zabbix基础搭建
zabbix简介
用通俗易懂的话来说，Zabbix是一个监控系统，它可以帮助我们实时检查设备的状态，比如服务器、网络设备等。当设备出现问题时，它会及时通知我们，让我们可以采取措施来解决。同时，它还可以把收集到的数据转化成图表和报告，让我们更直观地了解设备的运行情况
zabbix特性
数据采集：Zabbix Agent方式会定期收集设备的各种指标数据，比如CPU使用率、内存占用、网络流量等。这些数据会被Zabbix Server主动获取。
触发检测告警：Zabbix会根据我们事先设定的阈值和触发条件，对采集到的数据进行检测。如果某个指标超过了阈值或满足了触发条件，Zabbix会触发一个告警。Zabbix会根据事先设置的通知方式，比如邮件、短信等，通知相关的人员或团队。这样我们可以及时知道设备出现了问题。
数据存储：Zabbix将采集到的数据存储在数据库中
数据展示：Zabbix提供了丰富的可视化功能，可以将采集到的数据转化成各种图表和报表。这样我们可以直观地了解设备的运行状态和趋势。
zabbix结构
Zabbix-server：收集监控数据，计算是否满足触发条件，向用户发送通知
Zabbix-database：所有配置信息和Zabbix收集到的数据都被存储在数据库中
Zabbix-Web：为了在任何地方和任何平台都能轻松地访问Zabbix，Zabbix提供了基于Web的界面。该界面是Zabbix Server的一部分，通常跟Zabbix Server运行在同一台物理机器上。
Zabbix-proxy：Zabbix Proxy可以替Zabbix Server收集性能和可用性数据。Proxy代理服务器是Zabbix 软件可选择部署的一部分。当然，Proxy代理服务器可以帮助单台Zabbix Server分担负载压力。
Zabbix-agent：Zabbix Agents监控代理部署在监控目标上，主动监控本地资源和应用(硬件驱动，内存等)
搭建Zabbix
1、设置时钟同步（关闭防火墙和selinux）
[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum -y install chrony
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl restart chronyd
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl enable chronyd
[root@zabbix-server ~]# timedatectl
Local time: Thu 2024-08-08 18:26:21 CST
Universal time: Thu 2024-08-08 10:26:21 UTC
RTC time: Thu 2024-08-08 10:26:21
Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
NTP service: active
RTC in local TZ: no
2、安装zabbix源
[root@zabbix-server ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg -e -i.bak zabbix-release-7.0-2.el9.noarch.rpm
[root@zabbix-server ~]# rpm -Uvh zabbix-release-7.0-2.el9.noarch.rpm
warning: zabbix-release-7.0-2.el9.noarch.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID b5333005: NOKEY
Verifying... ################################# [100%]
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:zabbix-release-7.0-2.el9 ################################# [100%]
[root@zabbix-server ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
backup epel-testing.repo rocky-devel.repo rocky-extras.repo.bak zabbix.repo
epel-cisco-openh264.repo rocky-addons.repo rocky-devel.repo.bak rocky.repo
epel.repo rocky-addons.repo.bak rocky-extras.repo rocky.repo.bak
3、将zabbix的源换成阿里源
[root@zabbix-server ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo
[root@zabbix-server ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo
[zabbix]
name=Zabbix Official Repository - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/7.0/rocky/9/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-B5333005
[zabbix-non-supported]
name=Zabbix Official Repository non-supported - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/non-supported/rhel/9/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-08EFA7DD
gpgcheck=1
[zabbix-sources]
name=Zabbix Official Repository source code - $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/7.0/rocky/9/SRPMS
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-B5333005
gpgcheck=1
[root@zabbix-server ~]#
4、在epel源后面添加一行
[root@zabbix-server ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
excludepkgs=zabbix*
5、安装zabbix server、web前端、agent、 mariadb数据库
[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql zabbix-nginx-conf zabbix-sql-scripts zabbix-selinux-policy zabbix-agent mariadb-server mariadb -y
6、启动数据库服务，并初始化数据库
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl enable mariadb
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@zabbix-server ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] y
Enabled successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Change the root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
7、创建数据库
[root@zabbix-server ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 13
Server version: 10.5.22-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> create database zabbix character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> create user zabbix@localhost identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> set global log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
8、导入数据库
[root@zabbix-server ~]# zcat /usr/share/zabbix-sql-scripts/mysql/server.sql.gz | mysql --default-character-set=utf8mb4 -uzabbix -p zabbix
9、查看是否导入成功
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| zabbix |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use zabbix;
MariaDB [(none)]> use zabbix;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [zabbix]> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_zabbix |
+----------------------------+
| acknowledges |
| actions |
| alerts |
| auditlog |
| autoreg_host |
| changelog |
| conditions |
| config |
| config_autoreg_tls |
| connector |
| connector_tag |
| corr_condition |
| corr_condition_group |
| corr_condition_tag |
| corr_condition_tagpair |
| corr_condition_tagvalue |
| corr_operation |
| correlation |
| dashboard |
| dashboard_page |
| dashboard_user |
| dashboard_usrgrp |
| dbversion |
| dchecks |
| dhosts |
| drules |
| dservices |
| escalations |
| event_recovery |
| event_suppress |
| event_symptom |
| event_tag |
| events |
| expressions |
| functions |
| globalmacro |
| globalvars |
| graph_discovery |
| graph_theme |
| graphs |
| graphs_items |
| group_discovery |
| group_prototype |
| ha_node |
| hgset |
| hgset_group |
| history |
| history_bin |
| history_log |
| history_str |
| history_text |
| history_uint |
| host_discovery |
| host_hgset |
| host_inventory |
| host_proxy |
