ARTS Review1

2019-03-18----2019-03-24
今天阅读了一篇纯英文文章，在意思看明白在前提下进行了简单翻译，是一篇关于数据的文章，作者在该文章中指出了，数据的重要性，数据是如何在创造，并且如何利用数据来影响我们的生活，以及作者对于数据的隐私性和以及我们应该保护我们数据的权力问题进行了阐述，作者是以为在多个行业的数据领域工作者，用电子游戏和医疗药品行业来指出数据的产生，以及数据被收集和影响我们生活，最后作者也阐述数据在信息化时代对于我们社会的进步和发展起到的重要作用。

个人思考，目前我属于医疗行业软件开发，如果我们国家的互联网医疗可以做的好，可以通过物联网和AI等收集人体特征等数据，从而可以对于疾病进行早发现早治疗，从而延长国人寿命，就目前现状而言，我国大多数医院还处于传统医疗阶段，所谓的进步可能只是说对于病人挂号可以通过网上预约问诊等方式，将病人信息录入系统，对之进行治疗后的随访。个人感觉目前的随访都是很简单的，对于真正的疾病数据收集等还是不足的，所以对于医疗行业的数据的严密性和隐私性还是很重要的，当然也希望国家对于互联网医疗方面可以加大投入。前段时间在深圳宝安机场看到一本叫《未来医疗》的书籍，有兴趣的可以看看，就是人工智能和大数据相结合来对人体数据收集监控，从而预防和治疗疾病。

文章链接如下：Data Privacy and Power (需要梯子)

译文如下所示：

数据，隐私和权力

如果我们能就谁能拥有数据达成一致性，或许我们会很高兴。目前数据大概拥有者有政府，企业和公民个人。
我在数据领域已经工作了20多年了，这些领域包括医疗，网络，移动游戏和电视相关的工作。数据在每个地方都被不同的对待，遵守一些联邦和国际的法律。然而，主要来说，企业一般都会遵循这些规则，不去触犯法律，在这种情况下，他们可以用他们想要的数据做什么事情。如果政府不首先提出来“不可以这么做”，那么通常是不会有任何道德限制那些企业来使用他们想要的数据。

万能的美元规则

这里基本真实存在两种主要类型的限制：防止对于孩子（通常说的是13岁以下的）的一些数据的收集；那些阻止任何第三方公司能够将个人识别信息（PII）与从个人收集的数据相匹配的公司。

在没有触犯限制的情况下，公司花费大量的时间和金钱来利用我们的数据做他们的事情。

随着facebook和Cambridge Analytica数据的丑闻发生，我们的数据应该去哪里以及谁应该真正控制我们的数据的问题已经成了日常讨论的重点。

自从2000年来，facebook和社交媒体已经成为了我们生活中不可或缺的一部分，而且在人口比例中占据很大的比例。尽管，为了达到亿级的用户数量高度，这种服务需要是免费并且对于大多数人或者使用者来说应该是开放的。任何的服务都不会是永远免费的。但是有的人，有的地方必须进行支付才可以使用。在社交媒体的情况下，有的人就包括广告商。为了让广告更加有效，品牌和代理商想要知道更多的关于用户使用某种特定的社交媒体服务的情况，以便他们可以更好的准确定位去服务那些需要的人。

欢迎来到21世纪。

至于谁拥有数据和数据如何流动，大多数组织查看数据都是通过顾客或者用户使用或者购买他们的产品来直接生成数据并返回他们组织自己。例如：在药品和医疗行业，公司有一个记录表，谁，多少价格，什么时间买了他们的产品。他们并不与顾客或者病人直接交易。在他们那种情况下，医疗机构就属于中间商。医生和医院是他们产品和病人之间联系的纽带。

