嵌入式学习日志————实验：串口发送&串口发送+接收

原创已于 2025-08-29 00:14:10 修改 · 335 阅读

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#学习 #单片机 #stm32 #嵌入式硬件 #学习日志

于 2025-08-28 21:23:45 首次发布

STM32 专栏收录该内容

20 篇文章

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1.配置流程

①开启时钟，把需要用到的USART和GPIO的时钟打开

②GPIO初始化，把TX配置成复用输出，RX配置成输入模式

③配置USART，直接使用一个结构体来配置

④如果只需要发送功能，就直接开启USART，初始化结束了，如果需要接受的功能，那就还需要配置中断：在开启USART之前，加上ITConfig和NVIC的代码

2.库函数

配置同步时钟输出（时钟是否要输出、时钟极性、相位等参数）

`void USART_ClockInit(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, USART_ClockInitTypeDef* USART_ClockInitStruct);`
`void USART_ClockStructInit(USART_ClockInitTypeDef* USART_ClockInitStruct);`

中断输出控制

void USART_ITConfig(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t USART_IT, FunctionalState NewState);

开启USART到DMA的触发通道

void USART_DMACmd(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t USART_DMAReq, FunctionalState NewState);

发送数据（写DR寄存器）

void USART_SendData(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t Data);

接收数据（读DR寄存器）

uint16_t USART_ReceiveData(USART_TypeDef* USARTx);

3.实验一——串口发送~代码

(1）main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "Serial.h"


int main( void)
{
	OLED_Init();
	Serial_Init();
	
	//Serial_SendByte(0x41);
	
	uint8_t MyArray[] = {0x42,0x43,0x44,0x45};
	Serial_SendArray(MyArray,4);
	
	Serial_SendString("\r\nNum1 = ");
	
	Serial_SendNumber(123,3);
	
	printf("\r\nNum2 = %d",666);
	
	char string[100];
	sprintf(string,"\r\nNum3 = %d",789);
	Serial_SendString(string);
	
	Serial_Printf("\r\nNum4 = %d",456);
	
	Serial_Printf("\r\n");
	
	while(1)
	{
		
	}	  
}

(2)Serial.h

#ifndef __SERIAL_H
#define __SERIAL_H

#include <stdio.h>

void Serial_Init(void);
void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte);
void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array,uint16_t Length);
void Serial_SendString(char *String);
void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number,uint8_t Length);
 void Serial_Printf(char *format,...);


#endif

(3)Serial.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

void Serial_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	USART_InitTypeDef  USART_InitStructure;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;                           //波特率
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;    //硬件流控
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx;               //发送模式
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;                          //校验位
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;               //停止位
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1,&USART_InitStructure);
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1,ENABLE);
}

void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{
	USART_SendData(USART1,Byte);
	while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
}

void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array,uint16_t Length)
{
	uint16_t i;
	for (i = 0;i < Length;i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Array[i]);
	}
}

void Serial_SendString(char *String)
{
	uint16_t i;
	for (i = 0;String[1] != 0;i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(String[i]);
	}
}

uint32_t Serial_Pow(uint32_t x,uint32_t y)
{
	uint32_t result = 1;
	while(y--)
	{
		result *= x;
	}
	return result;
}


void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number,uint8_t Length)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for(i = 0;i < Length;i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Number/Serial_Pow(10,Length-i-1)%10+'0');
	}
}


 int fputc(int ch,FILE *f)                         //重定向printf输出到串口
 {
	 Serial_SendByte(ch);
	 return ch;
 }
 
 void Serial_Printf(char *format,...)
{
	char string[100];
	va_list arg;
	va_start(arg,format);
	vsprintf(string,format,arg);
	va_end(arg);        //释放参数表
	Serial_SendString(string);
	
}

4.实验二——串口发送+接收~代码

(1）main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "Serial.h"

uint8_t RxData;

int main( void)
{
	OLED_Init();
	Serial_Init();
	
	
	while(1)
	{
		if(Serial_GetRxFlag()==1)
		{
			RxData = Serial_GetRxData();
			OLED_ShowHexNum(1,1,RxData,2);
		}
	}	  
}

(2)Serial.h

#ifndef __SERIAL_H
#define __SERIAL_H

#include <stdio.h>

void Serial_Init(void);
void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte);
void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array,uint16_t Length);
void Serial_SendString(char *String);
void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number,uint8_t Length);
 void Serial_Printf(char *format,...);
 uint8_t Serial_GetRxData(void);
 uint8_t Serial_GetRxFlag(void);
 void USART1_IRQHandler(void);


#endif

(3)Serial.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

uint8_t Serial_RxData;
uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;

void Serial_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	USART_InitTypeDef  USART_InitStructure;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;                           //波特率
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;    //硬件流控
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx | USART_Mode_Rx;               //发送模式
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;                          //校验位
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;               //停止位
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1,&USART_InitStructure);
	
	USART_ITConfig(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE,ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1,ENABLE);
}

void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{
	USART_SendData(USART1,Byte);
	while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
}

void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array,uint16_t Length)
{
	uint16_t i;
	for (i = 0;i < Length;i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Array[i]);
	}
}

void Serial_SendString(char *String)
{
	uint16_t i;
	for (i = 0;String[1] != 0;i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(String[i]);
	}
}

uint32_t Serial_Pow(uint32_t x,uint32_t y)
{
	uint32_t result = 1;
	while(y--)
	{
		result *= x;
	}
	return result;
}


void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number,uint8_t Length)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for(i = 0;i < Length;i++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Number/Serial_Pow(10,Length-i-1)%10+'0');
	}
}


 int fputc(int ch,FILE *f)                         //重定向printf输出到串口
 {
	 Serial_SendByte(ch);
	 return ch;
 }
 
 void Serial_Printf(char *format,...)
{
	char string[100];
	va_list arg;
	va_start(arg,format);
	vsprintf(string,format,arg);
	va_end(arg);        //释放参数表
	Serial_SendString(string);
	
}

uint8_t Serial_GetRxFlag(void)
{
	if(Serial_RxFlag==1)
	{
		Serial_RxFlag = 0;
		return 1;
	}
	else
	{
		return 0;
	}
}

uint8_t Serial_GetRxData(void)
{
	return Serial_RxData;
}


void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
	if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE) ==SET)
	{
		Serial_RxData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		Serial_RxFlag = 1;
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE);
	}
}

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