oracle 11.2.0.1版本sql执行报ora-00979:不是group by表达式错误解决

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本文档详细记录了在Oracle 11.2.0.1版本中遇到的ORA-00979错误，该错误出现在含有关联查询、GROUP BY和ORDER BY的SQL语句中。经过在不同版本的测试，确认可能是数据库版本bug。在MOS上找到了相关bug信息和解决方案，包括修改特定的隐藏参数。最终通过设置_complex_view_merging=false解决了问题。

尽量宽恕别人，而绝不要原谅自己-西拉斯(古罗马)

oracle 11.2.0.1版本中，sql语句中存在关联查询并结果中存在group by和order by条件时，执行将报ora-00979错误。经本人反复查看语句，确认语句没写错，并在11.2.0.4版本中执行语句，发现未报错。由此怀疑应该是版本bug问题。后经MOS查看，确认了bug。

1，基本报错

在本地11.2.0.1版本中执行语句，报错（为保密，特意抹去了表名)：

2，高版本测试

在11.2.0.4版本中测试，发现该语句可以正常执行：

3，错误定位

同一语句，在11.2.0.1版本中执行报错，在11.2.0.4版本中正常运行，该问题极大可能为数据库bug，经查mos，确实查到相关bug信息及解决版本：

链接如下：https://support.oracle.com/epmos/faces/SearchDocDisplay?_afrLoop=340018918702965&_afrWindowMode=0&_adf.ctrl-state=skeblo6ia_4

ORA-979 bugs on 11.2.0.1 (Doc ID 1085766.1)

APPLIES TO:
Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 11.2.0.1.0 to 11.2.0.1.0 [Release 11.2]
Oracle Database Exadata Cloud Machine - Version N/A and later
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure - Database Service - Version N/A and later
Oracle Database Cloud Exadata Service - Version N/A and later
Oracle Database Exadata Express Cloud Service - Version N/A and later
Information in this document applies to any platform.
***Checked for relevance on 07-Aug-2017***

PURPOSE
The purpose of this document is to have a complete list of ORA-979 bugs with workarounds and their current status on 11.2

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. BUG 9411496 - ORA-979 ON 'UNION ALL PUSHED PREDICATE' (Query Optimizer bug)
--- Symptoms ---
When the query has group by and order by, and they use the same attribute and the cursor_sharing is set to a value <> EXACT, the queries fail with ORA-979.

The call stack from the event 979 errorstack is:

... qcuErroer qcuErroep erroep qecgoc qecoby qecpqbcheck qecdrv kkqcttcalo kkqctdrvJPPD kkqjpdctr qksqbApplyToQbc kkqctdrvTD kkqjpddrv kkqdrv kkqctdrvIT apadrv opitca kksFullTypeCheck rpiswu2 kksSetBindType kksfbc ...

--- Changes ---
Following the upgrade to 11.2.

--- Cause ---
Bug 9411496 - ORA-979 ON 'UNION ALL PUSHED PREDICATE'

--- Solution ---
The workarounds are:

1. "_fix_control"="5520732:OFF"

OR 

2. optimizer_features_enable = '11.1.0.7'

OR 

3."_optimizer_push_pred_cost_based" = false

OR

4."_optimizer_cost_based_transformation" = off

The bug is fixed and there are patches for some platforms.  If the workarounds are not acceptable, a one-off patch for the bug should be requested from Oracle Support.

2. Bug 9478304 "LOOP FAILING WITH ORA-00979 NOT A GROUP BY EXPRESSION" (Query Optimizer bug)
--- Symptoms ---

GROUP BY/ORDER BY in PL/SQL cursor loops fails with ORA-979.

The testcase is:

CREATE TABLE testing (AAA NUMBER, BBB NUMBER)
/
DECLARE
CURSOR curTesting(ciPPGroupID IN NUMBER) IS
SELECT DECODE(ciPPGroupID, AAA, 'PP', 'PP_GROUP') AS prisa_type,
COUNT(DISTINCT BBB) AS nof
FROM testing
GROUP BY DECODE(ciPPGroupID, AAA, 'PP', 'PP_GROUP')
ORDER BY prisa_type DESC;
.
BEGIN
FOR row IN curTesting(0) LOOP
NULL;
END LOOP;
END;
/
.
insert into testing values(1,2);
insert into testing values(1,2);
.
DECLARE
CURSOR curTesting(ciPPGroupID IN NUMBER) IS
SELECT DECODE(ciPPGroupID, AAA, 'PP', 'PP_GROUP') AS prisa_type,
COUNT(DISTINCT BBB) AS nof
FROM testing
GROUP BY DECODE(ciPPGroupID, AAA, 'PP', 'PP_GROUP')
ORDER BY prisa_type DESC;
.
BEGIN
FOR row IN curTesting(0) LOOP
NULL;
END LOOP;
END;
/
.
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-979: not a GROUP BY expression
ORA-6512: at line 3
ORA-6512: at line 10

The call stack from the event 979 errorstack is:

... qcuErroer qcuErroep erroep qecgoc qecoby qecpqbcheck qecdrv kkqcttcalo kkqctdrvIT apadrv opitca
kksFullTypeCheck rpiswu2 kksSetBindType kksfbc opiexe opipls opiodr PGOSF141_rpidrus skgmstack rpiswu2 rpidrv psddr0 psdnal pevm_EXECC pfrinstr_EXECC pfrrun_no_tool pfrrun plsql_run peicnt kkxexe ...

