Python 魔法方法

1、和比较相关的魔法方法

示例代码：

class Person(object):

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.__name = name
        self.__age = age

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self.__name

    @name.setter
    def name(self, name):
        self.__name = name

    @property
    def age(self):
        return self.__age

    @age.setter
    def age(self, age):
        self.__age = age

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self.__age == other.__age

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return self.__age != other.__age

    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.__age < other.__age

    def __gt__(self, other):
        return self.__age > other.__age

    def __le__(self, other):
        return self.__age <= other.__age

    def __ge__(self, other):
        return self.__age >= other.__age


p1 = Person('zhangsan',20)
p2 = Person('lisi',20)
p3 = Person('wangwu',18)
p4 = Person('zhaoliu',25)

print(p1==p2)
print(p1==p3)
print(p1!=p2)
print(p1!=p4)
print(p1<p2)
print(p1<p4)
print(p1>p3)
print(p1>=p2)
print(p1<=p4)

2、和数学相关的魔法方法

示例代码：

class Point(object):

    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.__x = x
        self.__y = y

    @property
    def x(self):
        return self.__x

    @x.setter
    def x(self, x):
        self.__x = x

    @property
    def y(self):
        return self.__y

    @y.setter
    def y(self, y):
        self.__y = y

    def __add__(self, other):
        return Point(self.__x + other.__x, self.__y + other.__y)

    def __sub__(self, other):
        return Point(self.__x - other.__x, self.__y - other.__y)

    def __str__(self):
        return '('+str(self.__x)+','+str(self.__y)+')'

p1 = Point(4,5)
p2 = Point(1,2)

p3 = p1+p2
p4 = p1-p2

print(p1)
print(p2)
print('p1+p2:',p3)
print('p1-p2:',p4)

3、其他种类的魔术方法

示例代码：

class Word(object):

    def __init__(self, text):
        self.text = text

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.text)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.text

    __repr__ = __str__

w = Word('hello world')
print(len(w))
print(w)