Java8 Stream collect(Collectors.toMap()) 用法

原创已于 2022-12-01 22:23:12 修改 · 4.1k 阅读

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于 2021-07-21 20:21:46 首次发布

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本文详细介绍了在Java8中如何使用Stream的Collectors.toMap方法将List转换成Map。通过三种不同参数的重载方法，展示了如何处理Key冲突、创建不同类型的Map以及构建映射关系。示例代码中，展示了将Student列表转换为Map的过程，包括根据ID和班级ID作为Key的不同转换方式。

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Collectors.toMap 用法

在我们实际开发过程中经常使用到将List 转为Map的过程,在Java8 中Stream提供简便开发的方式

测试

测试DTO

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

/**
 * @author yuchangrong
 * @date 2022/12/01 18:16
 * @description
 */
@Data
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Student {
    private String id;

    private String name;

    private String classId;
}

构造数据

public List<Student> getList(){
        List<Student> list =new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new Student("1", "张三", "c1"));
        list.add(new Student("2", "李四", "c1"));
        list.add(new Student("3", "王五", "c1"));
        list.add(new Student("4", "赵四", "c1"));
        list.add(new Student("5", "詹姆斯", "c2"));
        list.add(new Student("6", "杜兰特", "c3"));
        list.add(new Student("7", "哈登", "c3"));
        list.add(new Student("8", "保罗", "c3"));
        list.add(new Student("9", "欧文", "c3"));
        list.add(new Student("10", "艾弗森", "c2"));
        list.add(new Student("11", "乔丹", "c4"));
        return list;
     }

三个重载的方法

两个参数

两个参数对应key和value的构造

public static <T, K, U>
    Collector<T, ?, Map<K,U>> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
                                    Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper) {
        return new CollectorImpl<>(HashMap::new,
                                   uniqKeysMapAccumulator(keyMapper, valueMapper),
                                   uniqKeysMapMerger(),
                                   CH_ID);
    }

@Test
    public void testMap() {
        Map<String, Student> studentMap = getList().stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Student::getId, temp -> temp));
        System.out.println(studentMap);
    }

三个参数

前两个参数同上；第三个参数是解决同一个key有多个value时的解决方式

public static <T, K, U>
    Collector<T, ?, Map<K,U>> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
                                    Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper,
                                    BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction) {
        return toMap(keyMapper, valueMapper, mergeFunction, HashMap::new);
    }

@Test
    public void testMap1() {
        Map<String, List<Student>> studentMap = getList().stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Student::getClassId, temp -> {
            List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
            list.add(temp);
            return list;
        }, (list1, list2) -> {
            list1.addAll(list2);
            return list1;
        }));
        System.out.println(studentMap);
    }

四个参数

四个参数时前三个参数同上；最后一个参数是指定用哪种类型的map

public static <T, K, U, M extends Map<K, U>>
    Collector<T, ?, M> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
                                Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper,
                                BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction,
                                Supplier<M> mapSupplier) {
        BiConsumer<M, T> accumulator
                = (map, element) -> map.merge(keyMapper.apply(element),
                                              valueMapper.apply(element), mergeFunction);
        return new CollectorImpl<>(mapSupplier, accumulator, mapMerger(mergeFunction), CH_ID);
    }

@Test
    public void testMap2() {
        Map<String, List<Student>> studentMap = getList().stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Student::getClassId, temp -> {
            List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
            list.add(temp);
            return list;
        }, (list1, list2) -> {
            list1.addAll(list2);
            return list1;
        }, LinkedHashMap::new));
        System.out.println(studentMap);
    }