依赖注入:
依赖 : 指Bean对象的创建依赖于容器 。 Bean对象的依赖资源。
注入 : 指Bean对象所依赖的资源 , 由容器来设置和装配 。
一:构造器注入
1:通过无参构造方法来创建( 实质通过set注入创建 )
实体类:
public class User {
private String name;
public User() {
System.out.println("无参构造方法");
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
bean配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.lmy.pojo.User">
<property name="name" value="zhangSan"/>
</bean>
</beans>
测试:
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
}
}
输出:
无参构造方法
Process finished with exit code 0
当没有无参构造方法时:
public class User2 {
private String name;
public User2(String name) {
this.name = name;
System.out.println("有参构造方法");
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
配置报错:
总结: 默认的创建方式即通过无参构造方法创建,在getBean获取容器对象时对象已经创建了
2:通过有参构造方法来创建
实体类:
public class User2 {
private String name;
public User2(String name) {
this.name = name;
System.out.println("有参构造方法");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
bean配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 第一种根据index参数下标设置 -->
<bean id="user2" class="com.lmy.pojo.User2">
<!-- index指构造方法 , 下标从0开始 -->
<constructor-arg index="0" value="zhangSan2"/>
</bean>
<!-- 第二种根据参数名字设置 -->
<bean id="user3" class="com.lmy.pojo.User2">
<!-- name指参数名 -->
<constructor-arg name="name" value="zhangSan3"/>
</bean>
<!-- 第三种根据参数类型设置 -->
<bean id="user4" class="com.lmy.pojo.User2">
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="zhangSan4"/>
</bean>
</beans>
测试:
public class MyTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans2.xml");
User2 user2 = (User2) context.getBean("user2");
User2 user3 = (User2) context.getBean("user3");
User2 user4 = (User2) context.getBean("user4");
System.out.println(user2);
System.out.println(user3);
System.out.println(user4);
}
}
结果:
有参构造方法
有参构造方法
有参构造方法
User{name='zhangSan2'}
User{name='zhangSan3'}
User{name='zhangSan4'}
Process finished with exit code 0
结论:
在配置文件加载的时候。其中管理的对象都已经初始化了!
注意:
- 根据参数类型来设置参数时,基本类型可直接用,但引用类型需要将类型写成全限定类名,否则报错
- 不建议使用根据参数类型来设置参数这种方式,因为当实体中有多个相同类型的参数时这种方式将不可用
二:set注入 (重点)
注意:要求被注入的属性 , 必须有set方法, set方法的方法名由set + 属性首字母大写 , 如果属性是boolean类型 , 没有set方法 , 是 is 。
实体类:
public class Address {
private String address;
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address{" +
"address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
public class Student {
private String name;
private Address address;
private String[] books;
private List<String> hobbies;
private Map<String,String> card;
private Set<String> games;
private String wife;
private Properties info;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String[] getBooks() {
return books;
}
public void setBooks(String[] books) {
this.books = books;
}
public List<String> getHobbies() {
return hobbies;
}
public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
this.hobbies = hobbies;
}
public Map<String, String> getCard() {
return card;
}
public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
this.card = card;
}
public Set<String> getGames() {
return games;
}
public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
this.games = games;
}
public String getWife() {
return wife;
}
public void setWife(String wife) {
this.wife = wife;
}
public Properties getInfo() {
return info;
}
public void setInfo(Properties info) {
this.info = info;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", address=" + address +
", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
", hobbies=" + hobbies +
", card=" + card +
", games=" + games +
", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
", info=" + info +
'}';
}
}
配置类:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="address" class="com.lmy.pojo.Address">
<property name="address" value="重庆"/>
</bean>
<bean id="student" class="com.lmy.pojo.Student">
<!--常量注入-->
<property name="name" value="zhangSan"/>
<!--Bean注入,这里的值是一个引用,ref-->
<property name="address" ref="address"/>
<!--数组注入-->
<property name="books">
<array>
<value>红楼梦</value>
<value>西游记</value>
<value>水浒传</value>
<value>三国演义</value>
</array>
</property>
<!--List注入-->
<property name="hobbies">
<list>
<value>唱歌</value>
<value>跳舞</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--Map注入-->
<property name="card">
<map>
<entry key="手机卡" value="12345678912"/>
<entry key="身份证" value="123456789123456789"/>
</map>
</property>
<!--set注入-->
<property name="games">
<set>
<value>GTA5</value>
<value>王者荣耀</value>
</set>
</property>
<!--Null注入-->
<property name="wife">
<null/>
</property>
<!--Properties注入-->
<property name="info">
<props>
<prop key="学号">123</prop>
<prop key="性别">男</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
测试:
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
System.out.println(student.toString());
}
}
结果:
Student{name='zhangSan', address=Address{address='重庆'}, books=[红楼梦, 西游记, 水浒传, 三国演义], hobbies=[唱歌, 跳舞], card={手机卡=12345678912, 身份证=123456789123456789}, games=[GTA5, 王者荣耀], wife='null', info={学号=123, 性别=男}}
Process finished with exit code 0
三:“c命名空间注入”和“p命名空间注入”
实体类:
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
public User(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--
需要导入约束 : xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
P(属性: properties)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置set方法
-->
<bean id="user" class="com.lmy.pojo.User" p:name="zhangShan" p:age="21"/>
<!--
导入约束 : xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
C(构造: Constructor)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置有参构造方法
-->
<bean id="user1" class="com.lmy.pojo.User" c:name="lisi" c:age="21"/>
</beans>
测试:
public class MyUserTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
User user = (User) context.getBean("user1");
System.out.println(user.toString());
}
}
输出:
User{name='lisi', age=21}
Process finished with exit code 0
结论:
P(属性: properties)命名空间注入即类似于set注入
C(构造: Constructor)命名空间注入即类似于有参构造器注入
注意:
有参构造器注入与set注入不能同时用于同一个实体类。因为实体类中有有参构造器后只能使用有参构造器注入,不能使用set注入