Matlab train函数

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最新推荐文章于 2023-11-14 09:27:17 发布

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本文详细介绍了LIBLINEAR MATLAB工具箱的使用方法，包括训练和预测模型的函数参数说明，返回的模型结构解释，预测结果的解读，以及其他实用工具如libsvmread和libsvmwrite的使用。通过实例演示了如何进行训练和测试，以及如何利用最佳参数进行模型训练。

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Usage
=====

matlab> model = train(training_label_vector, training_instance_matrix [,'liblinear_options', 'col']);

-training_label_vector:
An m by 1 vector of training labels. (type must be double)
-training_instance_matrix:
An m by n matrix of m training instances with n features.
It must be a sparse matrix. (type must be double)
-liblinear_options:
A string of training options in the same format as that of LIBLINEAR.
-col:
if 'col' is set, each column of training_instance_matrix is a data instance. Otherwise each row is a data instance.

matlab> [predicted_label, accuracy, decision_values/prob_estimates] = predict(testing_label_vector, testing_instance_matrix, model [, 'liblinear_options', 'col']);
matlab> [predicted_label] = predict(testing_label_vector, testing_instance_matrix, model [, 'liblinear_options', 'col']);

-testing_label_vector:
An m by 1 vector of prediction labels. If labels of test
data are unknown, simply use any random values. (type must be double)
-testing_instance_matrix:
An m by n matrix of m testing instances with n features.
It must be a sparse matrix. (type must be double)
-model:
The output of train.
-liblinear_options:
A string of testing options in the same format as that of LIBLINEAR.
-col:
if 'col' is set, each column of testing_instance_matrix is a data instance. Otherwise each row is a data instance.

Returned Model Structure
========================

The 'train' function returns a model which can be used for future
prediction. It is a structure and is organized as [Parameters, nr_class,
nr_feature, bias, Label, w]:

-Parameters: Parameters (now only solver type is provided)
-nr_class: number of classes; = 2 for regression
-nr_feature: number of features in training data (without including the bias term)
-bias: If >= 0, we assume one additional feature is added to the end
of each data instance.
-Label: label of each class; empty for regression
-w: a nr_w-by-n matrix for the weights, where n is nr_feature
or nr_feature+1 depending on the existence of the bias term.
nr_w is 1 if nr_class=2 and -s is not 4 (i.e., not
multi-class svm by Crammer and Singer). It is
nr_class otherwise.

If the '-v' option is specified, cross validation is conducted and the
returned model is just a scalar: cross-validation accuracy for
classification and mean-squared error for regression. If the '-C' option
is specified, the best parameter C is found by cross validation. The
returned model is a two dimensional vector, where the first value is
the best C and the second value is the corresponding cross-validation
accuracy. The parameter selection utility is supported by only -s 0
and -s 2.

Result of Prediction
====================

The function 'predict' has three outputs. The first one,
predicted_label, is a vector of predicted labels. The second output,
accuracy, is a vector including accuracy (for classification), mean
squared error, and squared correlation coefficient (for regression).
The third is a matrix containing decision values or probability
estimates (if '-b 1' is specified). If k is the number of classes
and k' is the number of classifiers (k'=1 if k=2, otherwise k'=k), for decision values,
each row includes results of k' binary linear classifiers. For probabilities,
each row contains k values indicating the probability that the testing instance is in
each class. Note that the order of classes here is the same as 'Label'
field in the model structure.

Other Utilities
===============

A matlab function libsvmread reads files in LIBSVM format:

[label_vector, instance_matrix] = libsvmread('data.txt');

Two outputs are labels and instances, which can then be used as inputs
of svmtrain or svmpredict.

A matlab function libsvmwrite writes Matlab matrix to a file in LIBSVM format:

libsvmwrite('data.txt', label_vector, instance_matrix]

The instance_matrix must be a sparse matrix. (type must be double)
For windows, `libsvmread.mexw64' and `libsvmwrite.mexw64' are ready in
the directory `..\windows'.

These codes are prepared by Rong-En Fan and Kai-Wei Chang from National
Taiwan University.

Examples
========

Train and test on the provided data heart_scale:

matlab> [heart_scale_label, heart_scale_inst] = libsvmread('../heart_scale');
matlab> model = train(heart_scale_label, heart_scale_inst, '-c 1');
matlab> [predict_label, accuracy, dec_values] = predict(heart_scale_label, heart_scale_inst, model); % test the training data

Note that for testing, you can put anything in the testing_label_vector.

For probability estimates, you need '-b 1' only in the testing phase:

matlab> [predict_label, accuracy, prob_estimates] = predict(heart_scale_label, heart_scale_inst, model, '-b 1');

Use the best parameter to train (only supported by -s 0 and -s 2):

matlab> best = train(heart_scale_label, heart_scale_inst, '-C -s 0');