AT91Sam9260的SPI

一，SPI的定义

SPI是串行外设接口（Serial Peripheral Interface）的缩写。

SPI，是一种高速的，全双工，同步的通信总线，并且在芯片的管脚上只占用四根线，具有简单易用的特性，如今越来越多的芯片集成了这种通信协议。

二、SPI的通信原理

9260中的电路图中可以看到关于spi的两对八个引脚，分别是SPI0、SPI1。

1、9260的datasheet对SPI的描述

The SPI system consists of two data lines and two control lines:
 Master Out Slave In (MOSI): This data line supplies the output data from the master shifted into the input(s) of the slave(s).
 Master In Slave Out (MISO): This data line supplies the output data from a slave to the input of the master. There may be no more than one slave transmitting data during any particular transfer.
 Serial Clock (SPCK): This control line is driven by the master and regulates the flow of the data bits. The
master may transmit data at a variety of baud rates; the SPCK line cycles once for each bit that is transmitted.
 Slave Select (NSS): This control line allows slaves to be turned on and off by hardware.
spi支持外部通讯设备：包括ADC DAC LCD CAN 和一部分传感器等，提供主设备或者从设备的外部总线接口，支持快速发送。

2、管脚功能描述：

MOSI 主机发送从机接收线

MISO 主机接收从机发送线
SPCK 主机发出的同步时钟线
NSS  片选

3、功能描述

SPI 的工作模式分为主模式和从模式，由模式控制寄存器的MSTR位来控制，1-主模式，0-从模式

用于数据传输方式有两根线控制CS和CK，分别具有两种极性，就构成了四种组合。通过芯片选择寄存器中的CPOL来控制时钟极性

NCPHA控制时钟周期。

四、spi驱动程序

在设备注册函数中注册设备

static struct spi_board_info stamp9g20_spi_devices[] = {
{
.modalias = "spidev",
.chip_select = 0,
.max_speed_hz = 1 * 1000 * 1000,
.bus_num = 1,
.mode = SPI_MODE_1,
},
{
.modalias = "spidev",
.chip_select = 2,
.max_speed_hz = 1 * 1000 * 1000,
.bus_num = 1,
.mode = SPI_MODE_1,
},
};

at91_add_device_spi(ek_spi_devices, ARRAY_SIZE(ek_spi_devices));

在devices.c中找到注册的相关函数：

static struct resource spi0_resources[] = {
[0] = {
.start = AT91SAM9260_BASE_SPI0,
.end = AT91SAM9260_BASE_SPI0 + SZ_16K - 1,
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
},
[1] = {
.start = AT91SAM9260_ID_SPI0,
.end = AT91SAM9260_ID_SPI0,
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
},
};

static struct platform_device at91sam9260_spi0_device = {
.name = "atmel_spi",
.id = 0,
.dev = {
.dma_mask = &spi_dmamask,
.coherent_dma_mask= DMA_BIT_MASK(32),
},
.resource = spi0_resources,
.num_resources= ARRAY_SIZE(spi0_resources),
};

static const unsigned spi0_standard_cs[4] = { AT91_PIN_PA3, AT91_PIN_PC11, AT91_PIN_PC16, AT91_PIN_PC17 };

static struct resource spi1_resources[] = {
[0] = {
.start = AT91SAM9260_BASE_SPI1,
.end = AT91SAM9260_BASE_SPI1 + SZ_16K - 1,
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
},
[1] = {
.start = AT91SAM9260_ID_SPI1,
.end = AT91SAM9260_ID_SPI1,
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
},
};

static struct platform_device at91sam9260_spi1_device = {
.name = "atmel_spi",
.id = 1,
.dev = {
.dma_mask = &spi_dmamask,
.coherent_dma_mask= DMA_BIT_MASK(32),
},
.resource = spi1_resources,
.num_resources= ARRAY_SIZE(spi1_resources),
};

static const unsigned spi1_standard_cs[4] = { AT91_PIN_PB3, AT91_PIN_PC5, AT91_PIN_PC4, AT91_PIN_PC3 };

void __init at91_add_device_spi(struct spi_board_info *devices, int nr_devices)
{
int i;
unsigned long cs_pin;
short enable_spi0 = 0;
short enable_spi1 = 0;

