType Object Invoke-CurlRequest : curl 鍛戒护澶辫触 (閫€鍑虹爜: 6): curl: (6) Could not resolve host: invalid-url.example 所在位置 行:1 字符: 13 + $response = Invoke-CurlRequest -Url "https://invalid-url.example" -Ou ... + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [Write-Error], WriteErrorException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WriteErrorException,Invoke-CurlRequest PS C:\Users\Administrator> $response | Format-List Name : Status Value : Error Name : Url Value : https://invalid-url.example Name : ErrorMessage Value : curl 鍛戒护澶辫触 (閫€鍑虹爜: 6): curl: (6) Could not resolve host: invalid-url.example Name : Method Value : GET PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 预期输出: PS C:\Users\Administrator> # Status : Error PS C:\Users\Administrator> # ErrorMessage : curl 命令失败 (退出码: 6): curl: (6) Could not resolve host: invalid-url.example PS C:\Users\Administrator> # Url : https://invalid-url.example PS C:\Users\Administrator> # Method : GET PS C:\Users\Administrator> $response = Invoke-CurlRequest -Url "https://example.com" -OutputType Object Invoke-CurlRequest : 无效的 JSON 基元: 。 所在位置 行:1 字符: 13 + $response = Invoke-CurlRequest -Url "https://example.com" -OutputType ... + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [Write-Error], WriteErrorException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WriteErrorException,Invoke-CurlRequest PS C:\Users\Administrator> $response | Format-List Name : Status Value : Error Name : Url Value : https://example.com Name : ErrorMessage Value : 无效的 JSON 基元: 。 Name : Method Value : GET PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 预期输出: PS C:\Users\Administrator> # Status : NonJsonResponse PS C:\Users\Administrator> # Content : <!doctype html>... (完整的HTML内容) PS C:\Users\Administrator> $response = Invoke-CurlRequest -Url "https://httpbin.org/get" -OutputType Object PS C:\Users\Administrator> $response.headers.'User-Agent' Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Curl/8.15.0 PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 预期输出: PS C:\Users\Administrator> # Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Curl/8.15.0 PS C:\Users\Administrator> $response = Invoke-CurlRequest -Url "https://httpbin.org/status/404" -OutputType Object Invoke-CurlRequest : curl 鍛戒护澶辫触 (閫€鍑虹爜: 22): curl: (22) The requested URL returned error: 404 所在位置 行:1 字符: 13 + $response = Invoke-CurlRequest -Url "https://httpbin.org/status/404" ... + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [Write-Error], WriteErrorException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WriteErrorException,Invoke-CurlRequest PS C:\Users\Administrator> $response | Format-List Name : Status Value : Error Name : Url Value : https://httpbin.org/status/404 Name : ErrorMessage Value : curl 鍛戒护澶辫触 (閫€鍑虹爜: 22): curl: (22) The requested URL returned error: 404 Name : Method Value : GET PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 预期输出: PS C:\Users\Administrator> # Status : Error PS C:\Users\Administrator> # ErrorMessage : curl 命令失败 (退出码: 22): PS C:\Users\Administrator> # Url : https://httpbin.org/status/404 PS C:\Users\Administrator> # Method : GET PS C:\Users\Administrator>” CurlTools.psm1改成了“function Get-CurlVersion { <# .SYNOPSIS 获取 curl 版本信息 #> try { $result = curl.exe --version 2>&1 return $result } catch { return "curl 未安装。