12.C# Stream

Stream

System.IO 命名空间 | Microsoft Learn

Stream 流，字节序列

提供灵活且高效的方式来处理数据的输入和输出

字节数组

字符串->字节数组

var data = Encoding.Default.GetBytes("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");

随机生成字节数组

var data = new byte[1024];
new Random().NextBytes(data);

字节数组->字符串

byte[] data = [0x41, 0x42, 0x43];
String str = Encoding.Default.GetString(data);

16 进制显示

String byte2Hex(byte[] data)
{
    var buffer = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
    {
        buffer.Append(String.Format("{0:X2}", data[i]).ToUpper());
        buffer.Append((i + 1) % 16 == 0 ? "\n" : " ");
    }
    return buffer.ToString();
}

不同编码

var data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("你好");

C# 默认带 UTF-8 编码，不支持 GB2312 需要安装编码库。

dotnet add package System.Text.Encoding.CodePages

Encoding.RegisterProvider(CodePagesEncodingProvider.Instance);
var data = Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312").GetBytes("你好");

Stream

Stream

提供字节序列的泛型视图。 是一个抽象类。

BufferedStream

添加缓冲层以在另一个流上读取和写入操作

文件流

文件对话框

<DockPanel Margin="10"> 
    <StackPanel DockPanel.Dock="Top" Orientation="Horizontal">
        <Button Click="Button_Click" Width="96" Height="36" Margin="0, 0, 0, 10">Open File</Button>
    </StackPanel>
    <TextBox Name="textBox"
            TextWrapping="Wrap"
            AcceptsReturn="True"
            VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto"/>
</DockPanel>

private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
	...
}

OpenFileDialog dialog = new OpenFileDialog();
dialog.Title = "请选择文件";
dialog.Filter = "所有类型的文件|*.*|文本文件 (*.txt)|*.txt";
dialog.FileName = string.Empty;
dialog.FilterIndex = 1;
dialog.Multiselect = false;
dialog.RestoreDirectory = false;
dialog.CheckFileExists = true;
if (dialog.ShowDialog().Value)
{
	String FilePath = Path.GetFullPath(dialog.FileName);
	MessageBox.Show(FilePath);
}

读文件

StreamReader

using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(@"D:\test.txt"))
{
    string line;
    while ((line = sr.ReadLine()) != null)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(line);
    }
}

FileStream

FileStream fileStream = File.Open(@"D:\test.txt", FileMode.Open);
byte[] array = new byte[fileStream.Length];
fileStream.Read(array, 0, array.Length);
fileStream.Close(); 
Console.WriteLine(Encoding.Default.GetString(array));

写文件

SaveFileDialog dialog = new SaveFileDialog();
dialog.Title = "请选择文件";
dialog.Filter = "所有类型的文件|*.*|文本文件 (*.txt)|*.txt";
dialog.FileName = "new-file.txt";
if (dialog.ShowDialog().Value)
{
	String FilePath = Path.GetFullPath(dialog.FileName);
	MessageBox.Show(FilePath);
}

StreamWriter

DirectoryInfo[] cDirs = new DirectoryInfo(@"D:\").GetDirectories();
using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter("CDriveDirs.txt"))
{
    foreach (DirectoryInfo dir in cDirs)
    {
        sw.WriteLine(dir.Name);
    }
}

FileStream

FileStream fileStream = File.Open(@"D:\test.txt",FileMode.Append)
byte[] array = Encoding.Default.GetBytes("Hello Stream")
fileStream.Write(array, 0, array.Length); 
fileStream.Close(); 

网络流

服务端

TcpListener listener=new TcpListener(5000); //服务器监听
listener.Start();//启动
Socket sock=listener.AcceptSocket();//阻塞，直到有客户端连接

NetworkStream networkStream = new NetworkStream(sock);//得到Socket中的流
if (netStream.DataAvailable)   //如果客户端发送了消息
{
   byte[] data = new byte[1024];   //定义一个字节数组，用来存放接收的数据
   int len = netStream.Read(data, 0, data.Length);  //从位置开始，读取到字节数组末尾
   string line = Encoding.Default.GetString(data, 0, len);  //把收到的字节转换为字符串
}

客户端

TcpClient client = new TcpClient();//客户端tcp对象
client.Connect("127.0.0.1", 5000);//连接服务器
NetworkStream myStream = client.GetStream();//得到网络流
                
byte[] data = Encoding.Default.GetBytes("Hi，你好");  //首先把输入的字符串消息转换为字节
myStream .Write(data, 0, data.Length);  //向myStream 里写入数据
myStream .Flush();  //刷新流中的数据
myStream .Close();

内存流

string str = "Hi!你好！";
byte[] array = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);//将字符串转化为字节数组
MemoryStream memory = new MemoryStream(array);//初始化MemoryStream类
byte[] arrayNew = memory.ToArray();//将内存中的数据转换为字节数组
string strNew = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(arrayNew);//将字节数组转换为字符串

输入输出流

输入流

StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(@"D:\test.txt",Encoding.Default);//初始化读取 设置编码格式，否则中文会乱码
string readStr = reader.ReadLine();//从流中读取一行  reader.ReadToEnd()读取全部
reader.Close();//关闭流

输出流

StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(@"D:\test1.txt");//初始化写入
writer.WriteLine("Hi 你好123");//写入一行
writer.Close();