centos7 安装zabbix

原创于 2025-07-22 14:54:14 发布 · 1k 阅读

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#zabbix

1. zabbix

1.1 简介

zabbix：服务器监控系统。

zabbix的技术名词

模板
触发器
监控线
主机

zabbix的版本划分

tls是长期支持版本，所以我们学习长期支持版本的 zabbix服务。

zabbix的服务模式

zabbix的服务架构是 lamp 即：

liunx apache mysql php

zabbix的服务是 zabbix:server/agent 模式，即服务端/客户端

zabbix的一些组件

zabbix-agent web7
zabbix-agent db51
zabbix-ui

1.2 zabbix 安装

1.2.1配置yum仓库

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/

配置yum的repo仓库

 rpm -ivh  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-4.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm


[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-4.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
获取https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-4.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
警告：/var/tmp/rpm-tmp.nFeos0: 头V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, 密钥 ID a14fe591: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:zabbix-release-4.0-1.el7         ################################# [100%]

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# pwd
/etc/yum.repos.d
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  docker-ce.repo  zabbix.repo

本地配置zabbix仓库

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat zabbix.repo
[zabbix]
name=Zabbix Official Repository - $basearch
baseurl=http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-A14FE591

[zabbix-non-supported]
name=Zabbix Official Repository non-supported - $basearch
baseurl=http://repo.zabbix.com/non-supported/rhel/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX
gpgcheck=1

1.2.2 安装zabbix-server 服务端以及组件

yum install -y zabbix-server-mysql 以mysql为开发的zabbix的服务端程序
yum install -y zabbix-web-mysql 以mysql开发的php的web页面
yum install -y zabbix-agent 采集客户端数据的核心数据
yum install -y mariadb-server 安装mysql服务端程序

yum install -y zabbix-server-mysql  zabbix-web-mysql zabbix-agent  mariadb-server

1.2.3 启动 mysql 并进行初始化数据

systemctl start mariadb # 启动
systemctl status mariadb # 查看服务状态
systemctl enable mariadb # 设置开机启动

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start  mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable  mariadb
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 二 2025-07-22 11:43:24 CST; 8s ago
 Main PID: 8544 (mysqld_safe)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
           ├─8544 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
           └─8710 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb....

7月 22 11:43:22 localhost.localdomain mariadb-prepare-db-dir[8455]: MySQL manual for more instructions.
7月 22 11:43:22 localhost.localdomain mariadb-prepare-db-dir[8455]: Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira
7月 22 11:43:22 localhost.localdomain mariadb-prepare-db-dir[8455]: The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
7月 22 11:43:22 localhost.localdomain mariadb-prepare-db-dir[8455]: You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
7月 22 11:43:22 localhost.localdomain mariadb-prepare-db-dir[8455]: http://dev.mysql.com
7月 22 11:43:22 localhost.localdomain mariadb-prepare-db-dir[8455]: Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
7月 22 11:43:22 localhost.localdomain mariadb-prepare-db-dir[8455]: https://mariadb.org/get-involved/
7月 22 11:43:22 localhost.localdomain mysqld_safe[8544]: 250722 11:43:22 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
7月 22 11:43:22 localhost.localdomain mysqld_safe[8544]: 250722 11:43:22 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
7月 22 11:43:24 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.

mariadb数据库，启动后，默认是无密码的。我们可以通过mysqladmin 去设置密码

mysqladmin password aidong  # 设置密码为 aidong

验证登录方式

mysql -uroot -paidong
# 注意中间不要加空格 -p后面直接输入密码

创建数据库 zabbix

mysql -uroot -paidong -e 'CREATE DATABASE zabbix CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin;'

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -paidong -e 'CREATE DATABASE zabbix CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin;'
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -paidong -e 'show databases ;'
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
| zabbix             |
+--------------------+

创建用户 zabbix

授权 zabbix用户可以访问 zabbix数据库

CREATE USER 'zabbix'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'zabbix';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON zabbix.* TO 'zabbix'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -paidong
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 19
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'zabbix'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'zabbix';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON zabbix.* TO 'zabbix'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

导入zabbix服务需要的数据库内容

yum下载的的zabbix所需要的数据库文件再 /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-xxx 目录下

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.50/
[root@localhost zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.50]# ls
AUTHORS  ChangeLog  COPYING  create.sql.gz  NEWS  README
[root@localhost zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.50]# pwd
/usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.50

zcat   create.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -paidong zabbix

[root@localhost zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.50]# zcat   create.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -paidong zabbix
[root@localhost zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.50]# mysql -uroot -paidong
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 21
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> use zabbix ;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [zabbix]> show tables ;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_zabbix           |
+----------------------------+
| acknowledges               |
| actions                    |
| alerts                     |
| application_discovery      |
| application_prototype      |

