1.创建maven工程
打包方式:jar
引入依赖:
<dependencies>
<!-- Mybatis核心 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- junit测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- MySQL驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.33</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.加入log4j日志功能
<!-- log4j日志 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
log4j的配置文件名为log4j.xml,存放的位置是src/main/resources目录下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312" ?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM
"http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/apidocs/org/apache/log4j/xml/doc-files/log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration debug="true">
<appender name="STDOUT" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
<param name="Encoding" value="UTF-8" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%-5p %d{MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} %m (%F:%L) \n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<logger name="java.sql">
<level value="debug" />
</logger>
<logger name="org.apache.ibatis">
<level value="info" />
</logger>
<root>
<level value="debug" />
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
</root>
</log4j:configuration>
日志的级别:
FATAL(致命)>ERROR(错误)>WARN(警告)>INFO(信息)>DEBUG(调试)
从左到右打印的内容越来越详细
3.创建MyBatis的核心配置文件
习惯上命名为mybatis-config.xml,核心配置文件主要用于配置连接数据库的环境以及MyBatis的全局配置信息,核心配置文件存放的位置是src/main/resources目录下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--
MyBatis核心配置文件中,标签的顺序:
properties?,settings?,typeAliases?,typeHandlers?,
objectFactory?,objectWrapperFactory?,reflectorFactory?,
plugins?,environments?,databaseIdProvider?,mappers?
-->
<environments default="development">
<!--
environment:配置某个具体的环境
属性: id:表示连接数据库的环境的唯一标识,不能重复
-->
<environment id="development">
<!--
transactionManager:设置事务管理方式
属性:
type="JDBC|MANAGED"
JDBC:表示当前环境中,执行SQL时,使用的是JDBC中原生的事务管理方式,事务的提交或回滚需要手动处理
MANAGED:被管理,例如Spring
-->
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<!--
dataSource:配置数据源
属性:
type:设置数据源的类型
type="POOLED|UNPOOLED|JNDI"
POOLED:表示使用数据库连接池缓存数据库连接
UNPOOLED:表示不使用数据库连接池
JNDI:表示使用上下文中的数据源
-->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<!--设置连接数据库的驱动-->
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
<!--设置连接数据库的连接地址-->
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis1028"/>
<!--设置连接数据库的用户名-->
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<!--设置连接数据库的密码-->
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!--引入映射文件-->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="mappers/UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
4.创建mapper接口
MyBatis中的mapper接口相当于以前的dao,但是区别在于,mapper仅仅是接口,不需要提供实现类
package com.qcby.pojo;
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer age;
private String sex;
private String email;
public User() {
}
public User(Integer id, String username, String password, Integer age, String sex, String email) {
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.age = age;
this.sex = sex;
this.email = email;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
", email='" + email + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
package com.qcby.mapper;
import com.qcby.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserMapper {
/**
* 添加
*/
int insertUser();
/**
* 修改
*/
void updateUser();
/**
* 删除
*/
void deleteUser();
/**
* 根据id查询
*/
User getUserById();
/**
* 查询所有
*/
List<User> getAllUser();
}
5.创建MyBatis的映射文件
相关概念:ORM(Object Relationship Mapping)对象关系映射
- 对象:Java的实体类对象
- 关系:关系型数据库
- 映射:二者之间的对应关系
映射文件的命名规则:
- 表所对应的实体类的类名+Mapper.xml,例如:表t_user,映射的实体类为User,所对应的映射文件为UserMapper.xml, 因此一个映射文件对应一个实体类,对应一张表的操作
- MyBatis映射文件用于编写SQL,访问以及操作表中的数据
- MyBatis映射文件存放的位置是src/main/resources/mappers目录下
MyBatis中可以面向接口操作数据,要保证两个一致:
- mapper接口的全类名和映射文件的命名空间(namespace)保持一致
- mapper接口中方法的方法名和映射文件中编写SQL的标签的id属性保持一致
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.qcby.mapper.UserMapper">
<!--int insertUser();-->
<insert id="insertUser">
insert into t_user value(null,'admin','123456',23,'男','12345@qq.com')
</insert>
<!--void updateUser();-->
<update id="updateUser">
update t_user set username = '张三' where id = 4
</update>
<!--void deleteUser();-->
<delete id="deleteUser">
delete from t_user where id = 4
</delete>
<!--User getUserById();-->
<select id="getUserById" resultType="com.qcby.pojo.User">
select * from t_user where id = 3
</select>
<!--List<User> getAllUser();-->
<select id="getAllUser" resultType="com.qcby.pojo.User">
select * from t_user
</select>
</mapper>
注意:
(1)查询的标签select必须设置属性resultType或resultMap,用于设置实体类和数据库表的映射关系
- resultType:设置默认的映射关系,自动映射,用于属性名和表中字段名一致的情况
- resultMap:设置自定义的映射关系,用于一对多或多对一或字段名和属性名不一致的情况
(2)当查询的数据为多条时,不能使用实体类作为返回值,只能使用集合,否则会抛出异常 TooManyResultsException;但是若查询的数据只有一条,可以使用实体类或集合作为返回值
6.通过junit测试功能
SqlSession:代表Java程序和数据库之间的会话(HttpSession是Java程序和浏览器之间的会话)
SqlSessionFactory:是“生产”SqlSession的“工厂”
工厂模式:如果创建某一个对象,使用的过程基本固定,那么就可以把创建这个对象的相关代码封装到一个“工厂类”中,以后都使用这个工厂类来“生产”需要的对象
package com.qcby;
import com.qcby.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.qcby.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
public class MyBatisTest {
/**
* SqlSessionFactory默认不自动提交事务,若需要自动提交事务,可以使用sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true)
* @throws IOException
*/
@Test
public void testMyBatis() throws IOException {
//加载核心配置文件
InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
//获取SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
//获取SqlSessionFactory
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is);
//获取SqlSession,此时通过SqlSession对象所操作的sql都会自动提交
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
//获取mapper接口对象,通过代理模式创建UserMapper接口的代理实现类对象
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
//测试功能,调用UserMapper接口中的方法,就可以根据UserMapper的全类名匹配元素文件,通过调用的方法名匹配映射文件中的SQL标签,并执行标签中的SQL语句
int result = mapper.insertUser();
System.out.println("result:"+result);
}
@Test
public void testUpdate() throws IOException {
InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.updateUser();
}
@Test
public void testDelete() throws IOException {
InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.deleteUser();
}
@Test
public void getUserById() throws IOException {
InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = mapper.getUserById();
System.out.println(user);
}
@Test
public void getAllUser() throws IOException {
InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> users = mapper.getAllUser();
for (User user : users) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}