idea 的SpringBoot项目做单元测试

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-13 17:30:59 发布

sinat_36710456

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-13 17:30:59 发布

阅读量4.4k

点赞数

分类专栏： idea

idea 专栏收录该内容

44 篇文章

订阅专栏

本文介绍如何为SpringBoot项目中的功能进行单元测试，包括使用IDEA自动生成测试文件、添加测试逻辑并运行测试的方法。同时提供了Controller的具体示例及其对应的单元测试实现。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

SpringBoot项目的一个功能开发完成之后，需要对功能做单元测试，需要项目有单元测试的功能，这个项目是一个新建的项目，所以需要自己弄，下面记载一下步骤。

首先，我们使用点击需要做单元测试的类名，右击使用idea自带生成单元测试文件的功能：
1.点击文件 -> GO TO -> Test
这里写图片描述
2.

3.

4.生成测试文件

5.加单元测试注解

6.在测试类中添加测试逻辑并运行

Spring Boot Junit 测试Controller

Controller：

[java] view plain copy print ?

package com.xiaolyuh.controller;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort.Direction;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.xiaolyuh.entity.Person;
import com.xiaolyuh.repository.PersonRepository;
@RestController
public class DataController {
// 1 Spring Data JPA已自动为你注册bean，所以可自动注入
@Autowired
PersonRepository personRepository;
/**
* 保存 save支持批量保存：<S extends T> Iterable<S> save(Iterable<S> entities);
*
* 删除：支持使用id删除对象、批量删除以及删除全部： void delete(ID id); void delete(T entity);
* void delete(Iterable<? extends T> entities); void deleteAll();
*
*/
@RequestMapping("/save")
public Person save(@RequestBody Person person) {
Person p = personRepository.save(person);
return p;
}
/**
* 测试findByAddress
*/
@RequestMapping("/q1")
public List<Person> q1(String address) {
List<Person> people = personRepository.findByAddress(address);
return people;
}
/**
* 测试findByNameAndAddress
*/
@RequestMapping("/q2")
public Person q2(String name, String address) {
Person people = personRepository.findByNameAndAddress(name, address);
return people;
}
/**
* 测试withNameAndAddressQuery
*/
@RequestMapping("/q3")
public Person q3(String name, String address) {
Person p = personRepository.withNameAndAddressQuery(name, address);
return p;
}
/**
* 测试withNameAndAddressNamedQuery
*/
@RequestMapping("/q4")
public Person q4(String name, String address) {
Person p = personRepository.withNameAndAddressNamedQuery(name, address);
return p;
}
/**
* 测试排序
*/
@RequestMapping("/sort")
public List<Person> sort() {
List<Person> people = personRepository.findAll(new Sort(Direction.ASC, "age"));
return people;
}
/**
* 测试分页
*/
@RequestMapping("/page")
public Page<Person> page(@RequestParam("pageNo") int pageNo, @RequestParam("pageSize") int pageSize) {
Page<Person> pagePeople = personRepository.findAll(new PageRequest(pageNo, pageSize));
return pagePeople;
}
}

package com.xiaolyuh.controller;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort.Direction;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.xiaolyuh.entity.Person;
import com.xiaolyuh.repository.PersonRepository;

@RestController
public class DataController {
	// 1 Spring Data JPA已自动为你注册bean，所以可自动注入
	@Autowired
	PersonRepository personRepository;

	/**
	 * 保存 save支持批量保存：<S extends T> Iterable<S> save(Iterable<S> entities);
	 * 
	 * 删除： 支持使用id删除对象、批量删除以及删除全部： void delete(ID id); void delete(T entity);
	 * void delete(Iterable<? extends T> entities); void deleteAll();
	 * 
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/save")
	public Person save(@RequestBody Person person) {

		Person p = personRepository.save(person);

		return p;

	}

	/**
	 * 测试findByAddress
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/q1")
	public List<Person> q1(String address) {

		List<Person> people = personRepository.findByAddress(address);

		return people;

	}

	/**
	 * 测试findByNameAndAddress
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/q2")
	public Person q2(String name, String address) {

		Person people = personRepository.findByNameAndAddress(name, address);

		return people;

	}

	/**
	 * 测试withNameAndAddressQuery
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/q3")
	public Person q3(String name, String address) {

		Person p = personRepository.withNameAndAddressQuery(name, address);

		return p;

	}

	/**
	 * 测试withNameAndAddressNamedQuery
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/q4")
	public Person q4(String name, String address) {

		Person p = personRepository.withNameAndAddressNamedQuery(name, address);

		return p;

	}

	/**
	 * 测试排序
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/sort")
	public List<Person> sort() {

		List<Person> people = personRepository.findAll(new Sort(Direction.ASC, "age"));

		return people;

	}

	/**
	 * 测试分页
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/page")
	public Page<Person> page(@RequestParam("pageNo") int pageNo, @RequestParam("pageSize") int pageSize) {

		Page<Person> pagePeople = personRepository.findAll(new PageRequest(pageNo, pageSize));

		return pagePeople;

	}

}

测试类：

[java] view plain copy print ?

package com.xiaolyuh;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import net.minidev.json.JSONObject;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringBootStudentDataJpaApplicationTests {
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
}
private MockMvc mockMvc; // 模拟MVC对象，通过MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build()初始化。
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext wac; // 注入WebApplicationContext
// @Autowired
// private MockHttpSession session;// 注入模拟的http session
//
// @Autowired
// private MockHttpServletRequest request;// 注入模拟的http request\
@Before // 在测试开始前初始化工作
public void setup() {
this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
}
@Test
public void testQ1() throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("address", "合肥");
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(post("/q1?address=合肥").content(JSONObject.toJSONString(map)))
.andExpect(status().isOk())// 模拟向testRest发送get请求
.andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))// 预期返回值的媒体类型text/plain;charset=UTF-8
.andReturn();// 返回执行请求的结果
System.out.println(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}
@Test
public void testSave() throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("address", "合肥");
map.put("name", "测试");
map.put("age", 50);
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(post("/save").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(JSONObject.toJSONString(map)))
.andExpect(status().isOk())// 模拟向testRest发送get请求
.andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))// 预期返回值的媒体类型text/plain;charset=UTF-8
.andReturn();// 返回执行请求的结果
System.out.println(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}
@Test
public void testPage() throws Exception {
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(post("/page").param("pageNo", "1").param("pageSize", "2"))
.andExpect(status().isOk())// 模拟向testRest发送get请求
.andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))// 预期返回值的媒体类型text/plain;charset=UTF-8
.andReturn();// 返回执行请求的结果
System.out.println(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}
}