Rosalind Java| Transcribing DNA into RNA

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已于 2022-02-11 21:05:11 修改

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分类专栏： Rosalind Java 文章标签： java 开发语言后端

于 2022-02-11 11:03:49 首次发布

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本文解析Rosalind问题，介绍如何通过Java编程实现DNA转录，处理大小写混合的输入，确保'U'替换'T'或't'，并演示了两种解决方案。

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今天来分享Rosalind第二道题：转录

Transcribing DNA into RNA

Problem
An RNA string is a string formed from the alphabet containing ‘A’, ‘C’, ‘G’, and ‘U’.

Given a DNA string t corresponding to a coding strand, its transcribed RNA string u is formed by replacing all occurrences of ‘T’ in t with ‘U’ in u.

Given: A DNA string t having length at most 1000 nt.
Sample input：

CTGTCCTGTCGATATTATCATCGTATCCGCAGAAAGCGTCTAATGTAATGTCCCGGAACGAGTTTCTGGAACCCATCTTCGCGTCCGCTTAAGAGCAGTGTTTGCACGAAGTCGTATAAGGTTTTTCATTGTGCTATCGGAGTCACATTTCCGTTGGCTAGTTTGCCTAAATATCATTAAGTAACTGTTATATTACAACGGGGAGTTCTCCCAGCTCTGTTTCCCGCCTACGATGGGAACCAGTACAGCGATTACGATCCTCTAGGGCCTGGGGATGACTCCGCCAACGCATCGTATGGGACCCACAGCGGTAGCGGATCCCTGTGCTCCCAGAAGGGATTCCGATGAGGGGGCAGCGGCAGTTATATGGAACCTGTCACATCGTTATCGGCTCATTATCCGCGAGGGGATGCAGCATACAATTCTGCCGAAATTCTATTCTCCCATCCCTCTCCTACCGGGTACCCAAGACCCGTCCTCCGAGTACCCCCAAAGTCGCCCAGTCGTTCATAAGTCGGACTGCCACTCACTTACGGGTAATGATAGGGTAATCCATAGGGTGGTCGTGCTGAAACTGGGTCTACCGATACTGAAAGAAGCATTAACTAGATTCAGGTTGCTGAAAGCCTGTAGCAGTCGTAGACCTAATGCAAGGATGCTCCTCTCTGGTGTTTCGTGGCCTCGTACTGTCACAGGACAACATAGCTAATTGATCGGCAACGTTCCGACATGGCTTAGCGCGAGCTGTAATGACAGGAGCCCGCGAATAGGCCAAGGGTCTCGTTAGAAATCCAAATTATACAGGCTTATGATTACCACCCACGAGACACTGTTAACGAGCGTTGGAGTAGATGACCAAATCTTGTAGGCTAGCCCACGGCCGGATGTCGGACAGTTAAGGCATACCGGAATTTCTTGGATGACTACCATGACGGG

Return: The transcribed RNA string of t.
Sample output：

CUGUCCUGUCGAUAUUAUCAUCGUAUCCGCAGAAAGCGUCUAAUGUAAUGUCCCGGAACGAGUUUCUGGAACCCAUCUUCGCGUCCGCUUAAGAGCAGUGUUUGCACGAAGUCGUAUAAGGUUUUUCAUUGUGCUAUCGGAGUCACAUUUCCGUUGGCUAGUUUGCCUAAAUAUCAUUAAGUAACUGUUAUAUUACAACGGGGAGUUCUCCCAGCUCUGUUUCCCGCCUACGAUGGGAACCAGUACAGCGAUUACGAUCCUCUAGGGCCUGGGGAUGACUCCGCCAACGCAUCGUAUGGGACCCACAGCGGUAGCGGAUCCCUGUGCUCCCAGAAGGGAUUCCGAUGAGGGGGCAGCGGCAGUUAUAUGGAACCUGUCACAUCGUUAUCGGCUCAUUAUCCGCGAGGGGAUGCAGCAUACAAUUCUGCCGAAAUUCUAUUCUCCCAUCCCUCUCCUACCGGGUACCCAAGACCCGUCCUCCGAGUACCCCCAAAGUCGCCCAGUCGUUCAUAAGUCGGACUGCCACUCACUUACGGGUAAUGAUAGGGUAAUCCAUAGGGUGGUCGUGCUGAAACUGGGUCUACCGAUACUGAAAGAAGCAUUAACUAGAUUCAGGUUGCUGAAAGCCUGUAGCAGUCGUAGACCUAAUGCAAGGAUGCUCCUCUCUGGUGUUUCGUGGCCUCGUACUGUCACAGGACAACAUAGCUAAUUGAUCGGCAACGUUCCGACAUGGCUUAGCGCGAGCUGUAAUGACAGGAGCCCGCGAAUAGGCCAAGGGUCUCGUUAGAAAUCCAAAUUAUACAGGCUUAUGAUUACCACCCACGAGACACUGUUAACGAGCGUUGGAGUAGAUGACCAAAUCUUGUAGGCUAGCCCACGGCCGGAUGUCGGACAGUUAAGGCAUACCGGAAUUUCUUGGAUGACUACCAUGACGGG

简单来说就是通过输入核酸序列，将T换成U即可。
我们可以采用replace() 方法。
replace() 方法通过用 newChar 字符替换字符串中出现的所有 oldChar 字符，并返回替换后的新字符串。

public String replace(char oldChar, char newChar)

public class Transcribing_DNA_into_RNA {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String s = sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println(s.replace('T','U'));
    }
}

可见使用replace()方法可以一步完成整条核苷酸序列的字符替换，非常方便且快速。

但是会有明眼的小伙伴提出问题：在此案例下可以完成如上碱基替换，因为输入的碱基序列全部为大写。但是如果输入的碱基序列是小写或者是大小写混用的情况，上述的方法其实并不完善，因此在下方完善了代码。

public class Transcribing_DNA_into_RNA {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String s = sc.nextLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {//遍历核酸序列中的每一个碱基
            if (s.charAt(i) == 'T') {//若该碱基是大写T
                s=s.replace(s.charAt(i), 'U');
            } else if (s.charAt(i) == 't') {//若该碱基是小写t
                s=s.replace(s.charAt(i), 'u');
            }
        }
        System.out.println(s);
    }
}