看到zabbix数据库中有多张表，即导入成功

1.3.4 配置zabbix-server 服务

vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

修改zabbix-server的配置，进行配置

LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log # 日志配置
LogFileSize=0 # 日志轮转配置，为0 则不轮转，1 则1mb 轮转一次
PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid  # 服务pid存放位置
SocketDir=/var/run/zabbix # socket配置
DBName=zabbix # 数据库名称
DBUser=zabbix # 数据库用户
DBPassword=aidong # 数据库密码
SNMPTrapperFile=/var/log/snmptrap/snmptrap.log #snmp 日志信息
Timeout=4 # 超时时间
#定义 告警脚本（Alert Scripts） 的存储目录。
#当触发器（Trigger）触发告警时，Zabbix Server 会执行该目录下的脚本（如发送邮件、短信、微信通知等）。
AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts
#定义 外部检查脚本（External Checks） 的存储目录。
#用于 Zabbix Server 主动执行的监控脚本（如自定义采集逻辑）。
ExternalScripts=/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts
LogSlowQueries=3000 # 记录慢sql查询

我们一般只修改 DBxx即可，修改数据库连接信息

关闭seliunx 否则会出现创建 socket目录无权限问题

临时禁用

sudo setenforce 0  # 将SELinux切换到Permissive模式（只记录不拦截）
sudo getenforce    # 检查状态，应显示"Permissive"

# 1. 修改配置文件
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

# 2. 重启系统生效
sudo reboot

# 3. 验证（重启后）
sestatus
# 应显示 "SELinux status: disabled"

启动

[root@localhost system]# systemctl start zabbix-server
[root@localhost system]# systemctl status zabbix-server
● zabbix-server.service - Zabbix Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-server.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 二 2025-07-22 13:05:11 CST; 4min 18s ago
  Process: 39899 ExecStop=/bin/kill -SIGTERM $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 39903 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/zabbix_server -c $CONFFILE (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 39905 (zabbix_server)
   CGroup: /system.slice/zabbix-server.service
           ├─39905 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
           ├─39910 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: configuration syncer [synced configuration in 0.006355 sec, idle 60 sec]
           ├─39913 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: alert manager #1 [sent 0, failed 0 alerts, idle 5.008544 sec during 5.008702 sec]
           ├─39914 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: alerter #1 started
           ├─39915 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: alerter #2 started
           ├─39917 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: alerter #3 started
           ├─39918 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: preprocessing manager #1 [queued 0, processed 2 values, idle 5.977903 sec during 5.978023 sec]
           ├─39919 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: preprocessing worker #1 started
           ├─39920 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: preprocessing worker #2 started
           ├─39921 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: preprocessing worker #3 started

1.3.5 配置zabbix前端

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf

Alias /zabbix /usr/share/zabbix

<Directory "/usr/share/zabbix">
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted

    <IfModule mod_php5.c>
        php_value max_execution_time 300
        php_value memory_limit 128M
        php_value post_max_size 16M
        php_value upload_max_filesize 2M
        php_value max_input_time 300
        php_value max_input_vars 10000
        php_value always_populate_raw_post_data -1
        php_value date.timezone Asia/shanghai
    </IfModule>
</Directory>

<Directory "/usr/share/zabbix/conf">
    Require all denied
</Directory>

<Directory "/usr/share/zabbix/app">
    Require all denied
</Directory>

<Directory "/usr/share/zabbix/include">
    Require all denied
</Directory>

<Directory "/usr/share/zabbix/local">
    Require all denied
</Directory>

我们只需修改时区为中国即可,其他无需修改

启动

[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost conf.d]# ss -tnlpu | grep 80
tcp    LISTEN     0      128    [::]:80                 [::]:*                   users:(("httpd",pid=57791,fd=4),("httpd",pid=57790,fd=4),("httpd",pid=57789,fd=4),("httpd",pid=57788,fd=4),("httpd",pid=57787,fd=4),("httpd",pid=57785,fd=4))

遇到小坑:

/etc/zabbix/web # 此目录必须给到 apache用户权限,否则无法访问前端页面

[root@localhost web]# ll
总用量 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 1036 10月 30 2023 maintenance.inc.php
-rw-------. 1 apache apache  429 7月  22 14:15 zabbix.conf.php

进行访问

http:ip:prot/zabbix

进行检查,需要都ok才可以下一步

设置数据库地址

设置本机信息

一直下一不到登录页面.

默认账号密码

Admin
zabbix

1.3.6 进入页面配置中文

1.3.7 配置zabbix的图形文字

 yum install -y wqy-microhei-fonts -y
# 下载好文字在
[root@localhost wqy-microhei]# ls /usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc
/usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc
# 进行覆盖给zabbix

[root@localhost wqy-microhei]# cp /usr/share/fonts//wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc  /usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts/graphfont.ttf
cp：是否覆盖"/usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts/graphfont.ttf"？ y