/* Choose SPI chip-selects */
for (i = 0; i < nr_devices; i++) {
if (devices[i].controller_data)
cs_pin = (unsigned long) devices[i].controller_data;
else if (devices[i].bus_num == 0)
cs_pin = spi0_standard_cs[devices[i].chip_select];
else
cs_pin = spi1_standard_cs[devices[i].chip_select];

if (devices[i].bus_num == 0)
enable_spi0 = 1;
else
enable_spi1 = 1;

/* enable chip-select pin */
at91_set_gpio_output(cs_pin, 1);

/* pass chip-select pin to driver */
devices[i].controller_data = (void *) cs_pin;
}

spi_register_board_info(devices, nr_devices);

/* Configure SPI bus(es) */
if (enable_spi0) {
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PA0, 0);/* SPI0_MISO */
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PA1, 0);/* SPI0_MOSI */
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PA2, 0);/* SPI1_SPCK */

at91_clock_associate("spi0_clk", &at91sam9260_spi0_device.dev, "spi_clk");
platform_device_register(&at91sam9260_spi0_device);
}
if (enable_spi1) {
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PB0, 0);/* SPI1_MISO */
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PB1, 0);/* SPI1_MOSI */
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PB2, 0);/* SPI1_SPCK */

at91_clock_associate("spi1_clk", &at91sam9260_spi1_device.dev, "spi_clk");
platform_device_register(&at91sam9260_spi1_device);
}
}
#else
void __init at91_add_device_spi(struct spi_board_info *devices, int nr_devices) {}
#endif

其中比较重要的SPI信息的寄存器：

原型为：

struct spi_board_info {
/* the device name and module name are coupled, like platform_bus;
* "modalias" is normally the driver name.
*
* platform_data goes to spi_device.dev.platform_data,
* controller_data goes to spi_device.controller_data,
* irq is copied too
*/
char modalias[32];
const void *platform_data;
void *controller_data;
int irq;
/* slower signaling on noisy or low voltage boards */
u32 max_speed_hz;
/* bus_num is board specific and matches the bus_num of some
* spi_master that will probably be registered later.
*
* chip_select reflects how this chip is wired to that master;
* it's less than num_chipselect.
*/
u16 bus_num;
u16 chip_select;
/* mode becomes spi_device.mode, and is essential for chips
* where the default of SPI_CS_HIGH = 0 is wrong.
*/
u8 mode;
/* ... may need additional spi_device chip config data here.
* avoid stuff protocol drivers can set; but include stuff
* needed to behave without being bound to a driver:
*  - quirks like clock rate mattering when not selected

*设备的芯片选择可能需要重新配置
*/
};

内核配置支持SPI

然后内核启动后在内核打印信息和文件系统中的sys/bus/platform/devices/中

在dev/文件中也找到了SPI 的句柄；

五、SPI应用层的编程：

/*
 * SPI testing utility (using spidev driver)
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2007 MontaVista Software, Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2007 Anton Vorontsov 
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License.
 *
 * Cross-compile with cross-gcc -I/path/to/cross-kernel/include
 */

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]))

static void pabort(const char *s)
{
    perror(s);
    abort();
}

static const char *device = "/dev/spidev1.0";
static uint8_t mode;
static uint8_t bits = 8;
static uint32_t speed = 500000;
static uint16_t delay;

static void transfer(int fd)
{
    int ret;
    //发送数据区域
    uint8_t tx[] = {
        0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
        0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x95,
        0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
        0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
        0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
        0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xBA, 0xAD,
        0xF0, 0x0D,
    };

