23. 常用类--枚举类

枚举类：（JDK5.0新增enum关键字定义枚举类）
枚举类的对象只能是有有限个且是确定的。比如说星期类：星期一到星期日；性别类：男女
当需要定义一组常量时，强烈建议使用枚举类

自定义枚举类的步骤
//1.私有化类的构造器，保证无法在类的外部创建对象；
//2.类内部创建枚举类的实例，声明为private static final
//3.对象若有实例变量，声明为private final，并在构造器中初始化

class Season{
    private final String SEASONNAME;
    private final String SEASONDESC;
    private Season(String name,String desc){
        this.SEASONNAME = name;
        this.SEASONDESC = desc;
    }

    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天", "春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天", "夏日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天", "秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天", "白雪皑皑");

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "SEASONNAME='" + SEASONNAME + '\'' +
                ", SEASONDESC='" + SEASONDESC + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

public class EnumClass {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season spring = Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);

    }
}

enum定义枚举类

具体模板代码如下：

public class EnumClass {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SeasonEnum seasonEnum = SeasonEnum.SPRING;
        System.out.println(seasonEnum);
        System.out.println(seasonEnum.getClass().getSuperclass());//class java.lang.Enum
    }
}


enum SeasonEnum{
    //提供当前枚举类的对象，对象之间使用，分开，最后一个使用：
    SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天", "白雪皑皑");

    private final String SEASONNAME;
    private final String SEASONDESC;
    private SeasonEnum(String name,String desc){
        this.SEASONNAME = name;
        this.SEASONDESC = desc;
    }

    public String getSEASONDESC() {
        return SEASONDESC;
    }

    public String getSEASONNAME() {
        return SEASONNAME;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "SeasonEnum{" +
                "SEASONNAME='" + SEASONNAME + '\'' +
                ", SEASONDESC='" + SEASONDESC + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Enum类的常用方法：（Enum是一个抽象类）

• values()方法：返回枚举类型的对象数组。该方法可以很方便地遍历所有的枚举值。
• valueOf(String str)：可以把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象。要求字符串必须是枚举类对象的“名字”。如不是，会有运行时异常：IllegalArgumentException。
• toString()：返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SeasonEnum seasonEnum = SeasonEnum.SPRING;
        System.out.println(seasonEnum);
        System.out.println(seasonEnum.getClass().getSuperclass());//class java.lang.Enum

        //values()
        SeasonEnum[] values = SeasonEnum.values();
        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(values[i]);
        }
        //valueOf(String objName) 返回对象名为objName的对象
        SeasonEnum winter = SeasonEnum.valueOf("WINTER");
        System.out.println(winter);

        System.out.println(seasonEnum.toString());
    }

实现接口的枚举类

interface info{
    void show();
}

enum SeasonEnum implements info{
    //可在枚举类中定义的对象后直接重写show方法
    //这样每个枚举对象的show便可以不同
    SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("春天春天");
        }
    },
    SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("夏天夏天");
        }
    },
    AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("秋天秋天");
        }
    },
    WINTER("冬天", "白雪皑皑"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("冬天冬天");
        }
    };
    ........
}

该博客图片来源于尚硅谷宋老师教学课件