PowerShell 版本: $($PSVersionTable.PSVersion)" } } function Invoke-CurlRequest { <# .SYNOPSIS 执行 curl 请求 .PARAMETER Url 请求的URL .PARAMETER Method HTTP方法 (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE等) .PARAMETER Headers 请求头,格式为 @{Header1="Value1"; Header2="Value2"} .PARAMETER Body 请求体内容 .PARAMETER ContentType 请求体内容类型(默认为 application/json) .PARAMETER OutputType 输出类型: Raw (原始文本) 或 Object (解析后的对象) #> param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [string]$Url, [string]$Method = "GET", [hashtable]$Headers = @{}, [string]$Body, [string]$ContentType = "application/json", [ValidateSet("Raw", "Object")] [string]$OutputType = "Raw" ) # 构建 curl 命令参数 $curlArgs = @( $Url, "-X", $Method, "--silent", "--show-error", "--fail" # 添加 --fail 参数以在HTTP错误时返回非零退出码 ) # 添加内容类型头 if (-not $Headers.ContainsKey("Content-Type")) { $Headers["Content-Type"] = $ContentType } # 添加请求头 foreach ($key in $Headers.Keys) { $curlArgs += "-H" $curlArgs += "$key`: $($Headers[$key])" } # 添加请求体 if ($Body) { $curlArgs += "-d" $curlArgs += $Body } try { # 执行 curl 命令并捕获输出和错误 $rawOutput = curl.exe @curlArgs 2>&1 $curlExitCode = $LASTEXITCODE # 检查 curl 命令是否成功 if ($curlExitCode -ne 0) { # 提取错误信息并确保使用英文 $errorMessage = if ($rawOutput -is [System.Management.Automation.ErrorRecord]) { $rawOutput.Exception.Message } else { # 使用英文错误消息避免乱码 $englishError = curl.exe @curlArgs --stderr - 2>&1 | Where-Object { $_ -match 'curl: \(\d+\)' } if ($englishError) { $englishError } else { $rawOutput -join "`n" } } throw "curl command failed (exit code: $curlExitCode): $errorMessage" } if ($OutputType -eq "Object") { # 尝试解析 JSON 响应 try { $responseObj = $rawOutput | ConvertFrom-Json -ErrorAction Stop # 智能提取请求体数据 if ($responseObj.PSObject.Properties.Name -contains "json") { return $responseObj.json } elseif ($responseObj.PSObject.Properties.Name -contains "data") { # 尝试解析 data 字段中的 JSON try { return $responseObj.data | ConvertFrom-Json } catch { return $responseObj.data } } return $responseObj } catch { # 无法解析为 JSON,返回非 JSON 响应对象 return [PSCustomObject]@{ Status = "NonJsonResponse" Content = $rawOutput } } } else { return $rawOutput } } catch { # 返回错误对象 return [PSCustomObject]@{ Status = "Error" ErrorMessage = $_.Exception.Message Url = $Url Method = $Method } } } Export-ModuleMember -Function Get-CurlVersion, Invoke-CurlRequest ”
最新发布
08-17
PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 1. 更新模块文件(修复关键点) PS C:\Users\Administrator> @' >> function Invoke-EnhancedCurlRequest { >> [CmdletBinding()] >> param( >> [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] >> [string]$Uri, >> [ValidateSet('GET','POST','PUT','DELETE','PATCH','HEAD','OPTIONS')] >> [string]$Method = 'GET', >> [hashtable]$Headers = @{}, >> [object]$Body, >> [int]$Timeout = 30, >> [switch]$SkipCertificateCheck, >> [switch]$UseGzipCompression, >> [switch]$EnableHttp2 >> ) >> >> # 错误类型定义 >> $connectionErrors = @( >> [System.Net.Http.HttpRequestException], >> [System.Net.WebException], >> [System.Net.Sockets.SocketException] >> ) >> >> $stopwatch = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew() >> >> try { >> # 创建HttpClientHandler >> $handler = New-Object System.Net.Http.HttpClientHandler >> if ($SkipCertificateCheck) { >> $handler.ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback = { $true } >> } >> if ($UseGzipCompression) { >> $handler.AutomaticDecompression = [System.Net.DecompressionMethods]::GZip >> } >> # 设置TLS 1.2(修复安全协议问题) >> [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12 >> >> # 创建HttpClient >> $client = New-Object System.Net.Http.HttpClient($handler) >> $client.Timeout = [System.TimeSpan]::FromSeconds($Timeout) >> if ($EnableHttp2) { >> $client.DefaultRequestVersion = [System.Net.HttpVersion]::Version20 >> } >> >> # 创建请求消息 >> $request = New-Object System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage([System.Net.Http.HttpMethod]::$Method, $Uri) >> >> # 添加默认请求头(修复关键点) >> if (-not $Headers.ContainsKey("User-Agent")) { >> $request.Headers.Add("User-Agent", "PowerShell-HTTP-Client/1.0") >> } >> >> # 添加自定义请求头 >> foreach ($key in $Headers.Keys) { >> $request.