| host_rtdata |
| host_tag |
| hostmacro |
| hosts |
| hosts_groups |
| hosts_templates |
| housekeeper |
| hstgrp |
| httpstep |
| httpstep_field |
| httpstepitem |
| httptest |
| httptest_field |
| httptest_tag |
| httptestitem |
| icon_map |
| icon_mapping |
| ids |
| images |
| interface |
| interface_discovery |
| interface_snmp |
| item_condition |
| item_discovery |
| item_parameter |
| item_preproc |
| item_rtdata |
| item_rtname |
| item_tag |
| items |
| lld_macro_path |
| lld_override |
| lld_override_condition |
| lld_override_opdiscover |
| lld_override_operation |
| lld_override_ophistory |
| lld_override_opinventory |
| lld_override_opperiod |
| lld_override_opseverity |
| lld_override_opstatus |
| lld_override_optag |
| lld_override_optemplate |
| lld_override_optrends |
| maintenance_tag |
| maintenances |
| maintenances_groups |
| maintenances_hosts |
| maintenances_windows |
| media |
| media_type |
| media_type_message |
| media_type_param |
| mfa |
| mfa_totp_secret |
| module |
| opcommand |
| opcommand_grp |
| opcommand_hst |
| opconditions |
| operations |
| opgroup |
| opinventory |
| opmessage |
| opmessage_grp |
| opmessage_usr |
| optag |
| optemplate |
| permission |
| problem |
| problem_tag |
| profiles |
| proxy |
| proxy_autoreg_host |
| proxy_dhistory |
| proxy_group |
| proxy_group_rtdata |
| proxy_history |
| proxy_rtdata |
| regexps |
| report |
| report_param |
| report_user |
| report_usrgrp |
| rights |
| role |
| role_rule |
| scim_group |
| script_param |
| scripts |
| service_alarms |
| service_problem |
| service_problem_tag |
| service_status_rule |
| service_tag |
| services |
| services_links |
| sessions |
| sla |
| sla_excluded_downtime |
| sla_schedule |
| sla_service_tag |
| sysmap_element_trigger |
| sysmap_element_url |
| sysmap_shape |
| sysmap_url |
| sysmap_user |
| sysmap_usrgrp |
| sysmaps |
| sysmaps_element_tag |
| sysmaps_elements |
| sysmaps_link_triggers |
| sysmaps_links |
| tag_filter |
| task |
| task_acknowledge |
| task_check_now |
| task_close_problem |
| task_data |
| task_remote_command |
| task_remote_command_result |
| task_result |
| timeperiods |
| token |
| trends |
| trends_uint |
| trigger_depends |
| trigger_discovery |
| trigger_queue |
| trigger_tag |
| triggers |
| ugset |
| ugset_group |
| user_scim_group |
| user_ugset |
| userdirectory |
| userdirectory_idpgroup |
| userdirectory_ldap |
| userdirectory_media |
| userdirectory_saml |
| userdirectory_usrgrp |
| users |
| users_groups |
| usrgrp |
| valuemap |
| valuemap_mapping |
| widget |
| widget_field |
+----------------------------+
203 rows in set (0.001 sec)
10、禁用log_bin_trust_function_creators选项
MariaDB [zabbix]>
MariaDB [zabbix]> set global log_bin_trust_function_creators = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [zabbix]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
11、配置zabbix并启动服务
[root@zabbix-server ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
ListenPort=10051 //服务端口
DBHost=localhost //数据库主机
DBName=zabbix //数据库名称
DBUser=zabbix //数据库用户
DBPassword=123456 // 数据库密码
DBSocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock //数据库sock文件
ListenIP=0.0.0.0 //监听的IP
12、为zabbix前端配置PHP，并启动服务
//去除以下两行的注释
[root@zabbix-server ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/zabbix.conf
listen 8080;
server_name example.com;
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-server zabbix-agent nginx php-fpm
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-server zabbix-agent nginx php-fpm
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/zabbix-server.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-server.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/zabbix-agent.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-agent.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.
13、登录配置Zabbix，设置支持中文解决乱码
[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum -y install langpacks-zh_CN.noarch
[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum -y install glibc-common
[root@zabbix-server ~]# locale -a | grep zh_CN
zh_CN
zh_CN.gb18030
zh_CN.gbk
zh_CN.utf8
全部ok下一步
修改端口为3306和密码
设置主机名称和默认时区
选择下一步
初始用户 Admin 密码 zabbix
监控 -----> 主机 -------> 图形化
可以看到上图出现乱码
1、找到windows下的简体 楷体 常规字体
C:\Windows\Fonts
2、将简体 楷体 常规字体文件复制出来
3、上传到Linux系统中的/usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts
4、替换原先的字体文件即可
mv simkai.ttf graphfont.ttf
[root@zabbix-server fonts]# ls
graphfont.ttf zabbix-icons.svg zabbix-icons.ttf zabbix-icons.woff zabbix-icons.woff2
[root@zabbix-server fonts]# mv simkai.ttf graphfont.ttf
mv: overwrite 'graphfont.ttf'? y
[root@zabbix-server fonts]#
下图为解决乱码
13、监控客服端
修改源
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
安装zabbix
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install zabbix-agent
[root@zabbix-agent ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
[root@zabbix-agent ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent
[root@zabbix-agent ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-agent
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/zabbix-agent.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-agent.service.
数据采集 -----> 主机 -----> 添加主机 -----> 修改主机名、模板（Templates/Operating systems —> Linux by Zabbix agent）、主机群组（Linux server）
监控----->主机------>看可用的ZBX是否变为绿色
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