--- Changes ---
Following the upgrade to 11.2.

--- Cause ---
Bug 9478304 "LOOP FAILING WITH ORA-00979 NOT A GROUP BY EXPRESSION"

--- Solution ---
The workarounds are:

1. optimizer_features_enable='11.1.0.7'

OR

2. optimizer_features_enable='10.2.0.4'

OR

3. _optimizer_distinct_agg_transform = false;

The bug is still being worked by development and a fix has not been provided yet.

3. Bug 9004697 "ORA-979 or ORA-937 in query with a correlated set subquery containing aggregates" (Query Optimizer bug)
--- Symptoms ---
ORA-979 or ORA-937 in query with a correlated set subquery containing aggregates.

select empno from scott.emp d where d.deptno =10 and 
exists ( -- Subquery
select count(1) from scott.dept b where d.deptno= b.deptno -- Correlated
UNION -- The SET operand
select count(1) from scott.dept c where d.deptno = c.deptno -- Correlated
)


The call stack from the event 979 errorstack is:

...qcuErroer qcuErroep erroep qecgoc qechav qechav qechav qecpqbcheck qecdrv
qecdrv qecdrv qecdrv kkqcttcalo kkqctdrvSU kkqutruns kkqudrv kkqctdrvTD
kkqdrv kkqctdrvIT apadrv opitca kksLoadChild kxsGetRuntimeLock kksfbc 
kkspsc0 kksParseCursor...

--- Changes ---
Following the upgrade to 11.2.

--- Cause ---
Unpublished Bug 9004697 - "ORA-979 or ORA-937 in query with a correlated set subquery containing aggregates"

--- Solution ---
The workaround is:

 _optimizer_unnest_corr_set_subq=false

The bug is fixed and there are patches for some platforms. If the workarounds are not acceptable and there is no patch for a particular environment, the patch should be requested from Oracle Support.

4. Bug 9071471 "STAS ORA-979 WHILE RUNNING SELECT SUBSTRB(COL).... GROUP BY COL" (RDBMS bug)
--- Symptoms ---
ORA-979 if select list contains an expression and group by is on base column of expression. 

The call stack from the event 979 errorstack is:

... qcuErroer <- qcuErroep <- erroep <- qecgoc <- qecsel <- qecpqbcheck
<- qecdrv <- kkqcttcalo <- kkqctInterleaveCVM <- kkqctdrvSU <- kkqutruns
<- kkqudrv <- kkqctdrvTD <- kkqdrv <- kkqctdrvIT <- apadrv
<- opitca <- kksFullTypeCheck <- rpiswu2 <- kksLoadChild <- kxsGetRuntimeLock
<- kksfbc <- kkspsc0 ...

--- Changes ---
Following the upgrade to 11.2.

--- Cause ---
Unpublished Bug 9071471 "STAS ORA-979 WHILE RUNNING SELECT SUBSTRB(COL).... GROUP BY COL"

--- Solution ---
The workaround is:

_replace_virtual_columns = false 

The bug is fixed and there are patches for some platforms. If the workarounds are not acceptable and there is no patch for a particular environment, the patch should be requested from Oracle Support.

5. Bug 9800061 "ORA-00979: NOT A GROUP BY EXPRESSION" (Query Optimizer bug)
--- Symptoms ---
ORA-979 when the query contains ORDER BY expression.

The call stack from the event 979 errorstack is:

... qcuErroep <- erroep <- qecgoc <- qecoby <- qecpqbcheck <- qecdrv <- kkqcttcalo
<- kkqctInterleaveCVM <- kkqctdrvSU <- kkqutruns <- kkqudrv 
<- kkqctdrvTD <- kkqdrv <- kkqctdrvIT <- apadrv <- opitca
<- kksFullTypeCheck <- rpiswu2 <- kksLoadChild <- kxsGetRuntimeLock 
<- kksfbc <- kkspsc0 <- kksParseCursor ...

The testcase is:

create table t1 ( NR_RELA number, CD_ROL varchar2(2));
create table t2(NR_CLNT number);
create table t3(NR_CLNT number,DAT_STRT date);

alter session set "_complex_view_merging"=TRUE;
select 1 from
t1 rol,t2 clv
where
DECODE(rol.cd_rol, 'VN',1,2) = ( SELECT MIN(DECODE(cd_rol, 'VN',1,2))
from t1 where nr_rela = rol.nr_rela)
order by decode( ( select max(dat_strt) from t3 cvn
where cvn.nr_clnt = clv.nr_clnt), NULL, 2, 1);

--- Changes ---
Following the upgrade to 11.2.

--- Cause ---
Bug 9800061 "ORA-00979: NOT A GROUP BY EXPRESSION"

--- Solution ---
The workarounds are:

_complex_view_merging=false

OR

_optimizer_cost_based_transformation=off

OR 

optimizer_features_enable='10.2.0.4'

OR

optimizer_features_enable='11.1.0.7'


The bug is fixed in version 12.1. If the workarounds are not acceptable, the patch should be requested from Oracle Support.

4，问题解决

MOS中已经给出了造成该错误的不同情况的解决方案，我是通过修改隐藏参数_complex_view_merging=false解决该问题，大家可以根据自己本人情况进行调整解决。