RabbitMQ 入门教程

RabbitMQ 入门教程

1. 引言

RabbitMQ 是一个开源的消息代理和队列服务器，实现高级消息队列协议 (AMQP)。它能帮助开发者实现应用程序间的解耦、异步处理、流量削峰等需求。

2. 安装与配置

2.1 安装RabbitMQ

2.1.1 Ubuntu

```bash

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install rabbitmq-server

```

2.1.2 Windows

1. 下载安装包: [RabbitMQ Download](https://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html)

2. 运行安装向导。

2.2 启动服务

```bash

sudo service rabbitmq-server start

```

2.3 配置管理插件

```bash

sudo rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

```

2.4 访问管理界面

- 浏览器访问: `http://localhost:15672/`

- 默认用户名/密码: `guest/guest`

3. Python 开发环境准备

3.1 安装pika库

```bash

pip install pika

```

4. Hello World 示例

4.1 发送端 - send.py

```python

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',

routing_key='hello',

body='Hello World!')

print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")

connection.close()

```

4.2 接收端 - receive.py

```python

import pika

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print(" [x] Received %r" % body)

connection = pik