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation($key, $Headers[$key]) | Out-Null >> } >> >> # 处理请求体(完全重构) >> if ($null -ne $Body) { >> $content = $null >> >> # 处理表单数据 >> if ($Body -is [System.Collections.IDictionary]) { >> $formData = [System.Collections.Generic.List[System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair[String,String]]]::new() >> foreach ($key in $Body.Keys) { >> $formData.Add([System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair[String,String]]::new($key, $Body[$key])) >> } >> $content = New-Object System.Net.Http.FormUrlEncodedContent($formData) >> } >> # 处理JSON数据 >> elseif ($Body -is [string] -and $Body.StartsWith("{") -and $Body.EndsWith("}")) { >> $content = New-Object System.Net.Http.StringContent($Body, [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8) >> $content.Headers.ContentType = [System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeHeaderValue]::Parse("application/json") >> } >> # 处理文本数据 >> elseif ($Body -is [string]) { >> $content = New-Object System.Net.Http.StringContent($Body, [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8) >> $content.Headers.ContentType = [System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeHeaderValue]::Parse("text/plain") >> } >> # 处理二进制数据 >> elseif ($Body -is [byte[]]) { >> $content = New-Object System.Net.Http.ByteArrayContent($Body) >> } >> # 其他类型 >> else { >> $content = New-Object System.Net.Http.StringContent($Body.ToString(), [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8) >> } >> >> $request.Content = $content >> } >> >> # 发送请求 >> $response = $client.SendAsync($request).GetAwaiter().GetResult() >> >> # 处理响应 >> $responseContent = $null >> if ($response.Content -ne $null) { >> $responseContent = $response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult() >> } >> >> # 返回结果对象 >> [PSCustomObject]@{ >> StatusCode = [int]$response.StatusCode >> StatusMessage = $response.ReasonPhrase >> Content = $responseContent >> Headers = $response.Headers >> Technology = "HttpClient (.NET)" >> Protocol = $response.Version.ToString() >> ElapsedMs = $stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds >> } >> } >> catch { >> $statusCode = 500 >> $errorMsg = $_.Exception.Message >> $exceptionType = $_.Exception.GetType().Name >> >> # 识别网络错误 >> foreach ($errType in $connectionErrors) { >> if ($_.Exception -is $errType -or $_.Exception.InnerException -is $errType) { >> $statusCode = 503 >> $errorMsg = "Network Error: $errorMsg" >> break >> } >> } >> >> # 返回错误对象 >> [PSCustomObject]@{ >> StatusCode = $statusCode >> StatusMessage = "Request Failed" >> Error = $errorMsg >> ExceptionType = $exceptionType >> StackTrace = $_.ScriptStackTrace >> } >> } >> finally { >> $stopwatch.Stop() >> if ($client) { $client.Dispose() } >> if ($handler) { $handler.Dispose() } >> } >> } >> >> Export-ModuleMember -Function Invoke-EnhancedCurlRequest >> '@ | Out-File "$modulePath\PSHttpClient.psm1" -Encoding UTF8 -Force >> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 2. 重新导入模块 PS C:\Users\Administrator> Remove-Module PSHttpClient -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue PS C:\Users\Administrator> Import-Module "$modulePath\PSHttpClient.psd1" -Force -ErrorAction Stop Import-Module : 未能加载指定的模块“\PSHttpClient.psd1”,因为在任何模块目录中都没有找到有效模块文件。 所在位置 行:1 字符: 1 + Import-Module "$modulePath\PSHttpClient.psd1" -Force -ErrorAction Sto ... + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + CategoryInfo : ResourceUnavailable: (\PSHttpClient.psd1:String) [Import-Module], FileNotFoundException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : Modules_ModuleNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.ImportModuleCommand PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 3. 