go语言实现PoS共识机制

1.新建main.go文件

package main

import (
    "bufio"
    "crypto/sha256"
    "encoding/hex"
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "log"
    "math/rand"
    "net"
    "os"
    "strconv"
    "sync"
    "time"

    "github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"    //spew包将区块链输出到终端
    "github.com/joho/godotenv"           //godotenv从前面的.env文件中读取配置信息
)
// Block represents each 'item' in the blockchain
type Block struct {
   
   
    Index     int
    Timestamp string
    BPM       int
    Hash      string
    PrevHash  string
    Validator string                     //由原先的difficulty改为了现在validator,即记账节点的地址
}

// Blockchain is a series of validated Blocks
var Blockchain []Block
var tempBlocks []Block
// tempBlocks是临时存储单元，在区块被选出来并添加到BlockChain之前，临时存储在这里

// candidateBlocks handles incoming blocks for validation
var candidateBlocks = make(chan Block)
//chan建立的是一个fifo队列，fifo先进先出
//candidateBlocks 是 Block 的通道，任何一个节点在提出一个新块时都将它发送到这个通道

// announcements broadcasts winning validator to all nodes
var announcements = make(chan string)
// announcements也是一个通道，主Go TCP服务器将向所有节点广播最新的区块链

var mutex = &sync.Mutex{
   
   }
//是一个标准变量，允许我们控制读/写和防止数据竞争

// validators keeps track of open validators and balances
var validators = make(map[string]int)
//validators 是节点的存储地址，同时也会保存每个节点持有的令牌数

//calculateBlockHash函数将一个block的所有字段连接到一起后，再调用 calculateHash 将字符串进行求hash。
// SHA256 hasing
// calculateHash is a simple SHA256 hashing function
func calculateHash(s string) string {
   
   
    h := sha256.New()
    h.Write([]byte(s))
    hashed := h.Sum(nil)
    return hex.EncodeToString(hashed)
}

//calculateBlockHash returns the hash of all block information
func calculateBlockHash(block Block) string {
   
   
    record := string(block.Index) + block.Timestamp + string(block.BPM) + block.PrevHash
    return calculateHash(record)
}

//与前一个区块的hash值，生成区块
func generateBlock(oldBlock Block, BPM int, address string) (Block, error) {
   
   

    var newBlock Block

    t := time.Now()

    newBlock.Index = oldBlock.Index + 1
    newBlock.Timestamp