MyBatis2-搭建MyBatis以及增删改查实现

1.创建maven工程

打包方式:jar

引入依赖:

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Mybatis核心 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- junit测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- MySQL驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.33</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2.加入log4j日志功能

        <!-- log4j日志 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>

log4j的配置文件名为log4j.xml,存放的位置是src/main/resources目录下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312" ?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM
        "http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/apidocs/org/apache/log4j/xml/doc-files/log4j.dtd">

<log4j:configuration debug="true">

    <appender name="STDOUT" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
        <param name="Encoding" value="UTF-8" />
        <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
            <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%-5p %d{MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} %m  (%F:%L) \n" />
        </layout>
    </appender>
    <logger name="java.sql">
        <level value="debug" />
    </logger>
    <logger name="org.apache.ibatis">
        <level value="info" />
    </logger>
    <root>
        <level value="debug" />
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    </root>
</log4j:configuration>

日志的级别:

FATAL(致命)>ERROR(错误)>WARN(警告)>INFO(信息)>DEBUG(调试)

从左到右打印的内容越来越详细

3.创建MyBatis的核心配置文件

习惯上命名为mybatis-config.xml,核心配置文件主要用于配置连接数据库的环境以及MyBatis的全局配置信息,核心配置文件存放的位置是src/main/resources目录下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!--
        MyBatis核心配置文件中,标签的顺序:
        properties?,settings?,typeAliases?,typeHandlers?,
        objectFactory?,objectWrapperFactory?,reflectorFactory?,
        plugins?,environments?,databaseIdProvider?,mappers?
    -->
    <environments default="development">
        <!--
            environment:配置某个具体的环境
            属性: id:表示连接数据库的环境的唯一标识,不能重复
        -->
        <environment id="development">
            <!--
                transactionManager:设置事务管理方式
                属性:
                    type="JDBC|MANAGED"
                    JDBC:表示当前环境中,执行SQL时,使用的是JDBC中原生的事务管理方式,事务的提交或回滚需要手动处理
                    MANAGED:被管理,例如Spring
            -->
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <!--
                dataSource:配置数据源
                属性:
                    type:设置数据源的类型
                    type="POOLED|UNPOOLED|JNDI"
                    POOLED:表示使用数据库连接池缓存数据库连接
                    UNPOOLED:表示不使用数据库连接池
                    JNDI:表示使用上下文中的数据源
            -->
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <!--设置连接数据库的驱动-->
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <!--设置连接数据库的连接地址-->
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis1028"/>
                <!--设置连接数据库的用户名-->
                <property name="username" value="root"/>
                <!--设置连接数据库的密码-->
                <property name="password" value="123456"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <!--引入映射文件-->
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="mappers/UserMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

4.创建mapper接口

MyBatis中的mapper接口相当于以前的dao,但是区别在于,mapper仅仅是接口,不需要提供实现类

package com.qcby.pojo;

public class User {
    private Integer id;

    private String username;

    private String password;

    private Integer age;

    private String sex;

    private String email;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(Integer id, String username, String password, Integer age, String sex, String email) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.age = age;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
package com.qcby.mapper;

import com.qcby.pojo.User;

import java.util.List;

public interface UserMapper {

    /**
     * 添加
     */
    int insertUser();

    /**
     * 修改
     */
    void updateUser();

    /**
     * 删除
     */
    void deleteUser();

    /**
     * 根据id查询
     */
    User getUserById();

    /**
     * 查询所有
     */
    List<User> getAllUser();
}

5.创建MyBatis的映射文件

相关概念:ORM(Object Relationship Mapping)对象关系映射

  • 对象:Java的实体类对象
  • 关系:关系型数据库
  • 映射:二者之间的对应关系

映射文件的命名规则:

  • 表所对应的实体类的类名+Mapper.xml,例如:表t_user,映射的实体类为User,所对应的映射文件为UserMapper.xml,  因此一个映射文件对应一个实体类,对应一张表的操作
  • MyBatis映射文件用于编写SQL,访问以及操作表中的数据
  • MyBatis映射文件存放的位置是src/main/resources/mappers目录下

MyBatis中可以面向接口操作数据,要保证两个一致:

  • mapper接口的全类名和映射文件的命名空间(namespace)保持一致
  • mapper接口中方法的方法名和映射文件中编写SQL的标签的id属性保持一致
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.qcby.mapper.UserMapper">

    <!--int insertUser();-->
    <insert id="insertUser">
        insert into t_user value(null,'admin','123456',23,'男','12345@qq.com')
    </insert>

    <!--void updateUser();-->
    <update id="updateUser">
        update t_user set username = '张三' where id = 4
    </update>

    <!--void deleteUser();-->
    <delete id="deleteUser">
        delete from t_user where id = 4
    </delete>

    <!--User getUserById();-->
    <select id="getUserById" resultType="com.qcby.pojo.User">
        select * from t_user where id = 3
    </select>

    <!--List<User> getAllUser();-->
    <select id="getAllUser" resultType="com.qcby.pojo.User">
        select * from t_user
    </select>
</mapper>

注意:

(1)查询的标签select必须设置属性resultType或resultMap,用于设置实体类和数据库表的映射关系

  • resultType:设置默认的映射关系,自动映射,用于属性名和表中字段名一致的情况
  • resultMap:设置自定义的映射关系,用于一对多或多对一或字段名和属性名不一致的情况

(2)当查询的数据为多条时,不能使用实体类作为返回值,只能使用集合,否则会抛出异常 TooManyResultsException;但是若查询的数据只有一条,可以使用实体类或集合作为返回值 

6.通过junit测试功能

SqlSession:代表Java程序和数据库之间的会话(HttpSession是Java程序和浏览器之间的会话)

SqlSessionFactory:是“生产”SqlSession的“工厂” 

工厂模式:如果创建某一个对象,使用的过程基本固定,那么就可以把创建这个对象的相关代码封装到一个“工厂类”中,以后都使用这个工厂类来“生产”需要的对象

package com.qcby;

import com.qcby.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.qcby.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

public class MyBatisTest {
    /**
     * SqlSessionFactory默认不自动提交事务,若需要自动提交事务,可以使用sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true)
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void testMyBatis() throws IOException {
        //加载核心配置文件
        InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
        //获取SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        //获取SqlSessionFactory
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is);
        //获取SqlSession,此时通过SqlSession对象所操作的sql都会自动提交
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
        //获取mapper接口对象,通过代理模式创建UserMapper接口的代理实现类对象
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        //测试功能,调用UserMapper接口中的方法,就可以根据UserMapper的全类名匹配元素文件,通过调用的方法名匹配映射文件中的SQL标签,并执行标签中的SQL语句
        int result = mapper.insertUser();
        System.out.println("result:"+result);
    }

    @Test
    public void testUpdate() throws IOException {
        InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is);
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        mapper.updateUser();
    }

    @Test
    public void testDelete() throws IOException {
        InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is);
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        mapper.deleteUser();
    }

    @Test
    public void getUserById() throws IOException {
        InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is);
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        User user = mapper.getUserById();
        System.out.println(user);
    }

    @Test
    public void getAllUser() throws IOException {
        InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is);
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        List<User> users = mapper.getAllUser();
        for (User user : users) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    }
}
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