UVC USB摄像头简介

Hardware

USB info

完整描述符:

Video dev

sudo apt install v4l-utils # 安装工具

v4l2-ctl --list-devices # 列出所有视频设备

#查看详细摄像头参数 v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --all #查看支持的格式和分辨率 v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --list-formats-ext

Video record

#基本录制命令
ffmpeg -f v4l2 -i /dev/video0 output.mp4

#指定分辨率、帧率和格式
ffmpeg -f v4l2 -framerate 30 -video_size 640x480 -input_format mjpeg -i /dev/video0 output.mp4

#录制时显示预览
ffmpeg -f v4l2 -i /dev/video0 -vf "split=2[out1][tmp];[tmp]drawtext=text='Live Preview':x=10:y=10:fontsize=24:fontcolor=white[out2]" -map [out1] output.mp4 -map [out2] -f sdl "Preview"

#录制音频和视频（如果摄像头支持音频）
ffmpeg -f v4l2 -i /dev/video0 -f alsa -i default output.mkv

重复占用会打印错误

Video play

# GUVCview
sudo apt install guvcview
guvcview
# Cheese
sudo apt install cheese
cheese
# MPV
sudo apt install mpv
mpv av://v4l2:/dev/video0

More control

调整摄像头参数

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --set-ctrl=brightness=128 v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --set-ctrl=contrast=128 v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --set-ctrl=saturation=128

列出所有可调参数

v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --list-ctrls

拍照

ffmpeg -f v4l2 -video_size 1280x720 -i /dev/video0 -frames 1 photo.jpg

OpenCV program

python

import cv2

cap = cv2.VideoCapture('/dev/video0')

while True:
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    cv2.imshow('frame', frame)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break

cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

c

#include <linux/videodev2.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int fd = open("/dev/video0", O_RDWR);
    if (fd == -1) {
        perror("Opening video device");
        return 1;
    }
    
    struct v4l2_capability cap;
    if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) == -1) {
        perror("Querying Capabilities");
        return 1;
    }
    
    printf("Driver: %s\nCard: %s\nBus info: %s\n",
           cap.driver, cap.card, cap.bus_info);
    
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}