那么电子游戏行业是如何来利用数据的？和社交媒体的方式很相似。游戏中的数据都是与营销和货币化相关的。可以归类你的用户和顾客，为了更好的定位去促销和新产品的研发。电子游戏开发者和发布这收集大量的信息，这些信息都是关于用户的行为，包含任何可以想象到的数据，比如他们在玩游戏的时候在做什么，他们与互联网和营销之间 是如何相互作用的。无论用户在与游戏产品交互时做什么，都会用来填充无穷无尽的知识库，以便继续改进游戏的KPI。这些数据都被视为游戏公司的财产，用户在注册通过公司的条款和条件样板播放产品时基本同意这一点。

当提及到电视广告的时候，在某个家庭的观看事件与来自各种来源（如美国人口普查）的人口统计数据相匹配的过程之后，广告商使用的数据是匿名的。没有第三方确切知道谁是谁（姓名，地址等），但广告商可以看到有多少家庭，以及在一般区域内，观看X节目X次以及何时。然后是物联网（IoT）周围的整个数据空间，其中家庭是许多连接设备的关联，每个设备都将其使用数据报告给任何创建和销售它的公司。

我们生活在一个信息网络中，信息以不间断的速度和以令人眼花缭乱的速度传递。

只有我们不是这个网络中的蜘蛛。这留下了另一个选择，对吗？我们一定是被困的猎物。

这是一个诡异的比喻，但遗憾的是，它不仅仅是一种方式。我们每个人，无论我们属于哪个类，每天都会生成数十个，数百个甚至数千个数据点，这些数据点存储在数据库中，并且会在某个时刻被调用来进行分析或拉出来生成最终的列表。反馈到系统中，以某种方式影响我们的生活。通过我们的智能手机，笔记本电脑或电视显示器显示特定广告，或者我们将收到更多垃圾邮件发送到我们的家或收件箱。

效果并非都是负面的。收集，监控和整理数据的巨大力量有助于我们找到良好的交易和利率，并推动医疗保健和道路安全的改善。作为商品的数据是商业的驱动力，目的是帮助整个世界与无线网络连接，最终将进一步提供教育和就业机会。

我认为，如果组织严格使用从其自己的用户或客户收集的数据来改善其用户和客户的产品/服务，那将是公平的。

如果我们的数据超出收集它的组织，则应由我们控制。我们需要能够选择退出任何和所有数据共享的权力。

我们的数据用于收集它的组织应该向我们充分和完整地展示，我们应该能够选择退出它。

关于我们的数据 - 我们在注册任何新产品或服务之前带来的数据 - 应始终保持我们的数据。这包括我们所有的人口统计和PII数据。即使某个组织要求我们使用我们的真实姓名，地址，电话号码以及其他任何内容进行注册，如果没有获得我们的明确许可，组织也不应以任何理由使用这些信息。

不幸的是，并非全世界的每个组织和公司都相信个人数据的神圣性，也不是所有人都遵守相同的标准或法律。情况永远不会如此，因此我们自己的数据安全依赖于我们的肩膀。

这一切都始于家庭，当我们的孩子达到这个年龄，独立使用电子设备。我们需要告知并告知他们需要注意什么，以及如何保护他们的隐私和数据安全。

对于日常公民和一丝不苟的公司，警惕是最好的保护。

感谢您阅读和分享。

不能看原文章的可以看下面的，是我复制出来的：

Data, Privacy and Power

I’ve worked with data professionally for over 20 years in a number of different forms: pharma, online and mobile gaming, and TV viewing measurement. It’s treated differently everywhere, subject to a few federal and international laws. In the main, however, companies generally follow the rule that they can do whatever they want with the data so long that it doesn’t conflict with any laws. There usually isn’t any moral restriction if governments don’t first say “that can’t be done”.

The almighty dollar rules.

There are really two primary types of restrictions: those preventing collection of certain data from children (usually meaning those under 13 years old), and those that prevent any third party companies from being able to match personally-identifying information (PII) to the data collected from those individuals.

Companies spend a lot of money and time doing whatever they can with our data without stepping on these requirements.

