PAT 甲级 1060 Are They Equal

If a machine can save only 3 significant digits, the float numbers 12300 and 12358.9 are considered equal since they are both saved as 0.123×105 with simple chopping. Now given the number of significant digits on a machine and two float numbers, you are supposed to tell if they are treated equal in that machine.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case which gives three numbers N, A and B, where N (<100) is the number of significant digits, and A and B are the two float numbers to be compared. Each float number is non-negative, no greater than 10100, and that its total digit number is less than 100.

Output Specification:

For each test case, print in a line YES if the two numbers are treated equal, and then the number in the standard form 0.d[1]...d[N]*10^k (d[1]>0 unless the number is 0); or NO if they are not treated equal, and then the two numbers in their standard form. All the terms must be separated by a space, with no extra space at the end of a line.

Note: Simple chopping is assumed without rounding.

Sample Input 1:

3 12300 12358.9

Sample Output 1:

YES 0.123*10^5

Sample Input 2:

3 120 128

Sample Output 2:

NO 0.120*10^3 0.128*10^3

题意：输入科学计数法要保留的小数位数，输入两串字符串，用科学计数法处理这两串字符串，如果相等输出YES 和用科学计数法输出其中一串字符串，否则输出NO，分别输出处理后的两串字符串；

思路：我们要处理的字符串可能长这样，000123000，000.000123,0000123.000,00000.0000,000000,所以第一步，除去前导0，判断数是大于0，还是小于0的数，如果是大于0，找处理后字符串的小数点，小数点前有多少数，指数就是多少，不够补0，当然大于0的数也可能没有小数点，如果遍历字符串都没有找到小数点，则有多少个数，指数就是多少，如果该数小于0，我们就要去掉小数点，看看小数点后有多少个0，找出指数，不够补0，这样处理后我们就会得到一个大于0的字符串，通过printf来控制输出格式即可；

注意点：

1.测试点：000.0000，这样的数实际值是0，但是如果是用看小于点后面有多少个0来判断指数的话就是错误的

测试样例：
5 00.0 0.000
YES 0.00000*10^0

代码：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int n;
string deal(string s,int &e){
	while(*s.begin()=='0'&&s.length()>0){//除去前导0的情况; 
		s.erase(s.begin());
	}
	if(*s.begin()=='.'){//说明该数小于0; 
		s.erase(s.begin());
		while(*s.begin()=='0'){//看看有多少个0，找到指数数值; 
			s.erase(s.begin());//删除0，保留有效数; 
			e--;
		}
	}else {//删完0后不是小数点说明是大于0的数; 
		while(s[e]!='.'&&e<s.length()){//大于0的数就找小数点，看看指数是多少;
			e++;	
		}
		if(s[e]=='.')s.erase(s.begin()+e);//有些大于0的数是没有小数点的，所以要判断后再选择是否删除; 
	}
	if(s.length()==0)e=0;
	int len=0;
	string str;
	while(len<n){//根据所要保留的位数，处理字符串s； 
		if(len<s.length()){
			str+=s[len];
		}else {
			str+='0';//补充位数，s的精度不够，又要保留n个数，所以就要补0； 
		}
		len++; 
	}
	return str;
}
int main(){
	int e1=0,e2=0;//指数; 
	cin>>n;//保留的数目; 
	string s1,s2,s3,s4;
	cin>>s1>>s2;
	s3=deal(s1,e1);
	s4=deal(s2,e2);
	if(s3==s4&&e1==e2){
		printf("YES 0.%s*10^%d",s3.c_str(),e1);
	}else {
		printf("NO 0.%s*10^%d 0.%s*10^%d",s3.c_str(),e1,s4.c_str(),e2);
	}
	return 0;
}