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最新推荐文章于 2024-12-31 10:49:14 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2024-12-31 10:49:14 发布 · 4.9k 阅读

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#linux #运维 #centos #prometheus

本文介绍了Prometheus开源监控报警系统和时序列数据库。详细阐述了其环境准备、监控端部署、被监控端安装node_exporter、服务端配置，还包括cAdvisor和grafana的部署步骤，最终完成Prometheus监控系统的搭建。

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Prometheus介绍

Prometheus是由SoundCloud开发的开源监控报警系统和时序列数据库(TSDB)。Prometheus使用Go语言开发，是Google BorgMon监控系统的开源版本。2016年由Google发起Linux基金会旗下的原生云基金会(Cloud Native Computing Foundation), 将Prometheus纳入其下第二大开源项目。Prometheus目前在开源社区相当活跃。Prometheus和Heapster(Heapster是K8S的一个子项目，用于获取集群的性能数据。)相比功能更完善、更全面。Prometheus性能也足够支撑上万台规模的集群。

环境准备

IP	主机	服务
*	监控	Prometheus，grafana
*	被监控端	Node_exporter，cadviosr

监控端安装

一、部署Prometheus

1、下载软件包

wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.19.2/prometheus-2.19.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz

2、解压软件包

tar zxvf prometheus-2.19.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz

3、将解压完目录移动并修改文件名

mv prometheus-2.19.2.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus

4、创建用户

groupadd prometheus

useradd -g prometheus -m -d /var/lib/prometheus -s /sbin/nologin prometheus

chown prometheus.prometheus -R /usr/local/prometheus

5、创建systemd服务

cat > /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service <<EOF

[Unit]

Description=prometheus

After=network.target

[Service]

Type=simple

User=prometheus

ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus/data

Restart=on-failure

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

6、启动Prometheus

刷新参数

systemctl daemon-reload

7、启动Prometheus

systemctl start prometheus

8、查看状态

systemctl status prometheus

9、设置为开机自启

systemctl enable prometheus

10、访问WEB界面

访问http://10.207.10.248:9090

被监控端安装

二、安装node_exporter

1、下载软件包

wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.0.1/node_exporter-1.0.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

2、解压

tar zxvf node_exporter-1.0.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

3、移动并修改文件

mv node_exporter-1.0.1.linux-amd64 /usr/local/node_exporter

4、创建用户

groupadd prometheus

useradd -g prometheus -m -d /var/lib/prometheus -s /sbin/nologin prometheus

chown prometheus.prometheus -R /usr/local/node_exporter

5、创建Systemd服务

cat > /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service <<EOF

[Unit]

Description=node_exporter

After=network.target

[Service]

Type=simple

User=prometheus

ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter

Restart=on-failure

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

6、启动node_exporter

#使参数生效

systemctl daemon-reload

#启动node_exporter服务

systemctl start node_exporter

#查看服务状态

systemctl status node_exporter

#设置开机自启

systemctl enable node_exporter

7、验证启动成功

curl 127.0.0.1:9100

curl 127.0.0.1:9100/metrics

服务端配置（在监控端配置）

prometheus的服务端通过pull向各个node_exporter节点端抓取信息，需要在各个node上安装exporter。可以利用 Prometheus 的 static_configs 来拉取 node_exporter 的数据。

1、编辑/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml文件，添加内容:

- job_name: 'node244'

static_configs:

- targets: ['XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX:9100']

完整配置如下：

[root@localhost prometheus]# cat prometheus.yml

# my global config

global:

scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.

evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.

# scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration

alerting:

alertmanagers:

- static_configs:

    - targets:

      # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.

rule_files:

# - "first_rules.yml"

# - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:

# Here it's Prometheus itself.

scrape_configs:

# The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.

- job_name: 'server248'

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'

    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:

    - targets: ['172.17.10.248:9090']

- job_name: 'node247'

    static_configs:

    - targets: ['172.17.10.247:9100']

- job_name: 'node246'

    static_configs:

    - targets: ['172.17.10.246:9100']

- job_name: 'node244'

    static_configs:

    - targets: ['172.17.10.244:9100']

2、重启prometheus，然后在Prometheus页面中的Targets中就能看到新加入的node:

systemctl restart prometheus

3、然后再次查询web界面如下：

访问http://10.207.10.248:9090

三、cAdvisor部署

github地址：https://github.com/google/cadvisor

1、通过docker快速安装cadvisor，然后通过8081就可以访问了（可任意修改端口）。

docker run \

--volume=/:/rootfs:ro \

--volume=/var/run:/var/run:ro \

--volume=/sys:/sys:ro \

--volume=/var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro \

--volume=/dev/disk/:/dev/disk:ro \

--publish=8081:8080 \

--detach=true \

--name=cadvisor \

google/cadvisor:latest