全文颜色说明
red代表与小标题相关的关键信息。
blue代表与小标题无关的重要信息。
green代表自己归纳出的对自己很关键的信息。
连词号
A. 当两个或者两个以上的词结合在一起组成复合形容词时,需要用连词号。
He belonged to the leisure class and enjoyed leisure-class pursuits.(leisure class 有闲阶级)
复合形容词
(形容词)-(名词+ed):a kind-hearted woman
(数词/名词)- (名词+ed):a two-faced fellow
(形容词/数词)- (名词):a long-distance telephone call
(名词)- (名词):peace-loving people
(名词/形容词)- (形容词):a snow-white wall
不同短语:a life-and-death struggle, a down-to-earth spirit,an out-and-out lie(彻头彻尾的谎言),an out-of-the-way mountain village(偏僻的村庄),a take-it-and-leave-it attitude(无所谓的态度)
B. 连接一个换行的单词
一个词写到一行的末尾需要分写移行时,其单词的划分不是随意划分,而是按照音节何划分。可以从印刷考究的数据中仔细观察其中的音节划分,可以从实例中总结甚至掌握音节划分。
感叹号
不要用感叹号强调简单的陈述句。
It was a wonderful show.
what a wonderful show!
圆括号
如果一个句子中有一个词语置于圆括号之内,则该句子的标点符号要放在括号之外。圆括号之内的词语或者句子要根据各自的意思进行标点。除末尾的句号不需要外,问号和感叹号是不能省略的。
I went to her house yesterday (my third attempt to see her), but she had left town.
He declares (and why should we doubt his good faith?) that he is now certain of success.
引号
作为文件证明的正式引文,用冒号引导,并置于引号中。
The United States Coast Pilot has this to say of the place: “Bracy Cove, 0.5 mile eastward of Bear Island, is exposed to southeast winds, has a rocky and uneven bottom, and is unfit for anchorage.”
作为同位语或动词直接宾语的直接引文,用逗号引导,并置于引号中。
I am reminded of the advice of my neighbor, “Never worry about your heart till it stops beating.”
Mark Twain says, “A classic is something that everybody wants to have read and nobody wants to read.”
当直接引文后加限定短语时,逗号置于引号之中。
印刷的惯例规定,逗号应该在引号之内,但是逻辑而言,逗号不应该在引号之内。我们还是规定在引号之内。
“I can’t attend,” she said.
由that引导的引文时间接引文,因此不用引号。
Keats declares that beauty is truth, truth beauty.
Dickinson states that a coffin is a small domain.
数字
日期和其他的连顺的号码不要拼写出来,写成阿拉伯数字或者罗马数字比较好。特例:除非在对话中,最好把他们拼写出来。
August 9, 1988
Part XII
352d Infantry
Rule 3
“In the year 1990, I turned twenty-one.”
“I arrived home on August ninth.”
书名
论文中,书名写作规范:斜体且首字母大写。书名前用所有格时候,请删去书名开头的冠词A或者The.
A Tale of Two Cities ; Dickens’s Tale of Two Cities.
The Age of Innocence ; Wharton’s Age of Innocence .
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