    //接收数据区域
    uint8_t rx[ARRAY_SIZE(tx)] = {0, };
    struct spi_ioc_transfer tr = {
        .tx_buf = (unsigned long)tx,
        .rx_buf = (unsigned long)rx,
        .len = ARRAY_SIZE(tx),
        .delay_usecs = delay,
        .speed_hz = speed,
        .bits_per_word = bits,
    };

    ret = ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_MESSAGE(1), &tr);
    if (ret < 1)
        pabort("can't send spi message");

    for (ret = 0; ret < ARRAY_SIZE(tx); ret++) {
        if (!(ret % 6))
            puts("");
        printf("%.2X ", rx[ret]);
    }
    puts("");
}

static void print_usage(const char *prog)
{
    printf("Usage: %s [-DsbdlHOLC3]\n", prog);
    puts(" -D --device device to use (default /dev/spidev1.1)\n"
     " -s --speed max speed (Hz)\n"
     " -d --delay delay (usec)\n"
     " -b --bpw bits per word \n"
     " -l --loop loopback\n"
     " -H --cpha clock phase\n"
     " -O --cpol clock polarity\n"
     " -L --lsb least significant bit first\n"
     " -C --cs-high chip select active high\n"
     " -3 --3wire SI/SO signals shared\n");
    exit(1);
}

static void parse_opts(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    while (1) {
        static const struct option lopts[] = {
            { "device", 1, 0, 'D' },
            { "speed", 1, 0, 's' },
            { "delay", 1, 0, 'd' },
            { "bpw", 1, 0, 'b' },
            { "loop", 0, 0, 'l' },
            { "cpha", 0, 0, 'H' },
            { "cpol", 0, 0, 'O' },
            { "lsb", 0, 0, 'L' },
            { "cs-high", 0, 0, 'C' },
            { "3wire", 0, 0, '3' },
            { "no-cs", 0, 0, 'N' },
            { "ready", 0, 0, 'R' },
            { NULL, 0, 0, 0 },
        };
        int c;

        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "D:s:d:b:lHOLC3NR", lopts, NULL);

        if (c == -1)
            break;

        switch (c) {
        case 'D':
            device = optarg;
            break;
        case 's':
            speed = atoi(optarg);
            break;
        case 'd':
            delay = atoi(optarg);
            break;
        case 'b':
            bits = atoi(optarg);
            break;
        case 'l':
            mode |= SPI_LOOP;
            break;
        case 'H':
            mode |= SPI_CPHA;
            break;
        case 'O':
            mode |= SPI_CPOL;
            break;
        case 'L':
            mode |= SPI_LSB_FIRST;
            break;
        case 'C':
            mode |= SPI_CS_HIGH;
            break;
        case '3':
            mode |= SPI_3WIRE;
            break;
        case 'N':
            mode |= SPI_NO_CS;
            break;
        case 'R':
            mode |= SPI_READY;
            break;
        default:
            print_usage(argv[0]);
            break;
        }
    }
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int ret = 0;
    int fd;

    parse_opts(argc, argv);

    fd = open(device, O_RDWR);
    if (fd < 0)
        pabort("can't open device");

    /*
     * spi mode
     */
    ret = ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_WR_MODE, &mode);
    if (ret == -1)
        pabort("can't set spi mode");

    ret = ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_RD_MODE, &mode);
    if (ret == -1)
        pabort("can't get spi mode");

    /*
     * bits per word
     */
    ret = ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_WR_BITS_PER_WORD, &bits);
    if (ret == -1)
        pabort("can't set bits per word");

    ret = ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_RD_BITS_PER_WORD, &bits);
    if (ret == -1)
        pabort("can't get bits per word");

    /*
     * max speed hz
     */
    ret = ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_WR_MAX_SPEED_HZ, &speed);
    if (ret == -1)
        pabort("can't set max speed hz");

    ret = ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_RD_MAX_SPEED_HZ, &speed);
    if (ret == -1)
        pabort("can't get max speed hz");

    printf("spi mode: %d\n", mode);
    printf("bits per word: %d\n", bits);
    printf("max speed: %d Hz (%d KHz)\n", speed, speed/1000);

    transfer(fd);

    close(fd);

    return ret;
}