With the recent Facebook and Cambridge Analytica data “scandal”, the question of who really should control where our data goes has become a topic of household discussion.

Facebook and social media in general has become an integral part in the lives of a large percentage of the world’s population since the early 2000’s. In order to reach the heights of billions of users, though, such services need to be free and open to as many people — “users” — as possible. But any service can never be truly free. Someone, somewhere, has to pay for it. In the case of social media, that someone is advertisers. And in order to advertise more effectively, brands and agencies want to know as much as they can about the users of a particular social media service so that their spends can be targeted to the right users.

Welcome to Pandora’s Box for the 21st century.

As far as who owns what goes, most organizations view the data that a customer or user generates directly through the use or purchase of their product as belonging to the organization. For example: In pharmaceuticals and medical device, a company has a record of from whom, how much, and when their products are purchased. They don’t deal directly with consumers/patients, though. In their case, the medical establishment is the middleman. Doctors and hospitals are the link that ties products to patients.

How the video game industry utilizes data, however, is very similar to social media. Data in games is all about marketing and monetization: being able to categorize your users and customers in order to better target them for promotions and new product offerings. Video game developers and publishers collect huge troves of information relating to a user’s behavior, including every conceivable data point on what they do while playing a game and also how they interact with web and marketing pages. Whatever a user does while interacting with a gaming product is used to fill an endless reservoir of knowledge that is drawn on to continue improving a game’s KPIs. This data is all treated as property of the game company, and a user essentially agrees to this when registering to play the product via the company’s terms & conditions boilerplate.

When it comes to television advertising, the data used by advertisers is anonymized after a process in which the viewing events of a certain household are matched with demographic data from various sources (like the U.S. Census). No third party ever knows exactly who anyone is (names, addresses, etc.), but the advertisers can see how many households, and in what general area, watch X program for X times and when.

And then there is the whole data space surrounding the Internet of Things (IoT), in which a household is the nexus for a bevy of many connected devices, each of which reports its usage data back to whatever company created and sold it.

We live in a web of information being relayed at dizzying speeds on a nonstop basis.

Only we aren’t the spider in this web. So that leaves one other option, right? We must be the trapped prey.

It’s a spooky metaphor, but sadly, apt in more ways than one. Every one of us, no matter what class we belong to, generates dozens, hundreds, and even thousands of data points every day which are stored in databases and will be called on at some point for analysis or pulled to generate a list that will ultimately feed back into the system and somehow affect our lives. A specific advertisement will be displayed to use via our smartphone, laptop or TV monitor, or we will get some more junk mail delivered to our home or inbox, or be annoyed by a robocall during dinner.

The effects aren’t all negative. The immense power of collected, monitored and collated data helps us find good deals and interest rates, and drives improvements in medical care and road safety. And data as a commodity is a driver of commerce that pushes companies in endeavors that launch satellites with the goal of helping the whole world become connected to wifi, which will ultimately further education and employment opportunities.

I think it’s fair if an organization uses data collected from its own users or customers strictly for improving on their products/services for those users and customers.

Where our data goes outside of an organization that collects it should be controlled by us. We need to be able to opt out of any and all data sharing.

And what our data is used for, by the organizations that collect it, should be revealed fully and completely to us, and we should be able to opt out of it.

Data that is about us — data that we bring with us before signing up for any new product or service — should always remain ours. That includes all of our demographic and PII data. Even if an organization requires us to sign up with our real name, address, phone number, and anything else, those bits of info should never be utilized by the organization for any reason without first obtaining our express permission.

Unfortunately, not every organization and company around the world believes in the sanctity of personal data, nor are they all held to the same standards or laws. This will never be the case, so our own data safety rests on our shoulders.

It all begins at home, when our children reach the age to independently use electronic devices. We need to inform and teach them what to watch out for and how to protect their privacy and data security.

For the everyday citizen and scrupulous companies, vigilance is the best protection.

Thank you for reading and sharing.