【Flutter】绘制图形原理

1 Canvas画布

1.0 画笔Paint

使用方法：
可以创建全局对象，通过级联增加画笔属性

  Paint _paint = Paint()
    ..color //The color to use when stroking or filling a shape.Defaults to opaque black
    ..style//Whether to paint inside shapes, the edges of shapes, or both.Defaults to PaintingStyle.fill.
    ..blendMode //A blend mode to apply when a shape is drawn or a layer is composited.
    ..colorFilter //When a shape is being drawn, colorFilter overrides color and shader.
    ..filterQuality //Controls the performance vs quality trade-off to use when applying filters, such as maskFilter, or when drawing images, as with Canvas.drawImageRect or Canvas.drawImageNine.
    ..imageFilter //The ImageFilter to use when drawing raster images.
    ..invertColors //Whether the colors of the image are inverted when drawn.
    ..isAntiAlias //Whether to apply anti-aliasing to lines and images drawn on the canvas.
    ..maskFilter //A mask filter (for example, a blur) to apply to a shape after it has been drawn but before it has been composited into the image.
    ..shader //The shader to use when stroking or filling a shape.
    ..strokeCap //The kind of finish to place on the end of lines drawn when style is set to PaintingStyle.stroke.
    ..strokeJoin //The kind of finish to place on the joins between segments.
    ..strokeMiterLimit
    ..strokeWidth = 2;

源码：

/// A description of the style to use when drawing on a [Canvas].
///
/// Most APIs on [Canvas] take a [Paint] object to describe the style
/// to use for that operation.
class Paint {
   
   
  // Paint objects are encoded in two buffers:
  //
  // * _data is binary data in four-byte fields, each of which is either a
  //   uint32_t or a float. The default value for each field is encoded as
  //   zero to make initialization trivial. Most values already have a default
  //   value of zero, but some, such as color, have a non-zero default value.
  //   To encode or decode these values, XOR the value with the default value.
  //
  // * _objects is a list of unencodable objects, typically wrappers for native
  //   objects. The objects are simply stored in the list without any additional
  //   encoding.
  //
  // The binary format must match the deserialization code in paint.cc.

  final ByteData _data = ByteData(_kDataByteCount);
  static const int _kIsAntiAliasIndex = 0;
  static const int _kColorIndex = 1;
  static const int _kBlendModeIndex = 2;
  static const int _kStyleIndex = 3;
  static const int _kStrokeWidthIndex = 4;
  static const int _kStrokeCapIndex = 5;
  static const int _kStrokeJoinIndex = 6;
  static const int _kStrokeMiterLimitIndex = 7;
  static const int _kFilterQualityIndex = 8;
  static const int _kMaskFilterIndex = 9;
  static const int _kMaskFilterBlurStyleIndex = 10;
  static const int _kMaskFilterSigmaIndex = 11;
  static const int _kInvertColorIndex = 12;
  static const int _kDitherIndex = 13;

  static const int _kIsAntiAliasOffset = _kIsAntiAliasIndex << 2;
  static const int _kColorOffset = _kColorIndex << 2;
  static const int _kBlendModeOffset = _kBlendModeIndex << 2;
  static const int _kStyleOffset = _kStyleIndex << 2;
  static const int _kStrokeWidthOffset = _kStrokeWidthIndex << 2;
  static const int _kStrokeCapOffset = _kStrokeCapIndex << 2;
  static const int _kStrokeJoinOffset = _kStrokeJoinIndex << 2;
  static const int _kStrokeMiterLimitOffset = _kStrokeMiterLimitIndex << 2;
  static const int _kFilterQualityOffset = _kFilterQualityIndex << 2;
  static const int _kMaskFilterOffset = _kMaskFilterIndex << 2;
  static const int _kMaskFilterBlurStyleOffset = _kMaskFilterBlurStyleIndex << 2;
  static const int _kMaskFilterSigmaOffset = _kMaskFilterSigmaIndex << 2;
  static const int _kInvertColorOffset = _kInvertColorIndex << 2;
  static const int _kDitherOffset = _kDitherIndex << 2;
  // If you add more fields, remember to update _kDataByteCount.
  static const int _kDataByteCount = 56;

  // Binary format must match the deserialization code in paint.cc.
  List<dynamic>? _objects;

  List<dynamic> _ensureObjectsInitialized() {
   
   
    return _objects ??= List<dynamic>.filled(_kObjectCount, null, growable: false);
  }

  static const int _kShaderIndex = 0;
  static const int _kColorFilterIndex = 1;
  static const int _kImageFilterIndex = 2;
  static const int _kObjectCount = 3; // Must be one larger than the largest index.

  /// Constructs an empty [Paint] object with all fields initialized to
  /// their defaults.
  Paint() {
   
   
    if (enableDithering) {
   
   
      _dither = true;
    }
  }

  /// Whether to apply anti-aliasing to lines and images drawn on the
  /// canvas.
  ///
  /// Defaults to true.
  bool get isAntiAlias {
   
   
    return _data.getInt32(_kIsAntiAliasOffset, _kFakeHostEndian) == 0;
  }
  set isAntiAlias(bool value) {
   
   
    // We encode true as zero and false as one because the default value, which
    // we always encode as zero, is true.
    final int encoded = value ? 0 : 1;
    _data.setInt32(_kIsAntiAliasOffset, encoded, _kFakeHostEndian);
  }

  // Must be kept in sync with the default in paint.cc.
  static const int _kColorDefault = 0xFF000000;

  /// The color to use when stroking or filling a shape.
  ///
  /// Defaults to opaque black.
  ///
  /// See also:
  ///
  ///  * [style], which controls whether to stroke or fill (or both).
  ///  * [colorFilter], which overrides [color].
  ///  * [shader], which overrides [color] with more elaborate effects.
  ///
  /// This color is not used when compositing. To colorize a layer, use
  /// [colorFilter].
  Color get color {
   
   
    final int encoded = _data.getInt32(_kColorOffset, _kFakeHostEndian);
    return Color(encoded ^ _kColorDefault);
  }
  set color(Color value) {
   
   
    assert(value != null); // ignore: unnecessary_null_comparison
    final int encoded = value.value ^ _kColorDefault;
    _data.setInt32(_kColorOffset, encoded, _kFakeHostEndian);
  }

  // Must be kept in sync with the default in paint.cc.
  static final int _kBlendModeDefault = BlendMode.srcOver.index;

  /// A blend mode to apply when a shape is drawn or a layer is composited.
  ///
  /// The source colors are from the shape being drawn (e.g. from
  /// [Canvas.drawPath]) or layer being composited (the graphics that were drawn
  /// between the [Canvas.saveLayer] and [Canvas.restore] calls), after applying
  /// the [co