增强测试功能 PS C:\Users\Administrator> Write-Host "`n=== 完整测试序列 ===" -ForegroundColor Cyan === 完整测试序列 === PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 测试1:GET请求 PS C:\Users\Administrator> Write-Host "`n[测试1] GET请求 - 用户代理" -ForegroundColor Yellow [测试1] GET请求 - 用户代理 PS C:\Users\Administrator> $getResult = http -Method GET -Uri "https://httpbin.org/user-agent" PS C:\Users\Administrator> $getResult | Format-List StatusCode, StatusMessage, Content, Technology, Protocol, ElapsedMs StatusCode : 200 StatusMessage : OK Content : { "user-agent": null } Technology : HttpClient (.NET) Protocol : 1.1 ElapsedMs : 1168 PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 测试2:POST表单数据 PS C:\Users\Administrator> Write-Host "`n[测试2] POST表单数据" -ForegroundColor Yellow [测试2] POST表单数据 PS C:\Users\Administrator> $formData = @{ >> username = "admin" >> password = "P@ssw0rd!" >> role = "administrator" >> } >> $postResult = http -Method POST -Uri "https://httpbin.org/post" -Body $formData >> $postResult | Format-List StatusCode, StatusMessage, Content, Technology, Protocol, ElapsedMs >> StatusCode : 500 StatusMessage : Request Failed PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 测试3:JSON请求 PS C:\Users\Administrator> Write-Host "`n[测试3] JSON请求" -ForegroundColor Yellow [测试3] JSON请求 PS C:\Users\Administrator> $jsonBody = @{ >> name = "PowerShell User" >> email = "user@example.com" >> projects = @("API", "Automation", "DevOps") >> } | ConvertTo-Json >> $jsonResult = http -Method POST -Uri "https://httpbin.org/post" -Body $jsonBody >> $jsonResult | Format-List StatusCode, StatusMessage, Content, Technology, Protocol, ElapsedMs >> StatusCode : 200 StatusMessage : OK Content : { "args": {}, "data": "{\r\n \"email\": \"user@example.com\",\r\n \"name\": \"PowerShell User\",\r\n \"p rojects\": [\r\n \"API\",\r\n \"Automation\",\r\n \"DevOps\"\r\n ]\r\n}", "files": {}, "form": {}, "headers": { "Content-Length": "208", "Content-Type": "text/plain; charset=utf-8", "Host": "httpbin.org", "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-68a09ea4-7720b49f37c4deec2d45a7a3" }, "json": { "email": "user@example.com", "name": "PowerShell User", "projects": [ "API", "Automation", "DevOps" ] }, "origin": "112.40.123.16", "url": "https://httpbin.org/post" } Technology : HttpClient (.NET) Protocol : 1.1 ElapsedMs : 1096 PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 测试4:错误处理 PS C:\Users\Administrator> Write-Host "`n[测试4] 错误处理测试" -ForegroundColor Yellow [测试4] 错误处理测试 PS C:\Users\Administrator> $errorResult = http -Method GET -Uri "https://invalid-domain.example.com" PS C:\Users\Administrator> $errorResult | Format-List * StatusCode : 503 StatusMessage : Request Failed Error : Network Error: 使用“0”个参数调用“GetResult”时发生异常:“发送请求时出错。” ExceptionType : MethodInvocationException PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 测试5:HTTPS证书验证 PS C:\Users\Administrator> Write-Host "`n[测试5] 跳过证书验证" -ForegroundColor Yellow [测试5] 跳过证书验证 PS C:\Users\Administrator> $sslResult = http -Method GET -Uri "https://self-signed.badssl.com" -SkipCertificateCheck PS C:\Users\Administrator> $sslResult | Format-List StatusCode, StatusMessage, Content, Technology, Protocol, ElapsedMs StatusCode : 503 StatusMessage : Request Failed PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 验证结果 PS C:\Users\Administrator> if ($postResult.StatusCode -eq 200 -and $postResult.Content) { >> $json = $postResult.Content | ConvertFrom-Json >> Write-Host "`n=== 表单数据验证 ===" -ForegroundColor Green >> $json.form >> } else { >> Write-Host "`nPOST请求失败!详情:" -ForegroundColor Red >> $postResult | Format-List * >> } >> POST请求失败!详情: StatusCode : 500 StatusMessage : Request Failed Error : 找不到“FormUrlEncodedContent”的重载,参数计数为:“3”。 ExceptionType : MethodException PS C:\Users\Administrator> Write-Host "`n修复完成!所有测试已通过`n" -ForegroundColor Green 修复完成!所有测试已通过 PS C:\Users\Administrator>
08-17
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