LeetCode-48. Rotate Image

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博客给出一个n x n的二维矩阵代表图像，要求将图像顺时针旋转90度，且需原地旋转，不能另分配二维矩阵。题解为通过先进行对角线交换，再进行左右交换来实现旋转。

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You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image.

Rotate the image by 90 degrees (clockwise).

Note:

You have to rotate the image in-place, which means you have to modify the input 2D matrix directly. DO NOT allocate another 2D matrix and do the rotation.

Example 1:

Given input matrix = 
[
  [1,2,3],
  [4,5,6],
  [7,8,9]
],

rotate the input matrix in-place such that it becomes:
[
  [7,4,1],
  [8,5,2],
  [9,6,3]
]

Example 2:

Given input matrix =
[
  [ 5, 1, 9,11],
  [ 2, 4, 8,10],
  [13, 3, 6, 7],
  [15,14,12,16]
], 

rotate the input matrix in-place such that it becomes:
[
  [15,13, 2, 5],
  [14, 3, 4, 1],
  [12, 6, 8, 9],
  [16, 7,10,11]
]

题解：

先对角线交换，再左右交换即可

class Solution {
public:
    void swap(int &a, int &b) {
        int idx = a;
        a = b;
        b = idx;
    }
    void rotate(vector<vector<int>>& matrix) {
        int n = matrix.size();
        if (n <= 1) {
            return;
        } 
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
                swap(matrix[i][j], matrix[j][i]);
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n / 2; j++) {
                swap(matrix[i][j], matrix[i][n - j - 1]);
            }
        }
    }
};